632 research outputs found
Nouvelles données sur les possibilités de lutte contre les chenilles qui taraudent les tiges de maïs (Sesamia spp) (essai presqu'ßle 1960)
Sensibilité des simulations de neige du modÚle SNOWPACK à la paramétrisation de la végétation dans la Réserve Faunique Chic-Chocs
Au Canada, les avalanches constituent le gĂ©orisque le plus dangereux en pĂ©riode hivernale. On enregistre annuellement dâimportants coĂ»ts Ă©conomiques et sociaux associĂ©s aux impacts de ce phĂ©nomĂšne naturel. Par exemple, la fermeture de routes en cas de risque dâavalanche est estimĂ©e Ă 5 millions de dollars (Jamieson et Stethem, 2002). La prĂ©vision des avalanches est, de nos jours, la meilleure mĂ©thode afin dâĂ©viter ces coĂ»ts. Au Canada, cela sâeffectue de façon ponctuelle Ă lâaide de mĂ©thodes manuelles tel que le test de compression (CAA, 2014). Les modĂšles de simulation du couvert neigeux permettent dâĂ©tendre les prĂ©visions Ă lâensemble dâune rĂ©gion et ainsi, atteindre certains lieux difficilement accessibles pour lâhomme. On tente actuellement dâadapter le modĂšle SNOWPACK aux conditions canadiennes et plusieurs Ă©tudes ont eu pour but dâamĂ©liorer les simulations produites par celui-ci. Cette Ă©tude vise donc Ă©galement lâamĂ©lioration des simulations par lâintĂ©gration des paramĂštres de vĂ©gĂ©tation. Lâobjectif de lâĂ©tude est de paramĂ©trer, pour la premiĂšre fois, le module de vĂ©gĂ©tation de SNOWPACK avec les donnĂ©es rĂ©coltĂ©es dans la rĂ©serve faunique des Chic-Chocs. Nous pourrons ainsi Ă©valuer lâimpact de la vĂ©gĂ©tation sur la modĂ©lisation du couvert nival. Nous avons donc, lors de sorties de terrain, recueillis les donnĂ©es de neige et de vĂ©gĂ©tation au niveau de quatre sites dâĂ©tude. Nous avons par la suite rĂ©alisĂ© les simulations avec SNOWPACK et comparer les rĂ©sultats des simulations avec et sans vĂ©gĂ©tation aux donnĂ©es de terrain. LâĂ©tude nous rĂ©vĂšle que le modĂšle diminue la quantitĂ© de neige au sol ainsi que la densitĂ© du manteau neigeux en prĂ©sence de vĂ©gĂ©tation. De plus nous avons pu constater que lâinclusion du module de vĂ©gĂ©tation permet dâobtenir des donnĂ©es qui se rapprochent davantage de ce qui a Ă©tĂ© observĂ© sur le terrain
Update on vitamin D and evaluation of vitamin D status.
Knowledge about vitamin D has greatly improved during the last few years. Vitamin D cannot any more be considered as exclusively necessary to prevent ricket/osteomalacia. Its role in the prevention of some osteoporotic fractures in the elderly (in association with calcium nutrition) is now well demonstrated and many epidemiologic and laboratory data argue for a role in the prevention of several diseases or anomalies (cancer, auto-immune diseases, cardiovascular events, sarcopenia...). A few intervention studies confirming some of these effects also exist. Vitamin D status can easily be assessed by measuring serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) level. However, many experts have claimed that the population-based reference values for 25OHD are too low and that the cut-off value below which vitamin D insufficiency can be present is somewhere between 20 and 40ng/mL with a clear tendency to target values above 30ng/mL (75nmol/L). The main consequences are that vitamin D insufficiency is highly frequent whereas the currently recommended supplementation doses are not sufficient
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease from cortical dementias
International audienceBackground: Considering that most of semantic dementia (SD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients show no postmortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers may be of value for distinguishing these patients from those with AD. Additionally, biomarkers may be useful for identifying patients with atypical phenotypic presentations of AD, such as posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and primary progressive non-fluent or logopenic aphasia (PNFLA). Methods: We investigated CSF biomarkers (beta-amyloid 1-42 (AÎČ42), total tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau [P-tau]) in 164 patients with AD (n=60), PCA (n=15), behavioral variant FTD (n=27), SD (n=19), (PNFLA) (n=26) and functional cognitive disorders (FCD, n=17). We then examined the diagnostic value of these CSF biomarkers in distinguishing the patients from those with AD. Results: The P-Tau/AÎČ42 ratio was found to be the best biomarker for discriminating AD from FTD and SD, with a sensitivity of 91.7% and 98.3%, respectively, and a specificity of 92.6% and 84.2%, respectively. As expected, biomarkers were less effective in differentiating AD from PNFLA and PCA, as significant proportions of PCA and PNFLA patients (60% and 61.5%, respectively) had concurrent alterations of both T-tau/AÎČ42 and P-Tau/AÎČ42 ratios. None of the FCD patients had a typical AD CSF profile or abnormal T-tau/AÎČ42 or P-Tau/AÎČ42 ratios. Conclusion: The P-Tau/AÎČ42 ratio is a useful tool to discriminate AD from both FTD and SD, which are known to involve pathological processes distinct from AD. Biomarkers could be useful for identifying patients with an atypical AD phenotype that includes PNFLA and PCA
Longitudinal Bone Loss Occurs at the Radius in CKD.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) exposes to an increased incidence of fragility fractures. International guidelines recommend performing bone mineral density (BMD) if the results will impact treatment decisions. It remains unknown where bone loss occurs and what would preclude the longitudinal loss in patients with CKD. Here, we aimed to investigate factors influencing BMD and to analyze the longitudinal BMD changes.
In the NephroTest cohort, we measured BMD at the femoral neck, total hip, lumbar spine, and proximal radius, together with circulating biomarkers and standardized measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) by <sup>51</sup> Cr-EDTA in a subset of patients with CKD stage 1 to 5 followed during 4.3 ± 2.0 years. A linear mixed model explored the longitudinal bone loss and the relationship of associated factors with BMD changes. A total of 858 patients (mean age 58.9 ± 15.2 years) had at least 1 and 477 had at least 2 BMD measures.
At baseline, cross-sectional analysis showed a significantly lower BMD at femoral neck and total hip and a significant higher serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) along with CKD stages. Baseline age, gender, tobacco, low body mass index (BMI), and high PTH levels were significantly associated with low BMD. Longitudinal analysis during the mean 4.3 years revealed a significant bone loss at the radius only. BMD changes at the femoral neck were associated with BMI, but not CKD stages or basal PTH levels.
CKD is associated with low BMD and high PTH in the cross-sectional analysis. Longitudinal bone loss occurred at the proximal radius after 4.3 years
Romiplostim for temozolomide-induced thrombocytopenia in glioblastoma: The PLATUM trial
OBJECTIVE
To determine the efficacy of the thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim for the prevention of temozolomide-induced thrombocytopenia in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
METHODS
In the PLATUM phase II open-label, multicenter, single-arm trial, patients diagnosed with Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia during chemoradiotherapy received weekly subcutaneous romiplostim injections. PLATUM aimed at demonstrating that the percentage of thrombocytopenic patients treated with romiplostim able to complete 6 cycles of maintenance temozolomide chemotherapy exceeded 10% (0 = 0.10; A = 0.35). Using type I error equal to 0.05% and 95% power, 31 patients had to be recruited. According to a Fleming 2-step design with a preplanned interim analysis after recruitment of 20 patients (step 1), the trial was terminated early for success.
RESULTS
Twenty patients were enrolled in step 1. Median age was 61 years (range 33-73). Twelve patients received 6 temozolomide cycles, corresponding to a success rate of 60% (95% confidence interval 36%-81%). Four patients discontinued temozolomide because they did not respond to romiplostim, 2 for progression, and 2 for adverse events unrelated to romiplostim.
CONCLUSION
The thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim improves exposure to chemotherapy in patients with glioblastoma experiencing temozolomide-induced thrombocytopenia.
CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER
NCT02227576.
CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE
This study provides Class IV evidence that for patients with glioblastoma and thrombocytopenia, romiplostim is effective for the secondary prophylaxis of temozolomide-induced thrombocytopenia
Omonville-la-Rogue â Le Fort de Led-Heu
Date de l'opĂ©ration : 2009 (SD) Des terrains en friche ont Ă©tĂ©, tout rĂ©cemment, acquis par le Conservatoire du Littoral. Il sâavĂšre que dans une partie des parcelles, il existe les vestiges dâun ancien fort signalĂ© par SĂ©bastien Houillier (garde littoral) qui aprĂšs avoir effectuĂ© un dĂ©broussaillage, a pu en observer une partie des contours. AprĂšs une recherche bibliographique importante, de nombreux documents font Ă©tat dâun fort construit Ă lâorigine sous lâĂ©poque de François Ier. Cyril Marci..
Rare Primary Central Nervous System Tumors in Adults: An Overview
Overall, tumors of primary central nervous system (CNS) are quite common in adults with an incidence rate close to 30 new cases/100,000 inhabitants per year. Significant clinical and biological advances have been accomplished in the most common adult primary CNS tumors (i.e., diffuse gliomas). However, most CNS tumor subtypes are rare with an incidence rate below the threshold defining rare disease of 6.0 new cases/100,000 inhabitants per year. Close to 150 entities of primary CNS tumors have now been identified by the novel integrated histomolecular classification published by the World Health Organization (WHO) and its updates by the c-IMPACT NOW consortium (the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy). While these entities can be better classified into smaller groups either by their histomolecular features and/or by their location, assessing their treatment by clinical trials and improving the survival of patients remain challenging. Despite these tumors are rare, research, and advances remain slower compared to diffuse gliomas for instance. In some cases (i.e., ependymoma, medulloblastoma) the understanding is high because single or few driver mutations have been defined. The European Union has launched European Reference Networks (ERNs) dedicated to support advances on the clinical side of rare diseases including rare cancers. The ERN for rare solid adult tumors is termed EURACAN. Within EURACAN, Domain 10 brings together the European patient advocacy groups (ePAGs) and physicians dedicated to improving outcomes in rare primary CNS tumors and also aims at supporting research, care and teaching in the field. In this review, we discuss the relevant biological and clinical characteristics, clinical management of patients, and research directions for the following types of rare primary CNS tumors: medulloblastoma, pineal region tumors, glioneuronal and rare glial tumors, ependymal tumors, grade III meningioma and mesenchymal tumors, primary central nervous system lymphoma, germ cell tumors, spinal cord tumors and rare pituitary tumors
Radiotherapy for newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma: role and perspective
Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has long been a key treatment of newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). In the 1990s, the addition of high dose Methotrexate-based induction chemotherapy (HD MTX-based CT) has enabled a drastic improvement in PCNSL patients outcome. However, combined treatment has led to radiation-induced delayed neurotoxicity, especially in older patients. Alternative treatment strategies have been assessed to improve the efficacy and neurotoxicity ratio. Nowadays, in the elderly patients WBRT is widely omitted or deferred, and in younger patients WBRT is challenged by high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant (HCT-ASCT) for consolidation treatment after HD MTX-based CT. In this setting, this review is addressed to clinicians with the aim to summarize the role of WBRT in the treatment of newly diagnosed PCNSL and its perspectives
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