The effect of swimming training and detraining on interleukin-17 and interleukin-18 of rats

Background and aims: Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) are proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of swimming trainings and detraining on IL-17 and IL-18 of rats. Methods: 60 rats were selected and divided to 5 groups of 12 rats: 8 weeks swimming training, 10 weeks swimming training, 8 weeks control, 10 weeks control and 2 weeks detraining following 8 weeks swimming training. Swimming trainings were included 8 and 10 weeks, 5 sessions per week and 60 minutes per session. For statistical analysis of data used Kolmogorov Simonov, one way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (P≤0.05). Results: 8 (P=0.56) and 10 (P=0.51) weeks swimming training have no significant effect on IL-17 of rats, 8 weeks swimming training has no significant effect on IL-18 of rats (P=0.72). Nevertheless 10 weeks swimming training had significant effect on reduction IL-18 of rats (P=0.005) and 2 weeks detraining following 8 weeks swimming training has significant effect on increase IL-17 (P=0.01) and IL-18 (P=0.001) of rats. Conclusion: Regarding to 10 weeks swimming training reduces and 2 weeks detraining following 8 weeks swimming training increases proinflammatory cytokines, it is concluded training program should not be discontinued to prevent the reveal of inflammation

Diagnostic Accuracy of Digitized Images Using Different Resolution Settings of Digital Camera in Detection of Proximal Caries

Objective: When none of digital systems and scanners is accessible and it is essential to have digitized images of conventional radiographs, digital cameras can be used. The Aim of this study  was to investigate whether digital images obtained by different resolutions of a digital camera are matched to the original radiographs in evaluation of caries.Methods: In this diagnostic accuracy in vitro study the conventional radiographs of168 proximal surfaces of 84 teeth were produced, Then they were digitized with digital camera in three different resolutions; high (2048x1536), medium (1600x1200) and low resolution (480x460). Images were stored in Photoshop7.0 software, and were evaluated by5 observers to show the presence and depth of the caries. Cronbach’s α calculated inter-observers agreement and in order to calculate the agreement with original conventional radiographs Kappa index was used.Results: In assessing the presence of caries, the agreement between low, medium and high resolutions with original radiographs were 0.286, 0.235 and 0 respectively. Also, assessing the depth of the caries agreement was reported0.21, 0.338 and 0.412 respectively. In most instances, there was a fair agreement between the different resolutions and original radiographs. The highest inter- observer’s agreement was reported in diagnosis of the presence of the caries with using high resolution (α=0.837) and the lowest inter-observer’s agreement was reported in diagnosis of the  depth of the caries with medium resolution (α=0.762).There was no significant difference reported in observations of different resolutions and original images.Conclusion: Using of high-resolution cameras did not show a significant difference with medium and low resolutions in caries evaluations. Therefore, considering the increase in the file size and difficulties in cameras selection, using of high-resolution digital cameras is not necessary in order to increase the diagnostic accuracy of digitized images

SITE SELECTION TO HAZARDOUS WASTE LANDFILL OF GILANEGHARB TOWNSHIP IN KERMANSHAH PROVINCE, WESTERN IRAN BY USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS

Each of them has different effects on site selection of hazardous waste landfill. Some factors cause limits to site selection such as; climatic, topographic, land use, edaphic, quakeable, regions under conservation of environment organization and so on. these factors may be cause unsustainable and move hazardous waste to surface and under ground water and also air pollution according to wind aspect, consequently different contaminations. This study was conducted in Gilanegharb town in Kermanshah province west of Iran in 2012 to find best area of landfill of hazardous wastes. Each of the factors valued and weighted based on experts opinions and then evaluated each of the preperated layers in RS and GIS softwares. In the first evaluation of 19 sites, 6 sites were investigated. The results show that asphalt factory site is the best region and then Shahrdary, Tan Kooshk sites are better to landfill of hazardous waste respectively. The reasons for selecting of this regions were far form surface and ground water resources and as a result avoiding to be defiled of ground water. On the other hand, there is no air pollution and malodorous of Ghilangharb town because of wind blow aspect in the region

Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasonography for Identification of Small Bowel Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Introduction: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is known as a common cause of acute abdominal complaints in the emergency department (ED). The modality of choice for the diagnosis of SBO has not yet been established. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the accuracy of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of SBO. Methods: Systematic search was performed on five electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Embase, and Cochrane Library, and the retrieval period was from the inception of each database to November 2023. The quality of the included studies were investigated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2). The pooled values of diagnostic characteristics for ultrasonography were estimated using meta-Disc and Stata statistical software. Results: Twenty-one studies with a total of 1977 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate for sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the summary ROC curve of ultrasonography for diagnosing SBO were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91–0.95), 0.8 (95% CI: 0.77–0.83), 5.69 (95% CI: 3.64–8.89), 0.1 (95% CI: 0.07–0.16), 83.51 (95% CI: 18.12–182.91) and 0.96, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis showed that the utilization of ultrasonography holds promise as a diagnostic imaging for SBO with high accuracy. However, additional worldwide studies are essential to get more evidence on the value of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of SBO

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Translation of Video Gaming Addiction Test

Introduction: The current study aims to measure the validity, reliability, and psychometric properties of the Persian translation of the Video Gaming Addiction Test (VAT). Methods: A total of 280 young men (14-20 years old) (Mean±SD age: 17.22±1.8 years), including excessive gamers and normal subjects, entered the study. They answered VAT, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The VAT was translated and then back-translated. For testing reliability, we used the Cronbach alpha, split-half method, and Guttman method. Also, convergent and discriminant validity were tested to examine the construct validity of the translated version of VAT. Results: The Cronbach alpha for the total scale was 0.81. Also, after splitting questions in half, the Cronbach alpha values for these halves were 0.71 and 0.69. Six Guttman lambdas were calculated with 0.75 minimum and 0.82 maximum, all showing good reliability of the test. Convergent validity was tested by testing the correlation between VAT and VAS. The Pearson correlation was fond 0.73, showing a strong relationship between the two factors (P<0.001). For testing discriminant validity, the association of VAT with CD-RISC was tested, showing no correlation between these scales (r=-0.157; P=0.09). Conclusion: The Persian translation of the VAT is valid and reliable, and it is appropriate for research and clinical use with acceptable properties, similar to the original version