Effect of the Picture Archiving and Communication System Implementation on the Diagnosis Accuracy of Emergency Physicians in CT Scan Examinations

Introduction: Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) allows the processing, archiving, and sharing medical images electronically with different parts of the hospital, especially the emergency department. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PACS on the diagnosis accuracy of emergency department physicians before and after its implementation. Method: In this analytical study, the diagnosis of emergency physicians was compared with that of radiologists in each period. Eventually, the data obtained in the two periods were compared. In this study, 380 and 509 CT scans were analyzed before and after the PACS implementation, respectively. Data analysis and comparison of the accuracy and agreement of diagnosis in the pre- and post-PACS implementation periods were performed using Chi-square test, and statistical significance level was calculated using SPSS version 24. Results: The accurate diagnosis of CT scan examinations increased from 284 examinations (75.9%) before PACS implementation to 428 examinations (84.4%). The diagnostic agreement also increased from 306 examinations (81.8%) before PACS implementation to 452 examinations (89.2%). Statistical significant level was considered at P<0.05. Conclusion: The accuracy and agreement of the diagnosis of emergency physicians in CT scan examinations in the post-PACS implementation period increased compared to the pre-PACS implementation period; as a result, the implementation of PACS increases the diagnostic agreement between emergency physicians and radiologists, followed by an increased diagnosis accuracy of emergency physicians

Level of Moral Distress in Operating Room Technologist Students in Iran: A Cross‑Sectional Study

AbstractIntroduction: Moral distress is one of the issues considered in the educational environment. That it can affect the physical, psychological, and social dimensions of individuals and access to ethical and educational goals. This study aimed to investigate the moral distress in operating room technologist students of Iran University of Medical Sciences.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on Iran University of Medical Sciences' operating room technologist students in 2017. Data were collected with two questionnaires, including demographic information and a moral distress questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using an independent t-test and one-way ANOVA (P &lt; 0.05).Results: In this study, 121 operating room technologist students participated. The mean score of moral distress in the scores' severity and frequency dimensions was (3.5 ± 1.76) and (3.11 ± 1.6), respectively. The results showed that only age and semester had a significant relationship with the total score of moral distress, and with increasing age and semester, students’ moral pain has decreased.Conclusions: This study's results indicated that the moral distress in operating room technologist students was moderate, which requires investigating the factors involved in creating moral distress and providing strategies and measures to reduce its adverse effects in the educational setting

The Effect of Students'Role on Parents' Performance on Waste Disposal in Maragheh

Background and objective: Nowadays, recycling has attracted interest as an effective method in waste management. Teaching recycling to students is of great importance due to the important role this group plays in the participation of parents. This research dealt the effects of recycling educator students on operation of parents in the separation of waste. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, a school as the experimental group and a school as the controls group were randomly selected. The parents of students selected, 100 Person (50 in the experimental group and 50 than the control group) participated in the study. After the needs assessment by researcher, a questionnaire was developed that included question on demographic, awareness, attitude, performance, and participation of the parents. One session of discussion with these parents was held to attract their cooperation with the students and also Educational program for students in the field of waste separation was performed. Then The effect of education on parents, one month and three months after intervention in both groups were assessed by questionnaire and data analyzed in spss16 with using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The results showed that, after the educational intervention, Separation of recyclable waste from non-recyclable, with 58%, was the highest scores. Also, after the intervention in the experimental group mean on awareness, attitude, performance, and participation of the parent’s changes were significant (P< 0.001).        Conclusion: Findings of this research showed the positive effects of the students on their parents’ participation in recycling at source. Paper Type: Research Article

The Effect of Educational Intervention based on Social Support Theory on Improvement of Hemodialysis Patients’ Quality of Life

Chronic kidney failure is a progressive and irreversible degeneration of renal function that affects the quality of life of patients. Social support as a coping mechanism can help promote health and improve the quality of life of a person. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on social support theory on the improvement of hemodialysis patients’ QOL. This is a controlled quasi-experimental conducted in 2015 in Sari and with the participation of 100 hemodialysis patients that were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Prior to education, the patients were evaluated with demographic form, quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and social support (MOS-SSS) questionnaires. Then, an educational program was developed based on social support theory and implemented for the intervention group. The two groups were re-evaluated with the same questionnaires after 1 and 3 months and the data were analyzed in SPSS. In the intervention group compared to the control group, the mean scores of quality of life and social support increased significantly after the intervention (

Awareness Level of Operating Room Nurses of Their Professional Tasks

Introduction: The awareness of the duties and responsibilities of operating rooms nurses is considered as a basis for systems monitoring and quality evaluation. Operating room nurses are supposed to be aware of their professional standards and achieve their functions following professional standards. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out based on the census and sampling with 143 operating room nurses working in nine training hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, and the reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha. Also, both face and content validity of the questionnaire have been checked by faculty members. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 19 with descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: In terms of preoperative responsibilities, 25.7%, 35.9%, and 38.3% of operating room nurses experienced the awareness levels of high, moderate, and weak, respectively. The awareness levels for 20.4%, 34.7%, and 44.9% of operating room nurses were evaluated as high, moderate, and weak, respectively. They were considering the post-operative responsibilities of operating room nurses, 32.3%, 32.3%, and 35.3% of operating room nurses who experienced the awareness levels of high, moderate, and weak, respectively. Conclusions: The results indicated that a vast majority of operating room nurses experienced a high level of awareness with respect to their responsibilities before, during, and after the operation. Nurses’ awareness of their mission, and management and official plans for promoting deficiencies in this regard could help promote health. Contextualized education on improving the quality of nursing services should be considered as a part of the training for OR nurses and suggested to investigate the awareness level of nurses and other treatment staff about the standards of their responsibilities in diverse sectors to perform suitable planning of tasks

Investigating the Relationship Between Internet Addiction and Academic Archievement of Medical Students (2013)

Intensive use of the internet can be associated with negative psychological consequences and behavioral changes. These consequences affect different aspects of life including physical, mental and spiritual health and academic performance of the students as users. In this regard, this study is an attempt to determine the rate of internet addiction and its relationship to academic achievement among medical students of basic sciences studying at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this cross-sectional study, a sample size of 417 participants had been selected by stratified random sampling. To collect data a demographic questionnaire and a Farsi version of Young Internet Addiction Test was used. Descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, frequency Percent, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test, chi-square and t-test) were used to analyze data. 57 out of 417 participants of the study (15.2%) had internet addiction. There was a significant relationship between time spent on the internet (p≤0.001) and number of failed credits in the semester prior to the study (P≤0.02 and r=-0.136). Internet addiction was not significantly associated with sex, age, age of the first internet use, parental education and academic achievement. By medical students of basic sciences internet addiction had no significant relationship with academic achievement; however, to study the effects of Internet addiction on other aspects of medical students' life is suggested

Comparison among Ocular Response Analyzer, Corvis ST and Goldmann applanation tonometry in healthy children

AIM: To explore the relationship between different parameters of Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and Corvis ST (CST) in a sample of healthy Iranian school-aged children and the relationship between parameters of these 2 instruments against intraocular pressure (IOP), measured by the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT-IOP), age and gender, and find possible correlation between ORA and CST with GAT. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 90 healthy children. A general interview and complete eye examination were performed. Following successful GAT-IOP measurement, ORA and CST were conducted. The CST parameters were A 1/2 length (A1L, A2L), A 1/2 velocity (A1V, A2V), highest concavity deformation amplitude (HCDA), radius of curvature (RoC), peak distance (PD), central corneal thickness (CCT) and IOP. The ORA parameters were corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann-correlated IOP (IOP-G) and corneal compensated IOP (IOP-CC). Extracted data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science software. RESULTS: Totally 39 males with age of 9.08±1.60 (6-12)y and 51 females with age of 8.96±1.55 (6-13)y were included. Many CST parameters were significantly correlated with CH, CRF, IOP-G and IOP-CC. Some CST parameters had a significant correlation with GAT-IOP, including IOP-CST in both eyes and HCDA, A2L, PD, and RoC in the left eye, but none with age, except A2L in the right eye. The CRF measurement showed a significant correlation with GAT-IOP in both eyes and CH in the right eye, yet, none with age. Among all CST and ORA parameters, CCT-CST in both eyes and A1L in right eye had a significant correlation with gender, although this was a negligible negative correlation. Comparison of mean IOP values by different devices showed a significantly highest IOP overestimation by CST and lowest by IOP-CC compared with GAT. Also, IOP-G versus IOP-CST significantly had the lowest IOP overestimation among others. Overall, either low positive correlation or negligible correlation was found between IOP measurements by 3 instruments. CONCLUSION: The study finds the highest IOP overestimation by CST and lowest by IOP-CC compared with GAT. Overall, either low positive correlation or negligible correlation is found between IOP measurements by the 3 instruments

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

Relationship between Psychological Empowerment of Managers with Performance Accountability in Hospitals Affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: The most important functions of the Organization are accountability. The only sustainable competitive advantage in any organization, is its employee and their role in the success of the organization that it is possible through empowerment and job satisfaction. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between psychological empowerment of managers with performance accountability in Hospitals at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was performed in 2014 among 110 top and middle managers in 12 hospitals at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was calculated based on the formula for determining sample size in correlation studies. The data were collected via the psychological empowerment questionnaire and performance accountability checklist. The analysis was carried out with the SPSS 18 software and Statistical methods used are descriptive (frequency, mean, percent) and analytical statistics (Pearson correlation). Results: In general, the condition of performance accountability of hospitals and managers' psychological empowerment was "good". The total mean on feeling of meaningful (4.33±0.72), competence (4.29±0.62) and impact of managers (3.81±0.78) was 'high' but on feeling of self determination (3.62±0.80) and trust (3.47±0.82) was average. There was no significant correlation between the psychological empowerment and performance accountability (P>0/05). Conclusion: Managers Capabilities can play an important role in implementation of tasks and thus reaching the level of the logical and appropriate accountability. It is also necessary to grant sufficient authority and provide proper context, their capability more strengthened