Consumers’ Demands and Preferences for Organic Foods: A Survey Study in Mashhad, Iran

Agriculture has always been an important sector of the Iranian economy. For this reason, the investigation of consumers' demands and priorities in relation to organic products is our concern since no study has been conducted in this area in Iran. This paper aims to investigate consumers' knowledge concerning organic foodstuffs and the factors influencing consumption of organic product in the families of Mashhad so that some recommendations may finally be presented. In fact, while organic farming has been promoted as an environmentally-friendly approach and has been developed during the last few years in most developed countries, there is little emphasis placed on this in developing countries such as Iran. In order to identify consumer demand for organic foods, 180 respondents were interviewed by means of a questionnaire

Impact of agricultural land conversion on climate change

Climate change and land use conversion are two major global environmental issues. A claim is made that climate change has brought new challenges for global land use, while land use conversion is hardly realized as a major driver for climate change. Using mapping techniques, this study aims to investigate the relationship between climate change and agricultural land conversion (ALC), by which land is converted from agricultural to other uses (e.g., urban areas, national and natural parks, roads, industrial areas, and afforestation projects). CO2 emission is considered as the main impact of climate change, and agricultural land conversion is regarded as the most important global land use. In this study, data are obtained from two databases: the World Bank and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for the period of 1962-2011. Considering the FAO (2015) classification, the countries are categorized into five different groups (high-income non-OECD, high-income OECD, upper-middle-, lower-middle-, and low-income countries). Economies were divided into several income groups according to 2014 gross national income per capita. The results show that agricultural areas in high-income countries have decreased, while in low- to middle-income countries, they have increased. The highest CO2 emissions can be observed, especially in high-income countries, whereas the lowest CO2 emissions happen in the low- and lower-middle-income countries. The results further show that there is a positive relationship between CO2 emissions and ALC across the world. It can be observed that CO2 emission is increasing where agricultural area is declining. On the contrary, CO2 emission is declining where agricultural area is increasing

Organic Food & Farming in Iran

An article on Irans Geography, agriculture and socio-economic condition, the historical development of the organic sector in Iran, its production structure and type of output as well as markets and future prospects

Organic agriculture in Iran: farmers' barriers to and factors influencing adoption

Organic agriculture is being promoted in Iran to address environmental problems resulting from the use of chemical materials in agriculture. Despite many advantages of organic agriculture, the results of several case studies show that its adoption rate is still very low among farmers. The purpose of this paper is to review previous studies that investigated the main factors influencing and challenging the adoption of organic agriculture. The review included journal articles and conference papers from 2007 to 2012. The results show that Iranian farmers have strong motives for the adoption, yet face challenges in certifying, marketing, and accessing reliable technical information and credits. Given the review of factors that govern farmers' adoption of organic agriculture, key mechanisms for promoting farmers' adoption are discussed. Further research is needed to learn how to bring these mechanisms into play in Iran

Factors associated with needlestick injuries in health care occupations: A systematic review

Needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs), are among the main job-related injuries that health care workers experience. In fact, contraction of hepatitis B or hepatitis C from work-related NSIs is one of the most common occupational hazards among health care workers. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with NSIs in health care occupation. Materials and Methods: In this study, a systematic and purposive review with emphasis on the research question was run to retrieve, evaluate and consolidate the required information. The following four key words were used to search for the relevant articles published from January 1998 to May 2015: NSI health care workers, risk factor and factors associated, in Science direct, EBSCO Host, PubMed, ProQuest, SID and Cochrane Library. Several steps of evaluation were taken to select and analyse the full texts of relevant articles. According to the inclusion criteria, we finally selected 11 articles from the 18642 retrieved articles. Results: The data of the analysed articles indicated that the highest incidence of NSIs was seen in nurses and that the associated factors were age, level of education, number of shifts per month and history of related training. The highest rate of NSIs was related to instrument preparation followed by injection and recapping of used needles. Findings show that health care workers suffer a high rate of needlestick injuries. C onclusion: It was seen that device, location, or action cannot be separately considered as responsible for all types of the NSIs. Rather, each of them has a contribution to the NSIs. Nevertheless, factors with higher frequency should be given a higher priority

Do local banks credits to private sector and domestic direct investments affect FDI inflow? (Malaysia evidence)

This study analysis the factors affecting foreign direct investment inflow in manufacturing sector in Malaysia in between 1974 to 2009, mainly focused on two determinants; domestic credit to private sector by local commercial banks and domestic direct investment. Growth Domestic product and the Trade Openness are also included in the model respectively; the results indicate that Gross Domestic Product of manufacturing, Trade openness, domestic credit to private sector and domestic direct investment significantly influenced the level of foreign direct investment inflow into Malaysia. This study manipulate the cointegration test method and Vector Auto Regression Granger causality between logarithm of foreign direct investment, domestic credit to private sector and domestic direct investment respectively which illustrates both variables are cointegrated and also Granger caused of foreign direct investment

Influence of residual stresses on fracture

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

The effect of triage training on based on stabilization model on nurse's satisfaction in emergency ward: a clinical trial

زمینه و هدف: تریاژ یکی از مهمترین عملکردهای بالینی پرستاران بخش اورژانس می باشد که تسلط یافتن به این عملکرد می تواند روند تثبیت موقعیت را در این بخش در پی داشته باشد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر آموزش تریاژ مبتنی بر مدل تثبیت موقعیت، بر رضایت شغلی پرستاران انجام شده است. روش‌ بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی که به صورت نیمه تجربی در سال 1392 انجام شد، 34 پرستار مرد بخش اورژانس بیمارستان نظامی منتخب که مسئول انجام تریاژ بودند، وارد مطالعه شدند و رضایت شغلی آنان قبل از مداخله ثبت گردید. سپس آموزش تریاژ با استفاده از وسایل کمک آموزشی (اسلاید و پمفلیت) و همچنین به صورت آموزش چهره به چهره به مدت یک هفته، به پرستاران دخیل در تریاژ داده شد و تریاژ به شیوه علمی با حضور محقق طی یک هفته انجام شد. پس از یک هفته مجدداً رضایت شغلی شرکت کنندگان در مطالعه ثبت شد. یافته ها: رضایت شغلی پرستاران شرکت کننده در مطالعه بعد از انجام مداخله آموزش تریاژ مبتنی بر مدل تثبیت موقعیت افزایش یافت. به طوری که قبل از مداخله میزان رضایت شغلی آنان 00/13±00/68 بود که پس از مداخله به 80/11±44/71 تغییر یافت و این اختلاف از نظر آماری معنی دار بود (01/0>P). همچنین رضایت شغلی با سابقه کار پرستاری و وضعیت تأهل ارتباط معنی داری داشت (05/0>P). نتیجه‌گیری: در این مطالعه آموزش تریاژ به عنوان یکی از عوامل تأثیرگذار بر رضایت شغلی پرستاران معرفی گردید؛ لذا بر آموزش پرستاران در زمینه های تخصصی خصوصاً تریاژ تأکید می گردد