VIBRATION POWER AND MICRO HYDROELECTRIC POWER, THE ENERGY FOR THE FUTURE

Energy is the paramount significant component for economic, educational, science & technological development for all of the various countries in the world. It is an integral part of every sphere of modern life and indispensible for almost all of the economic development activities ranging from farm irrigation to manufacturing of goods and heavy industrial activities. But the world today is confronted with two interrelated challenges closely linked with energy; these are global unusual temperature rising and vicious cycle of poverty. Due to incremental consumption of traditional energy, earth atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG) are rising rapidly, resulting global warming, global climate changes & ecological catastrophes. This is concern with the other challenge that 1.3 million of the world's populations, most of them are impoverished and live in rural areas in Africa and Asia, still out of the electricity supply facilities, causing economic downturn, poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, crimes and social depression. In these very conditions, changing patterns of energy, which are carbon neutral or carbon negative, reliable and affordable, only can save the world from upcoming dangers. Together with other sources of green energy our newly invented carbon neutral ''Vibration Power''& ''Micro Hydroelectric Power'' could be a viable alternative to save the green planet from upcoming challenges

Synthesis and Characterization of NbOx Thin Film

Niobium Oxides (NbOx) thin films have been deposited on silicon (100) and quartz substrates by magnetron sputtering using metallic Nb target in an optimized argon-oxygen atmosphere. To date, suitable deposition conditions for crystalline NbOx thin films by reactive sputtering techniques have not been established. Therefore, this work investigates the dependence of structure-property relations on the key deposition parameters towards establishing optimum deposition conditions for the growth of NbOx crystalline films. It is found that a substrate temperature of 720 °C, low gas pressures of 8 mtorr and a target to substrate distance of 45 mm gives NbOx thin films with good homogeneity and a high degree of crystallinity. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the tetragonal phase of NbO2 and orthorhombic phase of Nb2O5 for similar deposition temperatures. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations indicate that NbO2 has a unique nanoslice structure while Nb2O5 has a flake-like structure. Effect of post deposition annealing on the structural properties are also investigated in this dissertation. It is found that structural changes in NbO2 samples are prominent after annealing in air or Ar atmosphere. In contrast, well crystalline Nb2O5 samples do not show significant changes after annealing in air atmosphere. However, amorphous Nb2O5 can be transformed to tetragonal NbO2 after annealing in Ar atmosphere (reduction). The electrical conductivity and optical transmittance of the films have been investigated and found to be dependent on the oxygen gas content; the conductivity increases, and the optical transmittance decreases with increasing O2 gas content. Optical constants of the films were calculated by fitting model calculations to experimental transmittance data using the modified Swanepoel technique. The nanohardness and stress in the films were measured by nanoindentation and an optical profilometer, respectively. Nano hardness and stress in the film show no large dependence on the oxygen gas content except at high oxygen gas content. V being one of the prominent transition metals, is doped with NbO2 to evaluate the structural variations and the optical transmittance. It is found that higher sputtering power of V is required to be doped with NbO2 and V contents have less effect on optical transmittance of NbO2

WASTE TO ENERGY (WTE) FOR THE SURVIVAL AND THE DEVELOPMENT

The continuing interest to alternative sources of energy is increasing gradually as the world today is very much concern about rapidly growing population, global temperature rising and growing energy demand in short order. Energy is one of the most crucial components for economic, educational, science & technological development in the modern world. It is an integral part of every sphere of modern life and indispensible for almost all of the economic development ranging from farm irrigation to manufacturing of goods and heavy industrial activities. On the contrary, industrial growth is hindered, cost of products & services is intensive and economic growth and employment creation is limited if energy service is not highly reliable & of sufficient quality. On the other hand global warming, the increase in the temperature of the earth's neon-surface air, is the greatest challenge the world is confronting with and world grave concern for earth's all living creations. Every nation, including large & small, wealthy & poor, developed & developing, is under the impact of the ravage. The potential impact of global warming is devastative. It will affect hydrology and biology of earth-everything including economy, ecosystem and substances. Unusual acceleration of earth atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted through massive combustion of fossil fuel and municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill is mainly responsible for this. Changing pattern of energy, for example, carbon neutral or carbon negative, easy accessible & cheap sources of energy only can confront the challenges the world is facing today with global warming, global climate changes and rapidly growing energy demand. Waste to energy (WTE) as a green & cheap source of energy could be a viable alternative

WASTE TO ENERGY (WTE) FOR THE SURVIVAL AND THE DEVELOPMENT

The continuing interest to alternative sources of energy is increasing gradually as the world today is very much concern about rapidly growing population, global temperature rising and growing energy demand in short order. Energy is one of the most crucial components for economic, educational, science & technological development in the modern world. It is an integral part of every sphere of modern life and indispensible for almost all of the economic development ranging from farm irrigation to manufacturing of goods and heavy industrial activities. On the contrary, industrial growth is hindered, cost of products & services is intensive and economic growth and employment creation is limited if energy service is not highly reliable & of sufficient quality. On the other hand global warming, the increase in the temperature of the earth's neon-surface air, is the greatest challenge the world is confronting with and world grave concern for earth's all living creations. Every nation, including large & small, wealthy & poor, developed & developing, is under the impact of the ravage. The potential impact of global warming is devastative. It will affect hydrology and biology of earth-everything including economy, ecosystem and substances. Unusual acceleration of earth atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted through massive combustion of fossil fuel and municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill is mainly responsible for this. Changing pattern of energy, for example, carbon neutral or carbon negative, easy accessible & cheap sources of energy only can confront the challenges the world is facing today with global warming, global climate changes and rapidly growing energy demand. Waste to energy (WTE) as a green & cheap source of energy could be a viable alternative

Effects on natural frequency of a plate due to distributed and positional concentrated mass

The concentrated masses attached rigidly to the plate due to different kinds of loading for the installation of the machineries on that plate may play a vital role to shift the bare plate natural frequencies. This paper presents the effect of natural frequencies when the amount of concentrated masses, the position of the concentrated masses and the distribution of a specific amount of concentrated masses into different positions, which is practically possible when installing the machineries, are introduced. The investigations have been done numerically through ANSYS and also carried out to observe the change of mode shapes due to the concentrated masses. A typical single concentrated mass applied at the middle of the plate is validated by the analytical approach found in the literature

The impact of climate change and firm characteristics on the financial performance of agro firm : study on Malaysian public listed companies

The aim this study is to examine the impacts of climate change and firm characteristics on Malaysian agro firm performance. The sample of this study consists of 33 Malaysian public listed plantation firms with 462 firm year observations for the period of 2003 to 2016. Panel data regressions such as the pooled OLS, fixed effect and random effect model are used to analyse the dataset. Based on the regression results, growth opportunity, rainfall and El Nino positively and significantly impact ROA, whereby leverage, liquidity, temperature and flood negatively and significantly impact ROA. Another measure of firm performance which is ROE are positively and significantly influenced by liquidity, growth opportunity and El Nino. However, temperature and flood negatively and significantly impact ROE. At the same time, leverage, temperature and flood positively and significantly foster Tobin’s Q where firm size negatively and significantly impacts Tobin’s Q. Overall, all variables are significant with firm performance accept firm age is found to be insignificant in influencing Malaysian agro firm performance

Co-operative Investment policy for Growth and Development of Small and Medium Size Businesses and Improve the Poverty Condition in Bangladesh

The research focuses on the assessment of SMEs (Small and Medium Size Enterprises) & its impacts on socio-economic spheres; it focuses on the effective ways for growth & development of SMEs in Bangladesh for socioeconomic development. Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world with low GDP/capita and minimum purchasing power. 24.8% of the total population of the country does live below the national poverty line ($2/day), while 6.5% of them do live in extreme poverty [4]. To bring the vast population out of the vicious circle of poverty and accelerate the economic growth are the target and attention of the country. To pave the way for first & foremost task is either to create direct employment or create condition to create employment to reduce the unemployment rate & accelerate the source and level of disposable income. Growth & development of SMEs, which create self-employments and employments for low and semi-skilled workers, are the target and attention of the country. But the ways for growth & development of SMEs in Bangladesh are not smooth enough. They are frequently confronted with structural, managerial, financial, and social challenges. For sustainable development large population groups are needed to get the ways for their own development. The research was conducted by structural and semi-structural questionnaires and face-to-face interview of 150 recipients of social classes and ages in rural and urban areas in Bangladesh. The aim of the paper is to analyze the effect of Co-operative Investment Policy through “Co-operative Society Micro-saving Bank” and ‘’Innovative SME Model’’ for growth and development of SMEs and MIAs (Micro Industrial Activities) and its impacts on socio-economic development. The target is to aggregate impoverished individuals’ micro saving, limited capability, little working skills & experiences to create them depositors, investors, successful entrepreneurs & skills workers through establishing co-operative society micro-saving bank and involving them in entrepreneurial activities

COMPLEXITIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH IN HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL: A STUDY OF FOUR COLLEGES IN BOGURA DISTRICT, BANGLADESH

This paper aims to explore the challenges of English language teaching in the Bogura district, Bangladesh. Although Bogura is advanced in establishing educational institutions and trades, it is still lagging in respect of the quality and consequence of English language teaching in higher secondary education. In comparison to the other subject, it seems much more difficult for both teachers and learners. Therefore, the problems of English language learning have been listed, and the result of class observation of colleges in the Bogura district has been presented. To do this study, a descriptive research design, quantitative method, and questionnaires are used. The present findings opine that the majorities depend on the exam system to just pass the exam and there is no equal chance to be skilled in four skills of the English language students. The lacking of teachers has also been detected. However, the study attempts to illuminate a scenario of the English teaching system as well as the problems and prospects of English language learning and teaching in higher secondary education

Comparison of adverse effects in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension with monotherapy and combination therapy

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious condition characterized by an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) that leads to right heart failure and death. The study aimed to compare the side effects of monotherapy and combination therapy in the treatment of pulmonary hypertensionMethods: This randomized control trial study was conducted at the department of pediatric cardiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university, national institute of cardiovascular disease, and national heart foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study duration was 1 year, from January 2018 to December 2018. During this period, a total of 70 participants were selected for the study following the inclusion, and exclusion criteria from those diagnosed case of pulmonary hypertension with congenital heart disease admitted to the pediatric cardiology department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university, NICVD, NHF.Result: Maximum patients had ventricular septal defects (VSD) (34.3% in group A, and 28.6% in group B). Followed by AVSD. 20.0% in group A and 25.7% in group B. Atrial septal defect (ASD) were 14.3% in group A, and 17.1% in group B. After three, and 6 months of follow-up SpO2 per exercise, 6MWD, SpO2 post-exercise, and alanine aminotransferase showed statistically significant differences between single and combined groups. There was no statistically significant difference regarding adverse effects between the 2 groups, but group B patients had slightly higher incidence of some side effects. PASP was significantly decreased in combined group than monotherapy group.Conclusions: This study concludes that combination therapy is more successful than monotherapy in PAH with coronary heart disease (CHD). Our findings demonstrate that combining Bosentan with oral Sildenafil medication in patients with CHD-related PAH is safe, and well tolerated at 3-, and 6-month follow-ups, resulting in a significant improvement in clinical status, effort SpO2, exercise tolerance, hemodynamics, and PASP