Mobile Broadband Possibilities considering the Arrival of IEEE 802.16m & LTE with an Emphasis on South Asia

This paper intends to look deeper into finding an ideal mobile broadband solution. Special stress has been put in the South Asian region through some comparative analysis. Proving their competency in numerous aspects, WiMAX and LTE already have already made a strong position in telecommunication industry. Both WiMAX and LTE are 4G technologies designed to move data rather than voice having IP networks based on OFDM technology. So, they aren't like typical technological rivals as of GSM and CDMA. But still a gesture of hostility seems to outburst long before the stable commercial launch of LTE. In this paper various aspects of WiMAX and LTE for deployment have been analyzed. Again, we tried to make every possible consideration with respect to south Asia i.e. how mass people of this region may be benefited. As a result, it might be regarded as a good source in case of making major BWA deployment decisions in this region. Besides these, it also opens the path for further research and in depth thinking in this issue.Comment: IEEE Publication format, ISSN 1947 5500, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis

A Hybrid Markov Switching Garch Model Approach For Improving Volatility Dynamics

Time series analysis has long attracted the attention of researchers in a variety of fields. Past two decades, time series have been analyzed using linear models, which have a number of advantages. However, the question of whether there are other methods that can help understand and predict actual data than linear models have been presented. The historical time series data show nonlinearity, evidence of structural changes, and are extremely volatile. In this case, linear models are incapable of explaining volatility and predicting future values. The GARCH family models explain volatility and forecasting very well for nonlinear time series data but collapse when structural breaks and market turbulence are present. This research aims to incorporate a new nonlinear time series model comprised of the nonlinear conditional mean model, ExpAR, and the nonlinear conditional variance model, MSGARCH. This hybrid model was developed to capture nonlinearity in both the mean and variance equations during structural changes and extreme market conditions. As a result, it can be a valuable method for fitting, illustrating, and capturing downside risk in nonlinear time series data. Moreover, it can offer some enhancement in both fitting and explaining volatility dynamics compared to the benchmark model. Since the launch of the proposed model, similar time series data has been generated from the proposed model and the benchmark model. Then the generated data are fitted into these models. Later, the real-world time series data were fitted into these models and their performance was compared

Mediating Effect of BMI on the Association of Economic Status and Coexistence of Hypertension and Diabetes in Bangladesh: A Counterfactual Framework-based Weighting Approach

Background and Aims Non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are matters of huge concern worldwide, with an increasing trend in prevalence over the previous decade. First of all, this study aimed to evaluate the association between economic status (ES) and body mass index (BMI), ES and comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes, and BMI and comorbidity independently. Second, it explored the mediating role of BMI in the association between ES and comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes. Finally, it investigated whether the mediating effect differs with the place of residence, gender, and education levels. Methods A total of 11,291 complete cases from the Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2017–18 were utilized for this study. Survey-based binary logistic regression or multiple logistic regression was used to find the association among outcome, exposure, and mediator variables, and a counterfactual framework-based weighting approach was utilized for mediation analysis. Results Middle-income (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.696, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.219, 2.360) and rich (AOR: 2.770, CI: 2.054, 3.736) respondents were more likely to have comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes compared to the poor. The odds of comorbidity increased with the increase in BMI. A positive association was observed between ES and BMI. A significant mediating role of BMI in the association between ES and comorbidity was found. We observed that 19.85% (95% CI: 11.50%, 49.6%) and 20.35% (95% CI: 14.9%, 29.3%) of total effect was mediated by BMI for middle and rich respondents, respectively, compared to the poor. Conclusions The mediating role of BMI was greater for female, no or primary educated respondents, and respondents from rural areas. Therefore, the study will facilitate policymakers of Bangladesh and other countries with a similar set-up to decide on health policies regarding hypertension and diabetes

RICE FOR NUTRITION: A TEMPORAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE MAJOR SAARC COUNTRIES

Rice is the major source of nutrition in most of the South Asian countries. This paper examined the rice contribution status on nutrition supply viz. calorie, protein and fat from 1975 to 2009 among the major SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) countries. Among the major SAARC countries the people of Bangladesh highly relied on rice for calorie (72%), protein (62%) and fat supplies (17%) to meet their nutritional needs although it has not achieved yet rice yield sufficiency. It was found that India is the highest rice producer among the SAARC countries but they consume very littile amount of rice for their nutritional needs. It indicated that Bangladesh has been practicing rice monoculture widely and their food habit is rice based due to lack of variety of crop species. So it is needed to produce different crops like wheat, maize, potato and other fruits and vegetables for consumption. As well, poultry and livestock sectors have to be developed for more protein and fat supply from other sources along with rice in Bangladesh

Econometric Analysis of Production Behavior in the Chemical Industry of Bangladesh: A Panel Data Framework

In this study we have attempted to consider the relationship between the gross output and few explanatory variables in the form of Cobb-Douglas production function model of different firms of Chemical industry of Bangladesh using panel data framework. For analysis purpose we have used data for 4 sub-sectors of chemical industry namely, PVC pipe, Paper, Sanitary ware and Insulator for the period 1999 to 2009.However, for our study purpose we have considered only fixed effect model version of panel data. In this study we consider only four possible cases of fixed effect model which are (1) all coefficients constant across time and individuals, (2) slope coefficients constant over individuals and time but intercept varies across individuals, (3) slope coefficients constant over individuals and time but intercept varies over individuals and time, (4) all coefficients varies across individuals. To stay in the competitive market we have to invest as much possible. Total cost has positive effect on the production. We have considered economies of scale. Results indicate the necessity for appropriate policies at the national level for raising production to increase contribution of chemical industry to GDP

Dry matter and nutrient partitioning of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) varieties grown on sandy bris soil

Dry matter and nutrient partitioning of different kenaf varieties grown on sandy Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales (BRIS) soils were investigated. The experiment was conducted under a shade house condition. Five kenaf varieties, V36, G4, KK60, HC2 and HC95 were grown in pots, replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Plants were partitioned into roots, stems, and leaves and the dry weights were recorded at harvesting time. The dry matter accumulation differed significantly among varieties. Total biomasses for the different varieties ranged from 56.19g to 63.33g. Stem accounted for the greatest proportion of dry matter (63.98%), followed by root (18.99%). The proportion of the dry matter accumulation in stem was highest (64.28%) in HC2, followed by V36 (64.04%). The average dry matters were 76.83% and 20.56%. in stems and leaves, respectively. The proportion of the macro- and micronutrients in kenaf parts differed significantly among varieties. Nitrogen content had the highest proportion (27.54 to 28.04%) in leaves and lowest (8.06 to 8.24%) in stem, which followed by K, Ca, P and Mg. Most of the kenaf varieties showed variation in nutrient use efficiency (NUE), respect to the measured nutrient elements. The NUE values of < 1.0 g dry matter mg-1nutrient were observed for macronutrients, whereas higher NUE values obtained for micronutrients. Total nutrient accumulation in the plant components differed among the kenaf varieties. Partitioning of dry matter and nutrients in kenaf provides a means to select better varieties and makes it possible to grow kenaf on BRIS soil using better fertilizer program

Performance of a novel hybrid model through simulation and historical financial data

It is thoroughly acknowledged that the historical financial time series is not linear, exhibits structural changes, and is volatile. It has been noticed in the current literature that because of the existence of structural breaks in the historical time series, the GARCH family models provide misleading results and poor forecasts. Thus, it is unavoidable to incorporate models with nonlinearity in the conditional mean and conditional variance to capture volatility dynamics more precisely than the existing models. Therefore, inspiring in this matter, this study proposes a novel hybrid model of exponential autoregressive (ExpAR) with a Markov-switching GARCH (MSGARCH) model. This study also examines volatility dynamics and performances through simulation and real-world financial data. Moreover, this study investigates downside risk management performances using 5% VaR (Value-at-Risk) back-testing. The empirical findings showed that the proposed model outperforms the benchmark model for both simulation and real-world time series data. The VaR results also showed that the proposed model captures downside risk more meticulously than the benchmark model

Integration of Large-Scale Electric Vehicles into Utility Grid: An Efficient Approach for Impact Analysis and Power Quality Assessment

Electric vehicles (EVs) have received massive consideration in the automotive industries due to their improved performance, efficiency and capability to minimize global warming and carbon emission impacts. The utilization of EVs has several potential benefits, such as increased use of renewable energy, less dependency on fossil-fuel-based power generations and energy-storage capability. Although EVs can significantly mitigate global carbon emissions, it is challenging to maintain power balance during charging on-peak hours. Thus, it mandates a comprehensive impact analysis of high-level electric vehicle penetration in utility grids. This paper investigates the impacts of large-scale EV penetration on low voltage distribution, considering the charging time, charging method and characteristics. Several charging scenarios are considered for EVs’ integration into the utility grid regarding power demand, voltage profile, power quality and system adequacy. A lookup-table-based charging approach for EVs is proposed for impact analysis, while considering a large-scale integration. It is observed that the bus voltage and line current are affected during high-level charging and discharging of the EVs. The residential grid voltage sag increases by about 1.96% to 1.77%, 2.21%, 1.96 to 1.521% and 1.93% in four EV-charging profiles, respectively. The finding of this work can be adopted in designing optimal charging/discharging of EVs to minimize the impacts on bus voltage and line current

Impacts of co-management on fish biodiversity and livelihoods of fishers of Baikka beel, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh

Co-management plays a significant role in fisheries and natural resources management. In the case of fisheries, it has most often been taken to mean a sharing of responsibility for sustainable resource management between government and fishing communities. Baikka Beel, situated in Moulvibazar, Bangladesh has been identified and established as a wetland sanctuary by local community members in conjunction with the Management of Aquatic Ecosystem through Community Husbandry (MACH) project. In this study, the role of co-management institutions, including federations of resource user groups (FRUGs) and resource management organizations (RMOs) were investigated on sustainable wetland resource management and fish production and biodiversity in Baikka Beel. Study results shown that the knowledge and attitudes of MACH fishers towards sustainable resource management were positive and optimistic than non-MACH fishers; MACH fishers were involved with AIGAs. The results from independent samples t-test showed that the income of MACH group from fishing was significantly lower than the income of non-MACH group while income from AIGAs of MACH group was significantly higher than the income of non-MACH group. Fishing rights of both MACH and non-MACH fishers are not well established due to current leasing system. Both production and biodiversity of fish has been improved due to community-based sustainable management of Baikka Beel