国際バカロレア（IB）教育についての考察 : 各教員の専門・関心分野における教育との比較検討

研究ノート　聖隷クリストファー大学社会福祉学部こども教育福祉学科では、国際バカロレア教員認定資格（IBEC）のプログラムを2021 年9 月から開始する。それに伴い、IBEC の具体的な中身の検討を行うため、学科の各教員が専門や関心領域と関連づけて研究・研修を行って来た。そこから得た国際バカロレア教育に関する理解や考察について各執筆者が以下の内容についてまとめる。聖書・キリスト教的価値観と国際バカロレア、SDGs との関連、初等教育プログラムにおける算数、初等教育プログラムにおける理科、初等教育プログラムにおける言語、PYP における体育の重要性、初等教育プログラムにおける芸術、IB 教育の「学習者像」と教育要領「10 の姿」の比較。「PYP のつくり方：初等教育のための国際教育カリキュラム」を基に比較検討を行う

聖隷が目指す国際バカロレア教育について

調査報告　聖隷クリストファー大学社会福祉学部こども教育福祉学科は、2019 年度より小学校教員養成課程を設置した。さらに新しい時代に求められる資質・能力を児童が身に付けられるよう大学の教育課程に「国際バカロレア（以下、IB）」関連の科目を置き、主体性や国際的な視点を持った全人教育を推進する教員養成を目指すことにした。　IB 教育は、知識や人格のバランスがとれた世界的に通用する人材を育成することを目的としている。この教育内容を理解するために、本学では研究会・講演会開催や国際バカロレア教育学会に参加することを年間通じて計画・実行してきた。本報告は、こうした研究会や学会を通して学習・考察した内容についてまとめていくものである。　そうすることで、IB 教育と本学の教育や授業との関係を整理し、IB に関する理解を教員全員で深め、本学科の教育の独自性や特色ある内容について検討・創造していく第一歩とするものである

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

Vision-Based Robot Learning for Behavior Acquisition

We introduce our approach, a new direction of robotics research that makes a robot learn to behave adequately to accomplish a given task at hand through the interactions with its environment with less a priori knowledge about the environment or the robot itself. We briefly present three research topics of vision-based robot learning in each of which visual perception is tightly coupled with actuator effects so as to learn an adequate behavior. First, "motion sketch" for a one-eyed mobile robot to learn several behaviors such as obstacle avoidance and target pursuit is introduced. Next, a method of vision-based reinforcement learning by which a robot learns to shoot a ball into a goal is presented. Finally, we show a method of purposive visual control consisting of an on-line estimator and a feedback/feedforward controller for uncalibrated camera-manipulator systems. All topics include the real robot experiments

Marked Rebound of Platelet Count in the Early Postpartum Period in a Patient with Essential Thrombocythemia

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) occurs predominantly in the elderly, but approximately 20% of patients are <40 years old. Unlike other myeloproliferative neoplasms, ET occurs more commonly in women. We encountered a 38-year-old women diagnosed with ET who exhibited elevated platelet count in early pregnancy. Her platelet count exceeded 1500 × 109/L by late pregnancy; interferon α was administered but failed to induce an adequate response. She underwent emergency cesarean delivery at 37 weeks of gestation. Although her platelet count was 1000 × 109/L immediately after delivery, it markedly increased to 3271 × 109/L approximately 2 weeks later. Cytoreductive therapy was resumed; the subsequent course was free from complications. Several review articles have indicated that because platelet counts of patients may again increase to the pregnancy level or rebound after delivery, cytoreductive therapy should be administered if necessary. However, there is insufficient information on when therapeutic interventions are necessary and how they should be performed. It remains unknown whether the platelet count will decrease after some time without treatment if it rebounds. We hope management guidelines will be established by collecting detailed data on the postpartum course as well as during pregnancy

Catheter-related bloodstream infection associated with multiple insertions of the peripherally inserted central catheter in patients with hematological disorders

Abstract Patients with hematological disorders are treated with multiple cycles of chemotherapy. As a result, they often require multiple insertions of the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) for prolonged periods of time. Although PICCs have been widely used worldwide in various patients, the safety and feasibility of the multiple insertions of the PICC in this population have not been fully verified. We performed a retrospective analysis to clarify the relationship between complications and multiple PICC insertions in patients with hematological disorders who were treated with either chemotherapy or immunotherapy. A total of 651 PICCs were inserted in 261 patients with a median age of 66 years. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were the most common diseases in our patient cohort. The total catheter days (CDs) was 29,485 days, with a median catheter duration of 30 days. The rate of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in our patient cohort at high rate of re-insertion was 2.0/1000 CDs. Although multiple PICC insertions were not a risk factor of CRBSI, our findings suggest that a prolonged catheter dwell time may be associated with CRBSI. AML was an important risk factor of CRBSI. While the PICC dwell time depends on the treatment cycle, our findings indicate that it should be limited to approximately 30 days and catheters may be removed and re-inserted as needed

Fulvestrant 500 mg in postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer : the initial clinical experience

Background: Fulvestrant 500 mg is currently approved for the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer after failure of prior endocrine therapies. Methods: A total of 117 postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer, who experienced progression after previous endocrine therapies, were treated with fulvestrant 500 mg between January 2012 and June 2014. Clinical response, time to progression (TTP) and adverse events were investigated. Results: Ninety-nine patients had recurrent breast cancer and 18 patients had stage IV disease. Patients had received a median of two endocrine therapies and a median of two chemotherapies, prior to fulvestrant. There were 10 patients with partial response, 39 patients with long stable disease, 18 patients with stable disease, and 50 patients with progressive disease, so that the objective response rate was 8.5 %, with a clinical benefit rate of 41.9 %. The median TTP was 6.1 months. The absence of liver metastases, a small number of previous chemotherapies, and the longer duration of first-line endocrine therapy were positively correlated with TTP in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, a significant association was observed between TTP and duration of first-line endocrine therapy. Serious adverse events were observed in one patient with pulmonary embolism and in one patient with psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions: Fulvestrant 500 mg is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer that had progressed after prior endocrine therapies. Patients with acquired resistance to endocrine therapies might be good candidates for fulvestrant therapy regardless of the number of prior endocrine treatments