The relation between man and nature in Wordsworth\u27s poetry.

While democracy was developing, while men were seeking to reform national politics and to find some means by which the people might be represented justly in the government, a new movement entered into literature to give it a broadened scope and a deepened meaning. This was the philosophical movement, at times strongly influenced by a metaphysical spirit, which often not only prescribed the form of poetry, but furnished it with its elements . (Taine, History of English Literature, p.87). The questions, What is the meaning of life? What is man, and what is his purpose in the world? turned the thoughts of men inward upon their own souls to find, if possible, the answers. The question, how to live, was recognized as a moral one; it is the question which most interests every man, and with which, in some way or other, he is perpetually occupied . (Arnold, Essays in Criticism, p. 142). As a result, the habits of introspection and of profound meditation characterized the poets of this period, and it remained for Wordsworth, as the chief representative of this new movement, to establish a name and place for himself unlike that of any other English poet. In this paper, then, it is my purpose to examine Wordsworth\u27s position as a philosophic poet and to show that this position does not rest upon the dry dust of a scientific system of thought . By tracing the development of his love for nature through his childhood, his youth, and his maturity, I wish to present Wordsworth\u27s wholly new and individual view of Nature, which forms the basis for his unique position. Further, I desire to show how, through the influence of Nature, he was brought to that love and sympathy for mankind, that broad comprehension of the working\u27s of man\u27s mind, which make him, in the truest sense, a philosophical poet for those who approach him with a seeing eye and an understanding heart

The nature and development of Roman Corinth to the end of the Antonine period

The purpose of this thesis is two-fold: first, to examine and re-assess the material remains of Roman Corinth in the light 'of modern scholarship; secondly, to use this evidence, in combination with the literary sources, and thus to define, more clearly than has been done hitherto, both the nature of the original foundation and the way in which it developed. The work depends primarily on material remains, since the literary sources are limited and often overworked. A vast amount of material has been made available from the excavations of the American School over the last sixty years; there are scattered reports of earlier work going back to the 1890s; and there is a substantial body of unpublished material. Aerial photographs, taken in the 1940s and 1960s, which have not been studied before, have made it possible to form a much better idea of the city as a whole and to reconstruct the basic road system. The end of the Antonine period provides a convenient, if somewhat arbitrary, date at which to conclude the study in general, since most of the excavated areas and literary references date from before this time. My conclusion is that the evidence now available shows that Roman Corinth, far from being simply a continuation of Greek Corinth, as most scholars have assumed, was founded as a Roman colony, in accordance with normal Roman practice, and that it retained its Roman identity throughout the period under discussion

Death Education: An Internationally Relevant Approach to Grief Counseling

In the 21st century, counselors are faced with the challenge of assessing age old issues through a modern lens. In particular, today’s counselors provide grief related services to a growing number of global citizens each with their own “individual culture.” The purpose of this article is to overview the use of an international perspective in training counselors to work with issues of grief and to highlight the importance of integrating death education into the counseling curriculum. A brief overview of adaptive grieving styles and an internationally relevant approach for bereavement counseling is presented

How to Compartmentalize: Genome Compartmentalization After Cell Division and a Novel Role for Lamin C

The contents of the eukaryotic nucleus are highly organized for functional efficiency. This is seen on a variety of levels within the nucleus from protein-DNA hubs that perform particular roles, such as DNA damage repair, to higher organization of the chromatin itself. Lamina Associated Domains (LADs) are one such form or organization within the nucleus. LADs are largely inactive regions of chromatin that are proximal to the meshwork of lamins that underlie the nuclear membrane and are marked by specific repressive histone modifications. A type lamins, lamin A and lamin C, have been implicated as the lamin isotypes specifically responsible for proper LAD recruitment and anchoring at the nuclear periphery. These domains are developmentally regulated and are crucial for cell fate and identity. Disruption of this organization has been implicated in various disease pathogeneses. Here we show that LADs represent the same functional regions of the genome, including a shared sub-domain structure and boundaries, as the B compartment identified through chromatin capture techniques such as HiC. These studies have identified two types of 3D organization: areas of local self-interaction called topologically associated domains (TADs) and long-range genome-wide self-interactions that divide the genome into A (active) and B (inactive) compartments. Recently, we and others have demonstrated that these forms of genome organization are lost during mitosis as the chromosomes are reorganized and undergo large scale compaction. All genome organization is reestablished after mitosis during G1, but how this dynamic reorganization occurs is largely unknown. We have shown that LAD self-association occurs in anaphase prior to LAD establishment at the lamina. All of the LADs within a chromosome form 1-2 aggregates during anaphase and the nonLADs/A compartment of the chromosome form an exterior layer around these aggregates. These aggregates then make their way to the newly established nuclear periphery over the course of several hours where they become anchored and flatten along the lamina. The protein partners contributing to this process remain largely unknown however, we show that specifically lamin C plays a critical role in promoting proper LAD aggregation and establishment at the nuclear periphery, buffering intrachromosomal or intercompartmental interactions

Skilful seasonal prediction of winter gas demand

In Britain, residential properties are predominantly heated using gas central heating systems. Ensuring a reliable supply of gas is therefore vital in protecting vulnerable sections of society from the adverse effects of cold weather. Ahead of the winter, the grid operator makes a prediction of gas demand to better anticipate possible conditions. Seasonal weather forecasts are not currently used to inform this demand prediction. Here we assess whether seasonal weather forecasts can skilfully predict the weather-driven component of both winter mean gas demand and the number of extreme gas demand days over the winter period. We find that both the mean and the number of extreme days are predicted with some skill from early November using seasonal forecasts of the large-scale atmospheric circulation (r > 0.5). Although temperature is most strongly correlated with gas demand, the more skilful prediction of the atmospheric circulation means it is a better predictor of demand. If seasonal weather forecasts are incorporated into pre-winter gas demand planning, they could help improve the security of gas supplies and reduce the impacts associated with extreme demand events

Is Toxicity of Perflurooctanesulfonic Acid Mediated by Salinity in Estuarine Larvae and Embryos?

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of ubiquitous environmental contaminants commonly found in estuarine environments. Estuaries are dynamic systems with regular, dramatic fluctuations in abiotic factors such as salinity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. Despite this, how abiotic factors mediate PFAS toxicity remains unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that salinity mediates toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in embryonic and larval sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus; a model estuarine fish). In two factorial experiments, we exposed embryos through hatching and larvae to PFOS for 96 hours at 1, 10, 100, 1,000, and 10,000 parts per billion (ppb) across two salinity levels (10 and 30 parts per thousand (ppt)). In the embryonic exposure, we measured survival, size, and rate of development and in the larval exposure, measured survival and size. Although we found no effects on embryo survival, we observed increased time to hatch at 10,000 ppb PFOS, but no salinity by PFOS interactions. In contrast, larval survival was significantly reduced by PFOS, and PFOS was 3 times more toxic at 30 ppt relative to the 10 ppt salinity (LC50, 30 ppt = 1,108 ppb , LC50, 10 ppt = 3,106 ppb). Measured PFOS concentrations in water suggest that salinity may have influenced bioavailability of PFAS, which could explain the observed PFOS by salinity interaction on the larval LC50. Our results warrant more work aimed at assessing if/how PFAS toxicity is mediated by salinity and/or other factors that fluctuate under field conditions

Integrating open-source technologies to build low-cost information systems for improved access to public health data

Effective public health practice relies on the availability of public health data sources and assessment tools to convey information to investigators, practitioners, policy makers, and the general public. Emerging communication technologies on the Internet can deliver all components of the "who, what, when, and where" quartet more quickly than ever with a potentially higher level of quality and assurance, using new analysis and visualization tools. Open-source software provides the opportunity to build low-cost information systems allowing health departments with modest resources access to modern data analysis and visualization tools. In this paper, we integrate open-source technologies and public health data to create a web information system which is accessible to a wide audience through the Internet. Our web application, "EpiVue," was tested using two public health datasets from the Washington State Cancer Registry and Washington State Center for Health Statistics. A third dataset shows the extensibility and scalability of EpiVue in displaying gender-based longevity statistics over a twenty-year interval for 3,143 United States counties. In addition to providing an integrated visualization framework, EpiVue's highly interactive web environment empowers users by allowing them to upload their own geospatial public health data in either comma-separated text files or MS Excel™ spreadsheet files and visualize the geospatial datasets with Google Maps™

Oral human papillomavirus is common in individuals with Fanconi anemia

Fanconi anemia is a rare genetic disorder resulting in a loss of function of the Fanconi anemia-related DNA repair pathway. Individuals with Fanconi anemia are predisposed to some cancers, including oropharyngeal and gynecologic cancers, with known associations with human papillomavirus (HPV) in the general population. As individuals with Fanconi anemia respond poorly to chemotherapy and radiation, prevention of cancer is critical. METHODS: To determine whether individuals with Fanconi anemia are particularly susceptible to oral HPV infection, we analyzed survey-based risk factor data and tested DNA isolated from oral rinses from 126 individuals with Fanconi anemia and 162 unaffected first-degree family members for 37 HPV types. RESULTS: Fourteen individuals (11.1%) with Fanconi anemia tested positive, significantly more (P = 0.003) than family members (2.5%). While HPV prevalence was even higher for sexually active individuals with Fanconi anemia (17.7% vs. 2.4% in family; P = 0.003), HPV positivity also tended to be higher in the sexually inactive (8.7% in Fanconi anemia vs. 2.9% in siblings). Indeed, having Fanconi anemia increased HPV positivity 4.9-fold (95% CI, 1.6-15.4) considering age and sexual experience, but did not differ by other potential risk factors. CONCLUSION: Our studies suggest that oral HPV is more common in individuals with Fanconi anemia. It will be essential to continue to explore associations between risk factors and immune dysfunction on HPV incidence and persistence over time. IMPACT: HPV vaccination should be emphasized in those with Fanconi anemia as a first step to prevent oropharyngeal cancers, although additional studies are needed to determine whether the level of protection it offers in this population is adequate

Daily to decadal modulation of jet variability

The variance of a jet’s position in latitude is found to be related to its average speed: when a jet becomes stronger its variability in latitude decreases. This relationship is shown to hold for observed midlatitude jets around the world and also across a hierarchy of numerical models. North Atlantic jet variability is shown to be modulated on decadal timescales, with decades of a strong, steady jet being interspersed with decades of a weak, variable jet. These modulations are also related to variations in the basin-wide occurrence of high-impact blocking events. A picture emerges of complex multidecadal jet variability in which recent decades do not appear unusual. We propose an underlying barotropic mechanism to explain this behaviour, related to the change in refractive properties of a jet as it strengthens, and the subsequent effect on the distribution of Rossby wave breaking