Diabetic Gastroparesis: Functional/Morphologic Background, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

The regulation of gastrointestinal motility mainly involves the smooth muscle, neural (extrinsic and intrinsic), and hormonal elements, the glial cells, and the interstitial cells of Cajal. An orchestrated function of all these components is required for the appropriate propulsive movement of the food in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastroparesis, a pathological slowing-down of gastric emptying, is a result of the damage to the tissue elements involved in the regulation of motility. Gastroparesis is one of the well-known complications of long-standing diabetes mellitus. Although it is rarely a life-threatening complication, it has a deteriorating effect on the quality of life, leads to unpredictable oscillation of the blood glucose level, and increases the time required for the absorption of food and medicines. This review describes the clinical characteristics of diabetic gastroparesis and summarizes the organic and functional motility abnormalities caused by this complication. Finally, the currently available and potential future therapeutic approaches are summarized

A nem szteroid gyulladásgátló készítmények cardiovascularis mellékhatásai a legújabb ajánlások fényében: Nem veszélyesebb a diclofena

Among their beneficial effects, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may also exert several side effects which depend on the dosage and the type of these medications. The most frequent gastrointestinal side effects usually develop shortly after the beginning of their administration, but others such as cardiovascular interactions (which are present much less frequently than gastrointestinal side effects) can also occur after the beginning of drug administration without a latency period. For a long-term treatment, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are most frequently used in the elderly population where patients typically have high cardiovascular risk and take other medicines, e.g. low dose acetylsalicylic acid that can interact with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; in this aspect diclofenac may cause less side effects. In this review, the authors briefly review cardiovascular side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the processes which potentially influence them, therapeutic consequences and their interaction with acetylsalicylic acid

Search for new phenomena in events with high jet multiplicity and low missing transverse momentum in proton–proton collisions at

A dedicated search is presented for new phenomena in inclusive 8- and 10-jet final states with low missing transverse momentum, with and without identification of jets originating from b quarks. The analysis is based on data from proton–proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at √s = 8 TeV. The dominant multijet background expectations are obtained from low jet multiplicity control samples. Data agree well with the standard model background predictions, and limits are set in several benchmark models. Colorons (axigluons) with masses between 0.6 and 0.75 (up to 1.15) TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. Similar exclusion limits for gluinos in R-parity violating supersymmetric scenarios are from 0.6 up to 1.1 TeV. These results comprise the first experimental probe of the coloron and axigluon models in multijet final states. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY licenseL

Measurement of the production cross section ratio σ(χb2(1P))/σ(χb1(1P)) in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV

A measurement of the production cross section ratio σ(χb2(1P))/σ(χb1(1P)) is pre- sented. The χb1(1P) and χb2(1P) bottomonium states, promptly produced in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV, are detected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC through their radiative decays χb1,2(1P) → Υ(1S) + γ. The emitted photons are measured through their conversion to e+e− pairs, whose reconstruction allows the two states to be resolved. The Υ(1S) is measured through its decay to two muons. An event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.7 fb−1 is used to measure the cross section ratio in a phase-space region defined by the photon pseu- dorapidity, |ηγ| < 1.0; the Υ(1S) rapidity, |yΥ| < 1.5; and the Υ(1S) transverse momentum, 7 < pΥ T < 40 GeV. The cross section ratio shows no significant de- pendence on the Υ(1S) transverse momentum, with a measured average value of 0.85 ± 0.07 (stat+syst) ± 0.08 (BF), where the first uncertainty is the combination of the experimental statistical and systematic uncertainties and the second is from the uncertainty in the ratio of the χb branching fractions

Study of vector boson scattering and search for new physics in events with two same-sign leptons and two jets

A study of vector boson scattering in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.4 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector. Candidate events are selected with exactly two lep- tons of the same charge, two jets with large rapidity separation and high dijet mass, and moderate missing transverse energy. The signal region is expected to be dom- inated by electroweak same-sign W-boson pair production. The observation agrees with the standard model prediction. The observed significance is 2.0 standard de- viations, where a significance of 3.1 standard deviations is expected based on the standard model. Cross section measurements for W±W± and WZ processes in the fiducial region are reported. Bounds on the structure of quartic vector-boson interac- tions are given in the framework of dimension-eight effective field theory operators, as well as limits on the production of doubly-charged Higgs bosons

Measurement of the cross section ratio σttbb/σttjj in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The first measurement of the cross section ratio σttbb/σttjj is presented using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb−1 collected in pp colli- sions at √s = 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. Events with two leptons (e or μ) and four reconstructed jets, including two identified as b quark jets, in the final state are selected. The ratio is determined for a minimum jet transverse momentum pT of both 20 and 40 GeV/c. The measured ratio is 0.022 ± 0.003 (stat) ± 0.005 (syst) for pT > 20 GeV/c. The absolute cross sections σttbb and σttjj are also measured. The measured ratio for pT > 40 GeV/c is compatible with a theoretical quantum chromo- dynamics calculation at next-to-leading order

Search for lepton-flavour-violating decays of the Higgs boson

The first direct search for lepton-flavour-violating decays of the recently discovered Higgs boson (H) is described. The search is performed in the H → μτe and H → μτh channels, where τe and τh are tau leptons reconstructed in the electronic and hadronic decay channels, respectively. The data sample used in this search was collected in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1. The sensitivity of the search is an order of magnitude better than the existing indirect limits. A slight excess of signal events with a significance of 2.4 standard deviations is observed. The p-value of this excess at MH = 125 GeV is 0.010. The best fit branching fraction is B(H → μτ) = (0.84+0.39 −0.37)%. A constraint on the branching fraction, B(H → μτ) < 1.51% at 95% confidence level is set. This limit is subsequently used to constrain the μ-τ Yukawa couplings to be less than 3.6 × 10−3

Search for a standard model-like Higgs boson in the μ+μ- and e+e- decay channels at the LHC

A search is presented for a standard model-like Higgs boson decaying to the μ+μ− or e+e− final states based on proton-proton collisions recorded by the CMS experi- ment at the CERN LHC. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 5.0 fb−1 at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 19.7 fb−1 at 8 TeV for the μ+μ− search, and of 19.7 fb−1 at 8 TeV for the e+e− search. Upper limits on the production cross sec- tion times branching fraction at the 95% confidence level are reported for Higgs bo- son masses in the range from 120 to 150 GeV. For a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV decaying to μ+μ−, the observed (expected) upper limit on the production rate is found to be 7.4 (6.5+2.8 −1.9) times the standard model value. This corresponds to an upper limit on the branching fraction of 0.0016. Similarly, for e+e−, an upper limit of 0.0019 is placed on the branching fraction, which is ≈3.7 × 105 times the stan- dard model value. These results, together with recent evidence of the 125 GeV boson coupling to τ-leptons with a larger branching fraction consistent with the standard model, confirm that the leptonic couplings of the new boson are not flavour-universal