The Theory of Crimp of Textile Fibers

The fundamental idea running through this paper is to correlate the crimps of textile fibers with bilateral structure which was found by the author and collaborators, and a series of results obtained by them on this line are reviewed. Section I outlines the study on the crimped rayon staple which gave rise to finding the bilateral structure. Several species of wool fibers are also endowed a priori with bilateral structure, which induces the fibers to crimp as shown in Section II. Section III deals with the mathematical analysis of the dynamics of crimp. The ideal form of crimp is the helical spring, which is preferred to the plane zig-zag from the practical point of view. Section IV describes the production of bilateral fibers made up of two components by the “conjugate melt spinning” process. It is important in the processes of treating the filaments and fabrics that the component polymers in each bilateral filament should be kept inseparable. The compatibility of the several pairs of polymers is estimated by the study of epitaxy, as mentioned in Section V. It is shown in Section VI that the chemical similarity between different polymers is also an essential factor to produce strong cohesion. In Section VII, some of the practical data of crimps, such as the diameter of helix and the number of crimps per unit length are shown with several kinds of conjugate-spun fibers as a function of degree of stretching before producing coiling, the conditions of heat treatment and so forth

Spectroscopic and Photochemical Research on the Diazo-Compounds etc.

(1) The photochemical absorption spectra of the diazo-compounds were measured, and the rays which act chemically were elucidated. (2) The photolysis of D. N. S. and D. B. S.-solutions was observed quantitatively by employing the light-thermostat. (Concentration of the solution was mol/200.) It was observed that the decomposition proceeds with the constant velocity independent of the concentration. It was shown theoretically that the influence of the decomposition product of D. N. S. upon the photolysis is negligible. (3) The influence of quinine sulphate upon the decomposition velocity of D. N. S. was observed. By adding quinine sulphate the decomposition velocity of D. N. S. was reduced. And the more quinine sulphate was added, the slower became the velocity. The result was compared with those from the kinetic equation which was derived by applying Langendyk-Weigert's distribution theory. The experimental values of _x/a were rather larger than those obtained from the equation ; and the result was discussed. (4) The influence of temperature upon the photolysis of D. N. S. and D. B. S. was studied, and the nature of the decomposition was made clear. (I) Temperature influence upon D. N. S. is negligible. The photolysis is practically a pure photochemical reaction. (II) Temperature influence upon D. B. S.-photolysis is also negligible in the region of 2°C and 22°C. The results obtained at 45°C and 60°C showed some complexity. In order to make clear the nature of this photolysis, the thermal decomposition of the solution was thoroughly studied. From the theoretical point of view, it was shown numerically how the pure photo-reaction of D. B. S. is disturbed by the thermal reaction, and how the decomposition is accelerated, together with its practical meaning. (5) It was found by measurement that the quantumefficiency of the photolysis of D. N. S.-solution at λ = 366 mμ was 0.16

Photochemische Untersuchung von Pflanzenölen und Fettsäuren

Die photochemische Reaktion des Leinöls, Olivenöls und der Pettsäuren des Leinöls wird untersucht. Der photochemische Effekt überführt diese Proben zu Peroxyden, welche die Oxydation beschleunigen. Im Anschluss an die Grundversuche werden die Reaktionskinetik, der Kettenmechanismus, die photochemische Nachwirkung und die Besonderheiten des Olivenöls behandelt, Zum Schluss werden die Untersuchungen betreffs der angestrichenen Schichten angefügt

Photolyse der Diazoverbindungen

Behufs Amchlusses an die Untersuchung bezüglich der Photolyse der Diazolösungen werden in der vorliegenden Mitteilung die photochemischen Erscheinungen der Diazokopierpapiere behandelt

Gegenseitige Beeinflussung der Farbstoffe und Fettsäuren bei der Lichtreaktion

Über die beschleunigende Wirkung einiger fluoreszierender Farbstoffe auf die Oxydation der Fettsäure sowie die gleichzeitige Beschleunigung des Ausbleichens der Farbstoffe wird berichtet

Two Cases of Cerebral Involvement in Malignant Lymphoma (CD20+) That Responded to Combination Therapy with Rituximab and Cladribine

Cerebral involvement frequently occurs in association with progression or relapse of malignant lymphoma. Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone, the standard chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma, is an ineffective treatment for cerebral involvement because these drugs cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, various alternative strategies have been attempted. Although high-dose methotrexate combined with whole-brain radiotherapy is widely used to treat primary central nervous system lymphoma, there is no standard therapy to treat cerebral involvement in malignant lymphoma. Furthermore, high-dose methotrexate in combination with whole-brain radiotherapy is not always effective, and high rates of neurotoxicity are often observed, particularly in the elderly. To expand the therapeutic options for central nervous system involvement in recent years, systemic chemotherapies, including rituximab, high-dose methotrexate, and other agents that act during the S, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle, have been attempted. In our hospital, cladribine, a purine analogue with a cytocidal effect on resting malignant cells (G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle), has been used in combination with rituximab, which exhibits antitumor effects on nodal and extranodal lesions of relapsed and/or refractory B cell lymphomas, particularly cerebral lesions. Here, we report 2 representative cases of patients who were treated with cladribine plus rituximab and survived for 30 months (died of sepsis) and 52 months (still alive), respectively. The outcomes of these cases suggest that cladribine plus rituximab combination therapy with whole-brain radiotherapy may be very useful as salvage therapy for secondary central nervous system lymphoma and as initial therapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma

浄化槽処理水の間欠ばっ気運転における窒素除去効果の検討

This study was performed using the Johkasou system installed at the Gunma National College of Technology, which uses a contact aeration process to effect water treatment. This system does not have denitrification capabilities. Several intermittent aeration modes were surveyed to investigate their effects on the total nitrogen (T–N) removal performance and energy efficiency. The water temperature was significantly correlated with the decreased velocity of dissolved oxygen (DO); the decreases at 25 and 23°C were 1.4 and 1.2 mg・(L∙hr)−1, respectively. The aeration time required to achieve DO 0 mg・L−1 was more than 6 h. The time required upon restarting to reacquire the DO value observed during aeration was 30 min. It was thought that an aeration period exceeding 3 h was necessary for denitrification. Intermittent aeration times of 3 and 6 h exhibited good biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) values at more than 25°C. However, at water temperatures lower than 20°C, the effluent BOD was approximately 3 times higher, denitrification did not proceed, and the NH4-N concentration became high. The denitrification effect was not able to expect the big effect in comparison with consecutive aeration mode. As a result of this study, we concluded that the most suitable operating conditions for intermittent aeration would employ a 3 h application from December to April, and a 6 h application from May to November. The energy costs were calculated to be 1,120,000 yen∙year−1 based on the most suitable operating conditions. In comparison to the consecutive aeration mode, the energy, environmental, and cost savings with intermittent aeration were calculated to be 38,500 kWh, 15.6t-CO2, and 730,000 yen per year

人工廃水を用いた衛生工学実験の実施と課題

We suggest that using the artificial wastewater for the experiments in sanitary engineering. The wastewater from the septic tank of our college is used on the experiments in sanitary engineering for 4th year students in department of civil engineering. The safety management was concerned for sanitary conditions. Therefore, the artificial wastewater with peptone, NaCl and kaolin was used for the experiments in sanitary engineering. The similar data were obtained at 15 kinds of water quality analysis, when we used the wastewater from the septic tank. However, the difference of NH3-N and PO4-P data were higher as compared with the wastewater from the septic tank data. The method of explanation for the artificial wastewater has to be improve. These results indicate that using the artificial wastewater on the experiments in sanitary engineering has a few improvement

Epidemiology of Infectious Hepatitis 1st. Chapter Epidemiologic Observations for Infectious Hepatitis in Akaiwa District (No. 1)

Since August 1951 to Feb. 1953, there was a great epidemic of serious infectious hepatitis over the area including Toyota, Onoda, Kama villages in Akaiwa County, as well as Kumayama village in wake County; observing its state, the following results were obtained. 1. Death toll has amounted to 13, out of 93 patients: its mortality rate, 13.98%; in number of the patients, Kama at the top, next, Toyoda, Onoda and Kumayama village, in literal order. 2. The epidemic took the direction, from the south extending to the north in a slow march, taking a hamlet as unit, showed a lack of specific seasonal occurence. 3. As to age, it has ranged roughly from 10 to 60, amid which 21-30 figured out as top years; below 10, only 4 cases; above 70, 5 cases. As to sex, almost similar in number. 4. As to profession, principally, farming people; as one can suppose from its locality. In making investigations into the cause of disease. certain consideration must be taken on the great responsibility imposed on farmers' wives. 5. The infection for this disease was classified as village infection or familiary infection; among 22 cases (23.4% of total patients) of familary infection, there were 4 families, each yielding even 3 sickened members; 5 families whose two members taken infection; in total, amnunted to 9 families. Among these tribal infection, report has been submitted about 1 family whose infection tract was clearly traced, as well as a family in which, if man did not expose certain inapparent infections, all cases have proved utterly whimsical. 6. The incubation period for this disease may probably be estimated to be about 24-27 days, if it may be supposed from these infectious state, and would be considered perorale infection