29 research outputs found
Dynamical age of solar wind turbulence in the outer heliosphere
In an evolving turbulent medium, a natural timescale can be defined in terms of the energy decay time. The time evolution may be complicated by other effects such as energy supply due to driving, and spatial inhomogeneity. In the solar wind the turbulence appears not to be simply engaging in free decay, but rather the energy level observed at a particular position in the heliosphere is affected by expansion, âmixing,â and driving by stream shear. Here we discuss a new approach for estimating the âageâ of solar wind turbulence as a function of heliocentric distance, using the local turbulent decay rate as the natural clock, but taking into account expansion and driving effects. The simplified formalism presented here is appropriate to low cross helicity (non-AlfvĂŠnic) turbulence in the outer heliosphere especially at low helio-latitudes. We employ Voyager data to illustrate our method, which improves upon the familiar estimates in terms of local eddy turnover times
HelioSwarm: A Multipoint, Multiscale Mission to Characterize Turbulence
HelioSwarm (HS) is a NASA Medium-Class Explorer mission of the Heliophysics Division designed to explore the dynamic three-dimensional mechanisms controlling the physics of plasma turbulence, a ubiquitous process occurring in the heliosphere and in plasmas throughout the universe. This will be accomplished by making simultaneous measurements at nine spacecraft with separations spanning magnetohydrodynamic and sub-ion spatial scales in a variety of near-Earth plasmas. In this paper, we describe the scientific background for the HS investigation, the mission goals and objectives, the observatory reference trajectory and instrumentation implementation before the start of Phase B. Through multipoint, multiscale measurements, HS promises to reveal how energy is transferred across scales and boundaries in plasmas throughout the universe
Slow Solar Wind Connection Science during Solar Orbiterâs First Close Perihelion Passage
The Slow Solar Wind Connection Solar Orbiter Observing Plan (Slow Wind SOOP) was developed to utilize the extensive suite of remote-sensing and in situ instruments on board the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission to answer significant outstanding questions regarding the origin and formation of the slow solar wind. The Slow Wind SOOP was designed to link remote-sensing and in situ measurements of slow wind originating at openâclosed magnetic field boundaries. The SOOP ran just prior to Solar Orbiterâs first close perihelion passage during two remote-sensing windows (RSW1 and RSW2) between 2022 March 3â6 and 2022 March 17â22, while Solar Orbiter was at respective heliocentric distances of 0.55â0.51 and 0.38â0.34 au from the Sun. Coordinated observation campaigns were also conducted by Hinode and IRIS. The magnetic connectivity tool was used, along with low-latency in situ data and full-disk remote-sensing observations, to guide the target pointing of Solar Orbiter. Solar Orbiter targeted an active region complex during RSW1, the boundary of a coronal hole, and the periphery of a decayed active region during RSW2. Postobservation analysis using the magnetic connectivity tool, along with in situ measurements from MAG and SWA/PAS, showed that slow solar wind originating from two out of three of the target regions arrived at the spacecraft with velocities between âź210 and 600 km sâ1. The Slow Wind SOOP, despite presenting many challenges, was very successful, providing a blueprint for planning future observation campaigns that rely on the magnetic connectivity of Solar Orbiter
J. Tromp, The Assumption of Moses: a Critical Edition with Commentary. Studia in Veteris Testamenti Pseudepigrapha 10. ix + 324Â pp. E.J. Brill, Leiden, New York and KĂln, 1993. 140Â guilders.
J.I. POCK, Sapientia Salomonis: Hieronymus' Exegese des Weisheitsbuches im Licht der Tradition. Dissertationen der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 89. viii + 442 pp. Verlag fĂr die Technische Universität Graz, 1992. ĂS 220, DM 32.
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Critical examination of the Toledoth Jeshu.
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D. SATRAN, Biblical Prophets in Byzantine Palestine: reassessing the Lives of the Prophets. Studia in Veteris Testamenti Pseudepigrapha 11. xi + 150Â pp. E.J. Brill, Leiden, New York and KĂśln, 1995. 90Â guilders.
The Cambridge History of Judaism : V.3. The Early Roman Period
Cambridgexlvi ; 1219 p ; 21 cm ; Illus