757 research outputs found
An evaluation of the vacuum/pressure moisturization technique of seed grains and oilseeds
Non-Peer Reviewe
d- Versus l-Glucose Conjugation: Mitochondrial Targeting of a Light-Activated Dual-Mode-of-Action Ruthenium-Based Anticancer Prodrug
Metals in Catalysis, Biomimetics & Inorganic Material
Theoretical consideration of pits recording and etching processes in chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors
We propose theoretical consideration and computer modeling of information pit
recording and etching processes in chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors. We
demonstrate how to record and develop information pits with the necessary shape
and sizes in chalcogenide photoresists using gaussian laser beam and selective
etching. It has been shown that phototransformed region cross-section could be
almost trapezoidal or parabolic depending on the photoresist material optical
absorption, recording beam power, exposure, etchant selectivity and etching
time. After illumination, the spatial distribution of photo-transformed
material fraction was calculated using the Kolmogorov-Awrami equation.
Analyzing obtained results, we derived a rather simple approximate analytical
expression for the dependence of the photo-transformed region width and depth
on the recording gaussian beam power, radius and exposure time. Then the
selective etching process was simulated numerically. The obtained results
quantitatively describes the characteristics of pits recorded by the gaussian
laser beam in thin layers of As40S60 chalcogenide semiconductor.Comment: 14 pages, 1 scheme, 9 figure
Selective Preparation of a Heteroleptic Cyclometallated Ruthenium Complex Capable of Undergoing Photosubstitution of a Bidentate Ligand
Cyclometallated ruthenium complexes typically exhibit redâshifted absorption bands and lower photolability compared to their polypyridyl analogues. They also have lower symmetry, which sometimes makes their synthesis challenging. In this work, the coordination of four N,S bidentate ligands, 3â(methylthio)propylamine (mtpa), 2â(methylthio)ethylamine (mtea), 2â(methylthio)ethylâ2âpyridine (mtep), and 2â(methylthio)methylpyridine (mtmp), to the cyclometallated precursor [Ru(bpy)(phpy)(CH3CN)2]+ (bpy=2,2âČâbipyridine, Hphpy=2âphenylpyridine) has been investigated, furnishing the corresponding heteroleptic complexes [Ru(bpy)(phpy)(N,S)]PF6 ([2]PF6â[5]PF6, respectively). The stereoselectivity of the synthesis strongly depended on the size of the ring formed by the Ruâcoordinated N,S ligand, with [2]PF6 and [4]PF6 being formed stereoselectively, but [3]PF6 and [5]PF6 being obtained as mixtures of inseparable isomers. The exact stereochemistry of the airâstable complex [4]PF6 was established by a combination of DFT, 2D NMR, and singleâcrystal Xâray crystallographic studies. Finally, [4]PF6 was found to be photosubstitutionally active under irradiation with green light in acetonitrile, which makes it the first cyclometallated ruthenium complex capable of undergoing selective photosubstitution of a bidentate ligand.Metals in Catalysis, Biomimetics & Inorganic Material
A Red-Light-Activated Ruthenium-Caged NAMPT Inhibitor Remains Phototoxic in Hypoxic Cancer Cells
Metals in Catalysis, Biomimetics & Inorganic Material
On the algebraic K-theory of the complex K-theory spectrum
Let p>3 be a prime, let ku be the connective complex K-theory spectrum, and
let K(ku) be the algebraic K-theory spectrum of ku. We study the p-primary
homotopy type of the spectrum K(ku) by computing its mod (p,v_1) homotopy
groups. We show that up to a finite summand, these groups form a finitely
generated free module over a polynomial algebra F_p[b], where b is a class of
degree 2p+2 defined as a higher Bott element.Comment: Revised and expanded version, 42 pages
Anisotropic splitting of intersubband spin plasmons in quantum wells with bulk and structural inversion asymmetry
In semiconductor heterostructures, bulk and structural inversion asymmetry
and spin-orbit coupling induce a k-dependent spin splitting of valence and
conduction subbands, which can be viewed as being caused by momentum-dependent
crystal magnetic fields. This paper studies the influence of these effective
magnetic fields on the intersubband spin dynamics in an asymmetric n-type
GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well. We calculate the dispersions of intersubband spin
plasmons using linear response theory. The so-called D'yakonov-Perel'
decoherence mechanism is inactive for collective intersubband excitations,
i.e., crystal magnetic fields do not lead to decoherence of spin plasmons.
Instead, we predict that the main signature of bulk and structural inversion
asymmetry in intersubband spin dynamics is a three-fold, anisotropic splitting
of the spin plasmon dispersion. The importance of many-body effects is pointed
out, and conditions for experimental observation with inelastic light
scattering are discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
Intersubband spin-density excitations in quantum wells with Rashba spin splitting
In inversion-asymmetric semiconductors, spin-orbit coupling induces a
k-dependent spin splitting of valence and conduction bands, which is a
well-known cause for spin decoherence in bulk and heterostructures.
Manipulating nonequilibrium spin coherence in device applications thus requires
understanding how valence and conduction band spin splitting affects carrier
spin dynamics. This paper studies the relevance of this decoherence mechanism
for collective intersubband spin-density excitations (SDEs) in quantum wells. A
density-functional formalism for the linear spin-density matrix response is
presented that describes SDEs in the conduction band of quantum wells with
subbands that may be non-parabolic and spin-split due to bulk or structural
inversion asymmetry (Rashba effect). As an example, we consider a 40 nm
GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well, including Rashba spin splitting of the conduction
subbands. We find a coupling and wavevector-dependent splitting of the
longitudinal and transverse SDEs. However, decoherence of the SDEs is not
determined by subband spin splitting, due to collective effects arising from
dynamical exchange and correlation.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Effect of short-term versus long-term grassland management and seasonal variation in organic and conventional dairy farming on the composition of bulk tank milk
Bulk tank milk from 28 dairy farms was sampled every second month for 2 yr to assess the effects of grassland management, production system and season on milk fatty acid (FA) composition, concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins, Se, and milk sensory quality. Grassland management varied in terms of time since establishment. Short-term grassland management (SG) was defined as establishment or reseeding every fourth year or more often, and long-term grassland management (LG) was defined as less frequent establishment or reseeding. Fourteen organic (ORG) dairy farms with either short-term or long-term grassland management were paired with 14 conventional (CON) farms with respect to grassland management. Within ORG farms, SG farms differed from LG farms in herbage botanical composition, but not in concentrate FA concentrations, dry matter intake, or milk yield. Within CON farms, herbage composition, concentrate FA concentrations, dry matter intake, and milk yield showed no or insignificant variations. The ORG farms differed from CON farms in herbage botanical composition, concentrate FA concentrations, concentrate intake, and milk yield. Compared with ORG-LG farms, ORG-SG farms produced milk fat with higher proportions of C10:0 and C12:0 associated with higher herbage proportions of legumes (Fabaceae) and lower proportions of other dicotyledon families. Compared with milk from CON farms, milk fat from ORG farms had higher proportions of most saturated FA and all n-3 FA, but lower proportions of C18:0 and C18:1 cis-9 associated with higher forage proportion and differences in concentrations of FA in concentrates. Compared with the outdoor-feeding periods, the indoor feeding periods yielded milk fat with higher proportions of most short-chain and medium-chain FA and lower proportions of most C18-FA associated with grazing and higher forage proportions. Milk concentrations of α-tocopherol and ÎČ-carotene were lower during the grazing periods. Inclusion of fishmeal in organic concentrates may explain higher Se concentrations in organically produced milk. Milk sensory quality was not affected in this study. In conclusion, grassland management had minor effects on milk composition, and differences between ORG farms and CON farms may be explained by differences in concentrate intake and concentrate FA concentrations. Milk produced on ORG farms versus CON farms and milk produced during the outdoor versus indoor feeding periods had potential health benefits due to FA composition. In contrast, the higher milk-fat proportions of saturated FA in milk from ORG farms may be perceived as negative for human health
Magnetic Field Amplification in Galaxy Clusters and its Simulation
We review the present theoretical and numerical understanding of magnetic
field amplification in cosmic large-scale structure, on length scales of galaxy
clusters and beyond. Structure formation drives compression and turbulence,
which amplify tiny magnetic seed fields to the microGauss values that are
observed in the intracluster medium. This process is intimately connected to
the properties of turbulence and the microphysics of the intra-cluster medium.
Additional roles are played by merger induced shocks that sweep through the
intra-cluster medium and motions induced by sloshing cool cores. The accurate
simulation of magnetic field amplification in clusters still poses a serious
challenge for simulations of cosmological structure formation. We review the
current literature on cosmological simulations that include magnetic fields and
outline theoretical as well as numerical challenges.Comment: 60 pages, 19 Figure
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