Dictionaries as Sources of Folklore Data

Roper, Jonathan (ed.): Dictionaries as Sources of Folklore Data. Folklore Fellows Communications 321. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 2020, 246 p.Roper, Jonathan (ed.): Dictionaries as Sources of Folklore Data. Folklore Fellows Communications 321. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 2020, 246 p

Book review: Revolutionary France’s War of Conquest in the Rhineland: Conquering the Natural Frontier, 1792-1797 by Jordan R. Hayworth

Based on: Hayworth Jordan R., Revolutionary France’s War of Conquest in the Rhineland: Conquering the Natural Frontier, 1792-1797, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2019; xviii + 340 pp.: 978-1-108-49745-9, £90.00 (hbk

Permanent and live load model for probabilistic structural fire analysis : a review

Probabilistic analysis is receiving increased attention from fire engineers, assessment bodies and researchers. It is however often unclear which probabilistic models are appropriate for the analysis. For example, in probabilistic structural fire engineering, the models used to describe the permanent and live load differ widely between studies. Through a literature review, it is observed that these diverging load models largely relate to the same underlying datasets and basic methodologies, while differences can be attributed (largely) to specific assumptions in different background papers which have become consolidated through repeated use in application studies by different researchers. Taking into account the uncovered background information, consolidated probabilistic load models are proposed

Des villes en guerre au XVIIIe siècle : les villes bretonnes face à la menace britannique (v. 1689-v. 1783)

Au XVIIIe siècle, alors que les conflits militaires se déroulent en dehors du territoire français, ne menaçant guère que ses frontières, le littoral breton demeure périodiquement dans la crainte des attaques britanniques. Toutes les villes de Bretagne sont susceptibles de contribuer à la défense côtière mais seules quelques-unes – parmi lesquelles les principaux ports de la province – sont réellement menacées, même si des rumeurs infondées sèment à l’occasion la panique à Nantes ou Rennes. En situation d’alerte, les responsables municipaux et la population prennent, en accord avec les autorités militaires, des mesures défensives allant de la collecte des informations à une mobilisation de la milice bourgeoise en armes. Lorsque survient un siège, comme à Lorient en 1746, la prééminence revient à l’armée réglée, contrainte néanmoins, compte tenu de sa faible importance numérique, d’associer la population à la défense de la cité, qu’il s’agisse des citadins mais également des ruraux des environs. Assurément, l’état d’esprit des populations urbaines du littoral breton est particulier, sans traduire, cependant, un patriotisme exacerbé.For the most part, during the eighteenth century, military conflict took place outside French territory, barely threatening even its frontiers: however, over this same period, the Breton littoral remained under periodic threat of British attack. All the towns of the province might contribute to the defence of the coast but only a few - including the principle ports of Brittany - were really at risk (although unfounded rumours could spread panic as far as Nantes or Rennes). In times of danger, the municipality and the urban populations, with the agreement of the military authorities, would take defensive measures ranging from the gathering of information to the mobilisation of the civic militia under arms. When a town underwent a regular siege, as happened at Lorient in 1746, decision-making reverted to the regular army, although, as a consequence of lack of manpower, it was obliged to co-opt the general population into the defence of the city, whether these be urbanites or surrounding rural dwellers. In consequence of this continuing threat, and the preparations made for it, the urban population of the Breton coast had a heightened sense of awareness of military and political events; however, this did not translate into overweening patriotism

La bataille de Saint-Cast (1758) et sa mémoire : une mythologie bretonne

La très modeste victoire de Saint-Cast, remportée le 11 septembre 1758 sur des troupes britanniques en cours de rembarquement, prend au cours du xixe siècle dans l’historiographie bretonne une importance sans grand rapport avec l’impact réel de la bataille sur le cours de la guerre de Sept Ans. Historiens et érudits participent alors à la construction d’une sorte de « mythologie » régionale/nationale. Celle-ci s’articule autour de trois épisodes : l’appropriation bretonne de l’événement « Saint-Cast », la disqualification du héros initial, allochtone, qu’est le duc d’Aiguillon, enfin l’effort en vue de la construction d’un nouveau héros, autochtone celui-là, Rioust des Villes-Audrain.The victory won by the French army at Saint-Cast on the 11 September 1758 over a British expeditionary force was modest, but it took on a significance in Breton nineteenth-century historiography which had little relation to the real impact of the battle on the course of the Seven Years’ War. Historians and local scholars joined forces to construct a kind of regional, one might even say ‘national’, mythology about the battle. This mythology developed around three episodes: the Breton appropriation of the Saint-Cast “event”; the disqualification of the initial hero, the Duke d’Aiguillon, considered an but “outsider”; and finally the creation of a new “insider” hero, Rioust des Villes-Audrain

Human Factors Certification of Advanced Aviation Technologies

Proceedings of the Human Factors Certification of Advanced Aviation Technologies Conference held at the Chateau de Bonas, near Toulouse, France, 19-23 July 1993

Diagnostics and treatments of COVID-19: two-year update to a living systematic review of economic evaluations

Objectives: As the initial crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic recedes, healthcare decision makers are likely to want to make rational evidence-guided choices between the many interventions now available. We sought to update a systematic review to provide an up-to-date summary of the cost-effectiveness evidence regarding tests for SARS-CoV-2 and treatments for COVID-19.Methods: Key databases, including MEDLINE, EconLit and Embase, were searched on 3 July 2023, 2 years on from the first iteration of this review in July 2021. We also examined health technology assessment (HTA) reports and the citations of included studies and reviews. Peer-reviewed studies reporting full health economic evaluations of tests or treatments in English were included. Studies were quality assessed using an established checklist, and those with very serious limitations were excluded. Data from included studies were extracted into predefined tables.Results: The database search identified 8,287 unique records, of which 54 full texts were reviewed, 28 proceeded for quality assessment, and 15 were included. Three further studies were included through HTA sources and citation checking. Of the 18 studies ultimately included, 17 evaluated treatments including corticosteroids, antivirals and immunotherapies. In most studies, the comparator was standard care. Two studies in lower-income settings evaluated the cost effectiveness of rapid antigen tests and critical care provision. There were 17 modelling analyses and 1 trial-based evaluation.Conclusion: A large number of economic evaluations of interventions for COVID-19 have been published since July 2021. Their findings can help decision makers to prioritise between competing interventions, such as the repurposed antivirals and immunotherapies now available to treat COVID-19. However, some evidence gaps remain present, including head-to-head analyses, disease-specific utility values, and consideration of different disease variants.Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021272219], identifier [PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021272219]

Non-steroidal or opioid analgesia use for children with musculoskeletal injuries (the No OUCH study): statistical analysis plan.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric musculoskeletal injuries cause moderate to severe pain, which should ideally be addressed upon arrival to the emergency department (ED). Despite extensive research in ED-based pediatric pain treatment, recent studies confirm that pain management in this setting remains suboptimal. The No OUCH study consist of two complementary, randomized, placebo-controlled trials that will run simultaneously for patients presenting to the ED with an acute limb injury and a self-reported pain score of at least 5/10, measured via a verbal numerical rating scale (vNRS). Caregiver/parent choice will determine whether patients are randomized to the two-arm or three-arm trial. In the two-arm trial, patients will be randomized to receive either ibuprofen alone or ibuprofen in combination with acetaminophen. In the three-arm trial, patients can also be randomized to a third arm where they would receive ibuprofen in combination with hydromorphone. This article details the statistical analysis plan for the No OUCH study and was submitted before the trial outcomes were available for analysis. METHODS/DESIGN: The primary endpoint of the No OUCH study is self-reported pain at 60 min, recorded using a vNRS. The principal safety outcome is the presence of any adverse event related to study drug administration. Secondary effectiveness endpoints include pain measurements using the Faces Pain Scale-Revised and the visual analog scale, time to effective analgesia, requirement of a rescue analgesic, missed fractures, and observed pain reduction using different definitions of successful analgesia. Secondary safety outcomes include sedation measured using the Ramsay Sedation Score and serious adverse events. Finally, the No OUCH study investigates the reasons given by the caregiver for selecting the two-arm (Non-Opioid) or three-arm (Opioid) trial, caregiver satisfaction, physician preferences for analgesics, and caregiver comfort with at-home pain management. DISCUSSION: The No OUCH study will inform the relative effectiveness of acetaminophen and hydromorphone, in combination with ibuprofen, and ibuprofen alone as analgesic agents for patients presenting to the ED with an acute musculoskeletal injury. The data from these trials will be analyzed in accordance with this statistical analysis plan. This will reduce the risk of producing data-driven results and bias in our reported outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03767933 . Registered on December 7, 2018