Optimizing the Vacuum Growth of Epitaxial Graphene on 6H-SiC

Multilayer epitaxial graphene has been grown on the Si-face of 6H-SiC on-axis commercial substrates under high vacuum conditions and at growth temperatures up to 1900 °C, utilizing the standard sublimation growth technique and a modified SiC rapid thermal annealing system which allows for excellent control of heating and cooling ramp rates. The peak growth temperature and total growth time during the graphene growth step, along with the temperature of the initial substrate etch step, were all systematically varied in order to ascertain their effect on the formation of epitaxial graphene films on the SiC surface. Modifying the substrate etch temperature was found to have a significant impact on the morphology of the SiC substrate, with a uniform step structure only developing across the surface within a narrow temperature band. Furthermore, changing the values of the peak temperature or the growth time during the growth step were both shown to have a large effect on the resultant materials properties of the graphene films.</jats:p

Single-Ion Implantation for the Development of Si-Based MOSFET Devices with Quantum Functionalities

Interest in single-ion implantation is driven in part by research into development of solid-state devices that exhibit quantum behaviour in their electronic or optical characteristics. Here, we provide an overview of international research work on single ion implantation and single ion detection for development of electronic devices for quantum computing. The scope of international research into single ion implantation is presented in the context of our own research in the Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology in Australia. Various single ion detection schemes are presented, and limitations on dopant placement accuracy due to ion straggling are discussed together with pathways for scale-up to multiple quantum devices on the one chip. Possible future directions for ion implantation in quantum computing and communications are also discussed

Application of penetrators within the solar system

About the book: This invaluable volume set of Advances in Geosciences continues the excellent tradition of the Asia-Oceania scientific community in providing the most up-to-date research results on a wide range of geosciences and environmental science. The information is vital to the understanding of the effects of climate change, extreme weathers on the most populated regions and fastest moving economies in the world. Besides, these volumes also highlight original papers from many prestigious research institutions which are doing cutting edge study in atmospheric physics, hydrological science and water resource, ocean science and coastal study, planetary exploration and solar system science, seismology, tsunamis, upper atmospheric physics and space science

PDBe-KB: collaboratively defining the biological context of structural data

none71: The Protein Data Bank in Europe - Knowledge Base (PDBe-KB, https://pdbe-kb.org) is an open collaboration between world-leading specialist data resources contributing functional and biophysical annotations derived from or relevant to the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The goal of PDBe-KB is to place macromolecular structure data in their biological context by developing standardised data exchange formats and integrating functional annotations from the contributing partner resources into a knowledge graph that can provide valuable biological insights. Since we described PDBe-KB in 2019, there have been significant improvements in the variety of available annotation data sets and user functionality. Here, we provide an overview of the consortium, highlighting the addition of annotations such as predicted covalent binders, phosphorylation sites, effects of mutations on the protein structure and energetic local frustration. In addition, we describe a library of reusable web-based visualisation components and introduce new features such as a bulk download data service and a novel superposition service that generates clusters of superposed protein chains weekly for the whole PDB archive.noneVaradi, Mihaly; Anyango, Stephen; Armstrong, David; Berrisford, John; Choudhary, Preeti; Deshpande, Mandar; Nadzirin, Nurul; Nair, Sreenath S; Pravda, Lukas; Tanweer, Ahsan; Al-Lazikani, Bissan; Andreini, Claudia; Barton, Geoffrey J; Bednar, David; Berka, Karel; Blundell, Tom; Brock, Kelly P; Carazo, Jose Maria; Damborsky, Jiri; David, Alessia; Dey, Sucharita; Dunbrack, Roland; Recio, Juan Fernandez; Fraternali, Franca; Gibson, Toby; Helmer-Citterich, Manuela; Hoksza, David; Hopf, Thomas; Jakubec, David; Kannan, Natarajan; Krivak, Radoslav; Kumar, Manjeet; Levy, Emmanuel D; London, Nir; Macias, Jose Ramon; Srivatsan, Madhusudhan M; Marks, Debora S; Martens, Lennart; McGowan, Stuart A; McGreig, Jake E; Modi, Vivek; Parra, R Gonzalo; Pepe, Gerardo; Piovesan, Damiano; Prilusky, Jaime; Putignano, Valeria; Radusky, Leandro G; Ramasamy, Pathmanaban; Rausch, Atilio O; Reuter, Nathalie; Rodriguez, Luis A; Rollins, Nathan J; Rosato, Antonio; Rubach, Paweł; Serrano, Luis; Singh, Gulzar; Skoda, Petr; Sorzano, Carlos Oscar S; Stourac, Jan; Sulkowska, Joanna I; Svobodova, Radka; Tichshenko, Natalia; Tosatto, Silvio C E; Vranken, Wim; Wass, Mark N; Xue, Dandan; Zaidman, Daniel; Thornton, Janet; Sternberg, Michael; Orengo, Christine; Velankar, SameerVaradi, Mihaly; Anyango, Stephen; Armstrong, David; Berrisford, John; Choudhary, Preeti; Deshpande, Mandar; Nadzirin, Nurul; Nair, Sreenath S; Pravda, Lukas; Tanweer, Ahsan; Al-Lazikani, Bissan; Andreini, Claudia; Barton, Geoffrey J; Bednar, David; Berka, Karel; Blundell, Tom; Brock, Kelly P; Carazo, Jose Maria; Damborsky, Jiri; David, Alessia; Dey, Sucharita; Dunbrack, Roland; Recio, Juan Fernandez; Fraternali, Franca; Gibson, Toby; Helmer-Citterich, Manuela; Hoksza, David; Hopf, Thomas; Jakubec, David; Kannan, Natarajan; Krivak, Radoslav; Kumar, Manjeet; Levy, Emmanuel D; London, Nir; Macias, Jose Ramon; Srivatsan, Madhusudhan M; Marks, Debora S; Martens, Lennart; Mcgowan, Stuart A; Mcgreig, Jake E; Modi, Vivek; Parra, R Gonzalo; Pepe, Gerardo; Piovesan, Damiano; Prilusky, Jaime; Putignano, Valeria; Radusky, Leandro G; Ramasamy, Pathmanaban; Rausch, Atilio O; Reuter, Nathalie; Rodriguez, Luis A; Rollins, Nathan J; Rosato, Antonio; Rubach, Paweł; Serrano, Luis; Singh, Gulzar; Skoda, Petr; Sorzano, Carlos Oscar S; Stourac, Jan; Sulkowska, Joanna I; Svobodova, Radka; Tichshenko, Natalia; Tosatto, Silvio C E; Vranken, Wim; Wass, Mark N; Xue, Dandan; Zaidman, Daniel; Thornton, Janet; Sternberg, Michael; Orengo, Christine; Velankar, Samee