5,496 research outputs found
2D and 3D Dense-Fluid Shear Flows via Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics. Comparison of Time-and-Space-Averaged Tensor Temperature and Normal Stresses from Doll's, Sllod, and Boundary-Driven Shear Algorithms
Homogeneous shear flows (with constant strainrate du/dy) are generated with
the Doll's and Sllod algorithms and compared to corresponding inhomogeneous
boundary-driven flows. We use one-, two-, and three-dimensional smooth-particle
weight functions for computing instantaneous spatial averages. The nonlinear
stress differences are small, but significant, in both two and three space
dimensions. In homogeneous systems the sign and magnitude of the shearplane
stress difference, P(xx) - P(yy), depend on both the thermostat type and the
chosen shearflow algorithm. The Doll's and Sllod algorithms predict opposite
signs for this stress difference, with the Sllod approach definitely wrong, but
somewhat closer to the (boundary-driven) truth. Neither of the homogeneous
shear algorithms predicts the correct ordering of the kinetic temperatures,
T(xx) > T(zz) > T(yy).Comment: 34 pages with 12 figures, under consideration by Physical Review
Microscopic and Macroscopic Stress with Gravitational and Rotational Forces
Many recent papers have questioned Irving and Kirkwood's atomistic expression
for stress. In Irving and Kirkwood's approach both interatomic forces and
atomic velocities contribute to stress. It is the velocity-dependent part that
has been disputed. To help clarify this situation we investigate [1] a fluid in
a gravitational field and [2] a steadily rotating solid. For both problems we
choose conditions where the two stress contributions, potential and kinetic,
are significant. The analytic force-balance solutions of both these problems
agree very well with a smooth-particle interpretation of the atomistic
Irving-Kirkwood stress tensor.Comment: Fifteen pages with seven figures, revised according to referees'
suggestions at Physical Review E. See also Liu and Qiu's arXiv contribution
0810.080
Nonlinear Stresses and Temperatures in Transient Adiabatic and Shear Flows via Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics -- Three Definitions of Temperature
We compare nonlinear stresses and temperatures for adiabatic shear flows,
using up to 262,144 particles, with those from corresponding homogeneous and
inhomogeneous flows. Two varieties of kinetic temperature tensors are compared
to the configurational temperatures. This comparison leads to an improved form
for the local and instantaneous smooth-particle averaged stream velocity and to
a recognition of rotational contributions to the configurational temperature.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, stimulated by Denis Evans' comments on Hoover et
alii, Physical Review E 78, 046701 (2008). Augmented 30 January 2009 in
response to referees' comments at Physical Review
Remarks on NonHamiltonian Statistical Mechanics: Lyapunov Exponents and Phase-Space Dimensionality Loss
The dissipation associated with nonequilibrium flow processes is reflected by
the formation of strange attractor distributions in phase space. The
information dimension of these attractors is less than that of the equilibrium
phase space, corresponding to the extreme rarity of nonequilibrium states. Here
we take advantage of a simple model for heat conduction to demonstrate that the
nonequilibrium dimensionality loss can definitely exceed the number of
phase-space dimensions required to thermostat an otherwise Hamiltonian system.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, minor typos correcte
Time-reversed symmetry and covariant Lyapunov vectors for simple particle models in and out of thermal equilibrium
Recently, a new algorithm for the computation of covariant Lyapunov vectors
and of corresponding local Lyapunov exponents has become available. Here we
study the properties of these still unfamiliar quantities for a number of
simple models, including an harmonic oscillator coupled to a thermal gradient
with a two-stage thermostat, which leaves the system ergodic and fully time
reversible. We explicitly demonstrate how time-reversal invariance affects the
perturbation vectors in tangent space and the associated local Lyapunov
exponents. We also find that the local covariant exponents vary discontinuously
along directions transverse to the phase flow.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures submitted to Physical Review E, 201
Lyapunov instability for a periodic Lorentz gas thermostated by deterministic scattering
In recent work a deterministic and time-reversible boundary thermostat called
thermostating by deterministic scattering has been introduced for the periodic
Lorentz gas [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 84}, 4268 (2000)]. Here we assess the
nonlinear properties of this new dynamical system by numerically calculating
its Lyapunov exponents. Based on a revised method for computing Lyapunov
exponents, which employs periodic orthonormalization with a constraint, we
present results for the Lyapunov exponents and related quantities in
equilibrium and nonequilibrium. Finally, we check whether we obtain the same
relations between quantities characterizing the microscopic chaotic dynamics
and quantities characterizing macroscopic transport as obtained for
conventional deterministic and time-reversible bulk thermostats.Comment: 18 pages (revtex), 7 figures (postscript
Steady-state conduction in self-similar billiards
The self-similar Lorentz billiard channel is a spatially extended
deterministic dynamical system which consists of an infinite one-dimensional
sequence of cells whose sizes increase monotonically according to their
indices. This special geometry induces a nonequilibrium stationary state with
particles flowing steadily from the small to the large scales. The
corresponding invariant measure has fractal properties reflected by the
phase-space contraction rate of the dynamics restricted to a single cell with
appropriate boundary conditions. In the near-equilibrium limit, we find
numerical agreement between this quantity and the entropy production rate as
specified by thermodynamics
INCORPORATION OF QUANTUM STATISTICAL FEATURES IN MOLECULAR DYNAMICS
We formulate a method for incorporating quantum fluctuations into molecular-
dynamics simulations of many-body systems, such as those employed for energetic
nuclear collision processes. Based on Fermi's Golden Rule, we allow spontaneous
transitions to occur between the wave packets which are not energy eigenstates.
The ensuing diffusive evolution in the space of the wave packet parameters
exhibits appealing physical properties, including relaxation towards quantum-
statistical equilibrium.Comment: 8 latex pages + 1 uuencoded ps figur
Evaluation of techniques for removal of spacecraft contaminants from activated carbon
Alternative techniques for the regeneration of carbon contaminated with various spacecraft contaminants were evaluated. Four different modes of regeneration were evaluated: (1) thermal desorption via vacuum, (2) thermal desorption via nitrogen purge, (3) in-situ catalytic oxidation of adsorbed contaminants, and (4) in-situ non-catalytic oxidation of adsorbed contaminants
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