109 research outputs found
Right hydrothorax misconceived as atelectasis after left internal jugular vein catheterization -A case report-
Central vein catheterization is a common procedure for monitoring the central venous pressure, securing vascular access, administrating vasoactive drugs and removing air embolisms. However, many complications can occur, such as vessel injury, pneumothorax, hydrothorax, nerve injury, arrhythmia and infection at the insertion site. We encountered an unusual complication of a localized right hydrothorax that was initially misinterpreted as an atelectasis after left internal jugular vein catheterization and right lateral positioning for a left lower lobectomy
Evaluation of a Laser Altimeter using the Pseudo-Random Noise Modulation Technique for Apophis Mission
Apophis is a near-Earth object with a diameter of approximately 340 m, which will come closer to the Earth than a geostationary
orbit in 2029, offering a unique opportunity for characterizing the object during the upcoming encounter. Therefore, Korea
Astronomy and Space Science Institute has a plan to propose a space mission to explore the Apophis asteroid using scientific
instruments such as a laser altimeter. In this study, we evaluate the performance metrics of a laser altimeter using a pseudorandom
noise modulation technique for the Apophis mission, in terms of detection probability and ranging accuracy. The
closed-form expression of detection probability is provided using the cross correlation between the received pulse trains and
pseudo-random binary sequence. And the new ranging accuracy model using Gaussian error propagation is also derived
by considering the sampling rate. The operation range is significantly limited by thermal noise rather than background
noise, owing to not only the low power laser but also the avalanche photodiode in the analog mode operation. However, it
is demonstrated from the numerical simulation that the laser altimeter can achieve the ranging performance required for a
proximity operation mode, which employs commercially available components onboard CubeSat-scale satellites for optical
communications
One Small Step for Generative AI, One Giant Leap for AGI: A Complete Survey on ChatGPT in AIGC Era
OpenAI has recently released GPT-4 (a.k.a. ChatGPT plus), which is
demonstrated to be one small step for generative AI (GAI), but one giant leap
for artificial general intelligence (AGI). Since its official release in
November 2022, ChatGPT has quickly attracted numerous users with extensive
media coverage. Such unprecedented attention has also motivated numerous
researchers to investigate ChatGPT from various aspects. According to Google
scholar, there are more than 500 articles with ChatGPT in their titles or
mentioning it in their abstracts. Considering this, a review is urgently
needed, and our work fills this gap. Overall, this work is the first to survey
ChatGPT with a comprehensive review of its underlying technology, applications,
and challenges. Moreover, we present an outlook on how ChatGPT might evolve to
realize general-purpose AIGC (a.k.a. AI-generated content), which will be a
significant milestone for the development of AGI.Comment: A Survey on ChatGPT and GPT-4, 29 pages. Feedback is appreciated
([email protected]
Drug Attitude and Adherence to Anti-Glaucoma Medication
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess patient attitudes towards anti-glaucoma medication and their association with adherence, visual quality of life, and personality traits.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-seven glaucoma patients were enrolled this study. The participants were divided into 'pharmacophobic' and 'pharmacophilic' groups according to their scores on the Modified Glaucoma Drug Attitude Inventory (MG-DAI). To establish a correlation with patient drug attitude, each group had their subjective drug adherence, visual quality of life, and personality traits examined. For personality traits, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was used to sub-classify each group.
RESULTS: Among the patients analyzed, 91 (72.80%) patients showed a 'pharmacophobic' attitude and 34 (27.20%) patients showed a 'pharmacophilic' attitude. The pharmacophobic group tended to have worse adherence than the pharmacophilic group. Personality dichotomies from the MBTI also showed different patterns for each group.
CONCLUSION: In glaucoma patients, pharmacological adherence was influenced by their attitude towards drugs; an association might exist between drug attitude and underlying personality traits.ope
Sublingual Immunization with M2-Based Vaccine Induces Broad Protective Immunity against Influenza
The ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza A virus is a rationale target antigen candidate for the development of a universal vaccine against influenza as M2e undergoes little sequence variation amongst human influenza A strains. Vaccine-induced M2e-specific antibodies (Abs) have been shown to display significant cross-protective activity in animal models. M2e-based vaccine constructs have been shown to be more protective when administered by the intranasal (i.n.) route than after parenteral injection. However, i.n. administration of vaccines poses rare but serious safety issues associated with retrograde passage of inhaled antigens and adjuvants through the olfactory epithelium. In this study, we examined whether the sublingual (s.l.) route could serve as a safe and effective alternative mucosal delivery route for administering a prototype M2e-based vaccine. The mechanism whereby s.l. immunization with M2e vaccine candidate induces broad protection against infection with different influenza virus subtypes was explored.A recombinant M2 protein with three tandem copies of the M2e (3M2eC) was expressed in Escherichia coli. Parenteral immunizations of mice with 3M2eC induced high levels of M2e-specific serum Abs but failed to provide complete protection against lethal challenge with influenza virus. In contrast, s.l. immunization with 3M2eC was superior for inducing protection in mice. In the latter animals, protection was associated with specific Ab responses in the lungs.The results demonstrate that s.l. immunization with 3M2eC vaccine induced airway mucosal immune responses along with broad cross-protective immunity to influenza. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the M2-based vaccine approach to control epidemic and pandemic influenza infections
An elevated likelihood of stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure in individuals with gout: a longitudinal follow-up study utilizing the National Health Information database in Korea
ObjectiveAccumulating evidence from other countries indicates potential associations between gout and cardiovascular diseases; however, the associations of gout with cardiovascular diseases, particularly stroke, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure, remain ambiguous in the Korean population. We hypothesized that individuals with gout are at a higher likelihood of stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure. This study expands upon previous research by ensuring a comparable baseline between patient and control groups and analyzing 16 years of data derived from an extensive healthcare database.MethodsWe selected 22,480 patients with gout and 22,480 control individuals from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort database (2002–2019), and matched them at a 1:1 ratio according to sex, age, income, and residence. A Cox proportional hazard model with weighted overlap was employed to examine the relationship between gout and the risk of stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure after adjustment for several covariates.ResultsThe incidences of stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure in participants with gout were slightly higher than those in controls (stroke: 9.84 vs. 8.41 per 1000 person-years; ischemic heart disease: 9.77 vs. 7.15 per 1000 person-years; heart failure: 2.47 vs. 1.46 per 1000 person-years). After adjustment, the gout group had an 11% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.19), 28% (95% CI = 1.19–1.37), or 64% (95% CI = 1.41–1.91) higher likelihood of experiencing stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure, respectively, than the control group.ConclusionThe present findings suggest that individuals with gout in the Korean population, particularly those aged ≥ 60 years, were more likely to have stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure
Predicting the Solubility of 1,1-Difluoroethane in Polystyrene Using the Perturbed Soft Chain Theory
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