Protecting Entanglement of Two V-type Atoms in Dissipative Cavity by Dipole-Dipole Interaction

In this work, we study a coupled system of two V-type atoms interacting with a dissipative single-mode cavity, which couples with an external environment. Firstly, in order to diagonalize Hamiltonian of dissipative cavity, we introduce a set of new creation and annihilation operators according to theorem Fano. Then, we obtain the analytical solution of this model by solving the time dependent Schrodinger equation. We also discuss in detail the influences of the cavity-environment coupling, the SGI parameter, the initial state and the dipole-dipole interaction between the two atoms on entanglement dynamics. The results show that, with the SGI parameter increasing, the entanglement will decay quicker for the initially maximal entangled state but it will decay slower for the initially partial entangled state. For the initially product state, the larger the SGI parameter, the more entanglement will be generated. The strong coupling can protect entanglement to some extent, but the dipole-dipole interaction can significantly protect entanglement. Moreover, the dipole-dipole interaction can not only generate entanglement very effectively, but also enhance the regulation effect of {\theta} on entanglement for the initially partial entangled and product states.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure

Gut microbiome variation modulates the effects of dietary fiber on host metabolism

Background: There is general consensus that consumption of dietary fermentable fiber improves cardiometabolic health, in part by promoting mutualistic microbes and by increasing production of beneficial metabolites in the distal gut. However, human studies have reported variations in the observed benefits among individuals consuming the same fiber. Several factors likely contribute to this variation, including host genetic and gut microbial differences. We hypothesized that gut microbial metabolism of dietary fiber represents an important and differential factor that modulates how dietary fiber impacts the host. Results: We examined genetically identical gnotobiotic mice harboring two distinct complex gut microbial communities and exposed to four isocaloric diets, each containing different fibers: (i) cellulose, (ii) inulin, (iii) pectin, (iv) a mix of 5 fermentable fibers (assorted fiber). Gut microbiome analysis showed that each transplanted community preserved a core of common taxa across diets that differentiated it from the other community, but there were variations in richness and bacterial taxa abundance within each community among the different diet treatments. Host epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolomic analyses revealed diet-directed differences between animals colonized with the two communities, including variation in amino acids and lipid pathways that were associated with divergent health outcomes. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that interindividual variation in the gut microbiome is causally linked to differential effects of dietary fiber on host metabolic phenotypes and suggests that a one-fits-all fiber supplementation approach to promote health is unlikely to elicit consistent effects across individuals. Overall, the presented results underscore the importance of microbe-diet interactions on host metabolism and suggest that gut microbes modulate dietary fiber efficacy. [MediaObject not available: see fulltext.]Fil: Murga Garrido, Sofia M.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Hong, Qilin. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Cross, Tzu Wen L.. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos. Purdue University; Estados UnidosFil: Hutchison, Evan R.. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Han, Jessica. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery; Estados UnidosFil: Thomas, Sydney P.. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery; Estados UnidosFil: Vivas, Eugenio I.. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Denu, John. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery; Estados UnidosFil: Ceschin, Danilo Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra; Argentina. Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Tang, Zheng Zheng. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery; Estados UnidosFil: Rey, Federico E.. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unido

Enrichment and characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in wastewater treatment process

High purity ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) culture containing a single AOA strain was enriched from the filtering materials of biological aerated filter. The concentration of AOA reached 3.27\ua0×\ua010\ua0copies/mL, while its proportion was 91.40%. The AOA amoA gene sequence belonged to Nitrososphaera cluster. Ammonia concentration significantly influenced the growth of AOA in culture, while total organic carbon (TOC) concentration had no obvious effect. The optimum ammonia concentration, temperature, pH and DO concentration for growth of AOA were 1\ua0mM, 30\ua0°C, 7.5 and 2.65\ua0mg/L, respectively. Under the optimum growth conditions, the AOA abundance and ammonia oxidation rate were 3.53\ua0×\ua010\ua0copies/mL and 2.54\ua0×\ua010\ua0mg/(copies·d)

Multi-Omic Analysis of the Microbiome and Metabolome in Healthy Subjects Reveals Microbiome-Dependent Relationships Between Diet and Metabolites

The human microbiome has been associated with health status, and risk of disease development. While the etiology of microbiome-mediated disease remains to be fully elucidated, one mechanism may be through microbial metabolism. Metabolites produced by commensal organisms, including in response to host diet, may affect host metabolic processes, with potentially protective or pathogenic consequences. We conducted multi-omic phenotyping of healthy subjects (N = 136), in order to investigate the interaction between diet, the microbiome, and the metabolome in a cross-sectional sample. We analyzed the nutrient composition of self-reported diet (3-day food records and food frequency questionnaires). We profiled the gut and oral microbiome (16S rRNA) from stool and saliva, and applied metabolomic profiling to plasma and stool samples in a subset of individuals (N = 75). We analyzed these multi-omic data to investigate the relationship between diet, the microbiome, and the gut and circulating metabolome. On a global level, we observed significant relationships, particularly between long-term diet, the gut microbiome and the metabolome. Intake of plant-derived nutrients as well as consumption of artificial sweeteners were associated with significant differences in circulating metabolites, particularly bile acids, which were dependent on gut enterotype, indicating that microbiome composition mediates the effect of diet on host physiology. Our analysis identifies dietary compounds and phytochemicals that may modulate bacterial abundance within the gut and interact with microbiome composition to alter host metabolism

Applications of 2D-layered palladium diselenide and its van der Waals heterostructures in electronics and optoelectronics

The rapid development of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides has been possible owing to their special structures and remarkable properties. In particular, palladium diselenide (PdSe2) with a novel pentagonal structure and unique physical characteristics have recently attracted extensive research interest. Consequently, tremendous research progress has been achieved regarding the physics, chemistry, and electronics of PdSe2. Accordingly, in this review, we recapitulate and summarize the most recent research on PdSe2, including its structure, properties, synthesis, and applications. First, a mechanical exfoliation method to obtain PdSe2 nanosheets is introduced, and large-area synthesis strategies are explained with respect to chemical vapor deposition and metal selenization. Next, the electronic and optoelectronic properties of PdSe2 and related heterostructures, such as field-effect transistors, photodetectors, sensors, and thermoelectric devices, are discussed. Subsequently, the integration of systems into infrared image sensors on the basis of PdSe2 van der Waals heterostructures is explored. Finally, future opportunities are highlighted to serve as a general guide for physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers. Therefore, this comprehensive review may shed light on the research conducted by the 2D material community.Web of Science131art. no. 14

A Cooperative Optimization Algorithm Inspired by Chaos–Order Transition

The growing complexity of optimization problems in distributed systems (DSs) has motivated computer scientists to strive for efficient approaches. This paper presents a novel cooperative algorithm inspired by chaos–order transition in a chaotic ant swarm (CAS). This work analyzes the basic dynamic characteristics of a DS in light of a networked multiagent system at microlevel and models a mapping from state set to self-organization mechanism set under the guide of system theory at macrolevel. A collaborative optimization algorithm (COA) in DS based on the chaos–order transition of CAS is then devised. To verify the validity of the proposed model and algorithm, we solve a locality-based task allocation in a networked multiagent system that uses COA. Simulations show that our algorithm is feasible and effective compared with previous task allocation approaches, thereby illustrating that our design ideas are correct

Genesis type of ore deposits indicated by trace elements of chalcopyrite

Trace elements of metallic minerals are important to constrain the formation processes and genetic types of ore deposits. Trace elements have been mainly focused on pyrite, magnetite, and sphalerite but have rarely been applied to chalcopyrite. To reveal the relationships between chalcopyrite trace elements and ore deposit types, ore petrography and LA-ICP-MS trace element of chalcopyrite in collected copper concentrate samples from porphyry copper deposits (PCD), magmatic copper-nickel sulfide deposits (MSD), sedimentary rock-hosted stratiform copperdeposits (SSC), iron oxide copper-gold deposits (IOCG), sedimentary exhalative deposits (SEDEX) and volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits (VMS) have been carried out. In chalcopyrite, Mn, Co, Ni, Se, Ag, Sn, Pb, and Bi contents are more than 1 000×10-6, and Ga, Ge, Mo, Cd, In, Sb, Te, Au and Tl contents are up to 100×10-6, which together indicate chalcopyrite is an important carrier for many trace elements. Antimony-Tl, In-Sn, Pb-Bi, and Mn-Ni in the chalcopyrite are positively correlated.Meanwhile, in chalcopyrite, Sb, Tl, In, and Sn mainly occur in the form of solid solution, Pb and Bi in the form of galena inclusions, and Mn, Co, As, Te, Ag, and Ni are both developed. Trace elements of chalcopyrite from PCD and VMS are variable. The concentrations of Ni and In in chalcopyrite from MSD are high and low, and Ge and Sn from SSC are higher and lower than other types, respectively. Moreover, the concentration of Se in chalcopyrite is higher from MSD and VMS, but is lower from SEDEX and SSC. Different concentrations of Ni, In, and Sn in the chalcopyrite are mainly related to different magmatism, and Se is principally controlled by temperature. The high concentrations of Ge in chalcopyrite from SSC may be related to ore-forming temperature and host rocks.Therefore, based on the above trace elements characteristics, Ni-Co and Ni-In diagrams can distinguish MSD from other deposit types, the diagram of Ni-Se can differentiate SEDEX, SSC from VMS, and the diagram of Ge-Sn is used to isolate SSC from SEDEX. In addition, the diagram of Co/Ni-Ag/Bi can differentiate between MSD and PCD, while Zn-Sn/In can discriminate IOCG from others to some extent.These first systematically proposed diagrams will provide a new reference for distinguishing the genetic types of deposits