13 research outputs found
Video Face Re-Aging: Toward Temporally Consistent Face Re-Aging
Video face re-aging deals with altering the apparent age of a person to the
target age in videos. This problem is challenging due to the lack of paired
video datasets maintaining temporal consistency in identity and age. Most
re-aging methods process each image individually without considering the
temporal consistency of videos. While some existing works address the issue of
temporal coherence through video facial attribute manipulation in latent space,
they often fail to deliver satisfactory performance in age transformation. To
tackle the issues, we propose (1) a novel synthetic video dataset that features
subjects across a diverse range of age groups; (2) a baseline architecture
designed to validate the effectiveness of our proposed dataset, and (3) the
development of novel metrics tailored explicitly for evaluating the temporal
consistency of video re-aging techniques. Our comprehensive experiments on
public datasets, including VFHQ and CelebA-HQ, show that our method outperforms
existing approaches in age transformation accuracy and temporal consistency.
Notably, in user studies, our method was preferred for temporal consistency by
48.1\% of participants for the older direction and by 39.3\% for the younger
direction.Comment: 28 pages, 11 figures, 11 tables, Project page:
https://video-reaging.github.io
Mitochondrial physiology
As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery
Mitochondrial physiology
As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery
Structural basis for inhibition of the replication licensing factor Cdt1 by geminin
To maintain chromosome stability in eukaryotic cells, replication origins must be licensed by loading mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM2-7) complexes once and only once per cell cycle. This licensing control is achieved through the activities of geminin and cyclin-dependent kinases. Geminin binds tightly to Cdt1, an essential component of the replication licensing system, and prevents the inappropriate reinitiation of replication on an already fired origin. The inhibitory effect of geminin is thought to prevent the interaction between Cdt1 and the MCM helicase. Here we describe the crystal structure of the mouse geminin-Cdt1 complex using tGeminin (residues 79-157, truncated geminin) and tCdt1 (residues 172-368, truncated Cdt1). The amino-terminal region of a coiled-coil dimer of tGeminin interacts with both N-terminal and carboxy-terminal parts of tCdt1. The primary interface relies on the steric complementarity between the tGeminin dimer and the hydrophobic face of the two short N-terminal helices of tCdt1 and, in particular, Pro 181, Ala 182, Tyr 183, Phe 186 and Leu 189. The crystal structure, in conjunction with our biochemical data, indicates that the N-terminal region of tGeminin might be required to anchor tCdt1, and the C-terminal region of tGeminin prevents access of the MCM complex to tCdt1 through steric hindrance.close847
Coupled Lattice Polarization and Ferromagnetism in Multiferroic NiTiO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films
Polarization-induced
weak ferromagnetism (WFM) was demonstrated a few years back in LiNbO<sub>3</sub>-type compounds, MTiO<sub>3</sub> (M = Fe, Mn, Ni). Although
the coexistence of ferroelectric polarization and ferromagnetism has
been demonstrated in this rare multiferroic family before, first in
bulk FeTiO<sub>3</sub>, then in thin-film NiTiO<sub>3</sub>, the coupling
of the two order parameters has not been confirmed. Here, we report
the stabilization of polar, ferromagnetic NiTiO<sub>3</sub> by oxide
epitaxy on a LiNbO<sub>3</sub> substrate utilizing tensile strain
and demonstrate the theoretically predicted coupling between its polarization
and ferromagnetism by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism under applied
fields. The experimentally observed direction of ferroic ordering
in the film is supported by simulations using the phase-field approach.
Our work validates symmetry-based criteria and first-principles calculations
of the coexistence of ferroelectricity and WFM in MTiO<sub>3</sub> transition metal titanates crystallizing in the LiNbO<sub>3</sub> structure. It also demonstrates the applicability of epitaxial strain
as a viable alternative to high-pressure crystal growth to stabilize
metastable materials and a valuable tuning parameter to simultaneously
control two ferroic order parameters to create a multiferroic. Multiferroic
NiTiO<sub>3</sub> has potential applications in spintronics where
ferroic switching is used, such as new four-stage memories and electromagnetic
switches