G2M期におけるcdc2キナーゼ活性を制御する因子の解析

取得学位：博士(薬学)，学位授与番号：博甲第142号，学位授与年月日：平成7年3月25日,学位授与年：199

Relocation of Aurora B from centromeres to the central spindle at the metaphase to anaphase transition requires MKlp2

Mitotic kinases of the Polo and Aurora families are key regulators of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Here, we have investigated the role of MKlp1 and MKlp2, two vertebrate mitotic kinesins essential for cytokinesis, in the spatial regulation of the Aurora B kinase. Previously, we have demonstrated that MKlp2 recruits Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) to the central spindle in anaphase. We now find that in MKlp2 but not MKlp1-depleted cells the Aurora B–INCENP complex remains at the centromeres and fails to relocate to the central spindle. MKlp2 exerts dual control over Aurora B localization, because it is a binding partner for Aurora B, and furthermore for the phosphatase Cdc14A. Cdc14A can dephosphorylate INCENP and may contribute to its relocation to the central spindle in anaphase. We propose that MKlp2 is involved in the localization of Plk1, Aurora B, and Cdc14A to the central spindle during anaphase, and that the integration of signaling by these proteins is necessary for proper cytokinesis

Knowledge and risk perception of radiation for Japanese nursing students after the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant disaster

Background: The Japanese have had three experiences of radiation disasters: the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, and the 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant disaster. The former two experiences have been covered in compulsory education programs. In light of these incidents, a strong fear of radiation has pervaded people of several generations. In such a situation, the role of nurses is important. When nurses treat residents, their attitudes change depending on how they understand and feel about radiation. The foundations of these attitudes are formed through student education. Hence, it is necessary to explore nursing students' understanding and risk perception of radiation, and the nature of radiation education received. Objectives: To assess the levels of understanding and risk perception of nursing students regarding radiation. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: A questionnaire survey was administered to all students (74 first-year, 79 second-year, 65 third-year, and 69 fourth-year students) in the nursing department of a Japanese national university. The response rate was 84%. Respondents were asked to rate their level of understanding of 50 phrases chosen from two supplementary texts about radiation for elementary school students and for middle and high school students, prepared by the Japanese Ministry. Further, they were asked to rate their risk perception for 30 events, and to answer six questions about radiation. Results: It was found that knowledge about radiation among Japanese nursing students was poor, because sufficient radiation education had not been provided. Hence, they displayed a greater fear of X-rays as compared to American students and members of the League of Woman Voters. However, it was also found that an increase in understanding might decrease risk perception. Conclusions: It was concluded that nursing students require adequate education about radiation, in order to reduce their fear of X-rays and to mitigate their risk perception

近年の大卒者の職業への移行過程 : 「高等教育と職業に関する日欧比較調査」より

日本教育社会学会第51回大会, 1999年(東京大学), 研究発表Ⅳ Ⅳ-5部会 経済と教育(2

医学書テキストのたとえる表現（2）―接尾辞「状」の特徴

Hitotsubashi University / NINJALHitotsubashi University会議名: 言語資源ワークショップ2022, 開催地: オンライン, 会期: 2022年8月30日-31日, 主催: 国立国語研究所 言語資源開発センター本研究では医学書テキストにおける「たとえる表現」の一端を明らかにする目的で接尾辞「状」に注目し、用法を分析した。調査には医学書5冊（約450万語）のデータを用いた。分析の結果、前接する語には「S、線」など形そのものを表すもの、「粥、海綿」など質的な様子も表す語､「嚢胞、結節」などの部位が変化した形を表す語が多く、後接する語には「血管、結腸」などの体の部位や「陰影、硬化」など病態を表す語が多かった。「状」の後は名詞が最も多いが、3割程度は「の」を介した名詞修飾や「に、と」などを介した動詞修飾用法であった。『現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーパス』の書籍に付与されたNDC情報を用いて比べたところ、「状」は医学において多用される語であることが示唆された。また、同じ「たとえる表現」の接尾辞「様（ヨウ）」と比較した結果、「様」の前には疾患名のような状態全体を表す語が見られ、用法の違いが観察された

医学書テキストのたとえる表現 : 「ような」、接尾辞「様（ヨウ）」の特徴

Senshu UniversityHitotsubashi University / National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics会議名: 言語資源活用ワークショップ2021, 開催地: オンライン, 会期: 2021年9月13日-14日, 主催: 国立国語研究所 コーパス開発センター医学の分野では、医師が患者の状態を把握する際「頭が割れるように痛い」といった「たとえる表現」が少なからず用いられるという。本発表では、「医学書」に現れる「たとえる表現」のうち、特に頻度の高い「ような」と、語源が同じ接尾辞「様（ヨウ）」を取り上げ、用法、特徴を分析した。調査には医学書3冊のテキスト（延べ約305万語）を用いた。分析の結果、(1)「ような」には、指示、比喩、例示用法等が認められるが、比喩用法は、被修飾名詞が痛み、動きなどの感情・感覚名詞の時に現れること、(2)「用言＋ような」「のような」「様」と前接表現の叙述性が薄れるにつれ、後接の表現が固定化していき、一語性が強まることが明らかになった

Borealin: a novel chromosomal passenger required for stability of the bipolar mitotic spindle

The chromosomal passenger complex of Aurora B kinase, INCENP, and Survivin has essential regulatory roles at centromeres and the central spindle in mitosis. Here, we describe Borealin, a novel member of the complex. Approximately half of Aurora B in mitotic cells is complexed with INCENP, Borealin, and Survivin; and Borealin binds Survivin and INCENP in vitro. A second complex contains Aurora B and INCENP, but no Borealin or Survivin. Depletion of Borealin by RNA interference delays mitotic progression and results in kinetochore–spindle misattachments and an increase in bipolar spindles associated with ectopic asters. The extra poles, which apparently form after chromosomes achieve a bipolar orientation, severely disrupt the partitioning of chromosomes in anaphase. Borealin depletion has little effect on histone H3 serine10 phosphorylation. These results implicate the chromosomal passenger holocomplex in the maintenance of spindle integrity and suggest that histone H3 serine10 phosphorylation is performed by an Aurora B–INCENP subcomplex

Seventeen-Year Observation on Urinary Cadmium and β2-Microglobulin in Inhabitants After Cessation of Cadmium-Exposure in Japan

金沢大学大学院医学系研究科保健看護科学専攻金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系The purpose of this study was to clarify the change and relationship of urinary cadmium (Cd) and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) concentrations of inhabitants in Cd-polluted areas after soil restoration. The urinary Cd and β2-MG concentrations of 25 males and 28 females did not show a significant change, 22 years after the Cd-polluted soil was restored. Once exposed to Cd, it was found to remain in the body, 22 years after the Cd -polluted soil was restored. However, this did not influence renal tubular dysfunction in most of the younger generation compared with elders heavily exposed to Cd. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

医学書テキストに現れる文末表現の特徴 : 単語N-gramを用いた分析

Hitotsubashi UniversitySenshu University / National Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsSenshu University会議名: 言語資源活用ワークショップ2020, 開催地: オンライン, 会期: 2020年9月8日−9日, 主催: 国立国語研究所 コーパス開発センター本発表では，一般的な文章とは異なる文体的特徴を持つと考えられる「医学書」を対象とした言語学的分析の一例として，医学書2冊のテキスト（延べ約282万語）に現れる文末表現の特徴を単語N-gramを用いて分析した。比較対象として，『現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーパス』の「特定目的・ベストセラー」内の文学作品のデータを用いた。分析の結果，医学書の文末表現には文学作品と比べて（1）定型表現が多く用いられること，（2）動詞の使用傾向が強いこと，（3）受身形の使用に特徴があることが明らかになった。また，医学書の文末で使用頻度の高い動詞「ある」「する」「いる」では，「ある」は「形状詞＋である」，「する」は「漢語名詞＋する」，「いる」は「受身形＋ている」という形が，文学作品に比べて顕著に多く出現することが分かった。これらの特徴は，医学書が疾患や症状を解説し，その処置や対応方法を述べる内容のテキストであることによると考えられる

Mitochondrial Abnormality Facilitates Cyst Formation in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

ABSTRACT Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) constitutes the most inherited kidney disease. Mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes, encoding the polycystin 1 and polycystin 2 Ca2+ ion channels, respectively, result in tubular epithelial cell-derived renal cysts. Recent clinical studies demonstrate oxidative stress to be present early in ADPKD. Mitochondria comprise the primary reactive oxygen species source and also their main effector target; however, the pathophysiological role of mitochondria in ADPKD remains uncharacterized. To clarify this function, we examined the mitochondria of cyst-lining cells in ADPKD model mice (Ksp-Cre PKD1flox/flox) and rats (Han:SPRD Cy/+), demonstrating obvious tubular cell morphological abnormalities. Notably, the mitochondrial DNA copy number and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) expression were decreased in ADPKD model animal kidneys, with PGC-1α expression inversely correlated with oxidative stress levels. Consistent with these findings, human ADPKD cyst-derived cells with heterozygous and homozygous PKD1 mutation exhibited morphological and functional abnormalities, including increased mitochondrial superoxide. Furthermore, PGC-1α expression was suppressed by decreased intracellular Ca2+ levels via calcineurin, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nitric oxide synthase deactivation. Moreover, the mitochondrion-specific antioxidant MitoQuinone (MitoQ) reduced intracellular superoxide and inhibited cyst epithelial cell proliferation through extracellular signal-related kinase/MAPK inactivation. Collectively, these results indicate that mitochondrial abnormalities facilitate cyst formation in ADPKD