Effect of Using Behavioral Support Program for High School Students

This study investigated disciplinary records of thirteen students who participated in a behavioral support program entitled P.R.I.D.E. offered at Tinley Park High School. An analysis of the records suggests that the program did have an impact on deterring certain disciplinary events. Educational implications and recommendations for future research are discussed

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Prenatal alcohol exposure and infant gross motor development: a prospective cohort study

Abstract Background Maternal alcohol consumption in pregnancy may have adverse effects on child gross motor (GM) development. There have been few human studies on this topic, particularly ones examining low exposure. This study examined the association between prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and infant GM development at 12-months of age. Methods Participants were 1324 women recruited from antenatal clinics in Sydney and Perth, Australia. Maternal and paternal alcohol use was assessed in pregnancy via interview; offspring GM development was measured at 12-months with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III). Results Any alcohol use in pregnancy was common: 56.1%, of pregnant women drank early in Trimester one (0–6 weeks), however this reduced to 27.9% on average thereafter and at predominantly low levels. However, infant BSID GM scale scores were not found to differ significantly as a function of PAE in the first 6-weeks (low, moderate, binge or heavy PAE), nor with low PAE across pregnancy. Conclusions We found no evidence to suggest that low PAE is associated with measurable impairment in infant GM development at 12-months. Further research is needed to examine potential PAE impacts on GM development in heavier exposure groups and through the childhood years when subtle GM deficits may be more detectable

Correction to: Prenatal alcohol exposure and infant gross motor development: A prospective cohort study (BMC Pediatrics (2019) 19 (149) DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1516-5)

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors opted to revise the first paragraph of the section "Characteristics associated with maternal drinking in pregnancy". Below is the updated version. Characteristics associated with maternal drinking in pregnancy Univariate tests compared whether abstainers and pregnancy drinkers (at any level) differed on background socio-demographics, other substance use, and physical and psychological factors (Table 3). The results show that, relative to abstainers, women who drank alcohol had greater odds of being older (e.g., 30-35 years, 1.97, 95% CI, 1.20-3.24); completing high school (2.61, 95% CI, 1.48-4.61); having moderate (2.29, 95% CI, 1.31-4.02) or high SES (4.42, 95% CI, 2.56-7.64); being born in an English speaking country (1.88, 95% CI, 1.33-2.66); and speaking English as their first language [2].34, 95% CI, 1.77-3.09); and lower odds of living in a single parent household (0.61, 95% CI, 0.39-0.95). Other factors associated with pregnancy drinking included: smoking in pregnancy (1.67, 95% CI, 1.18-2.36); higher estimated IQ (e.g., a score of 100-114, 3.02, 95% CI, 2.01-4.53); and lower anxiety (0.76, 95% CI, 0.57-0.99). Secondly, they revised the first paragraph under subsection "Characteristics of women drinking in pregnancy and their partners". Please see below: Characteristics of women drinking in pregnancy and their partners Consistent with past research, pregnant women who consumed alcohol differed on socio-demographic characteristics compared to abstainers [36, 37]. Specifically, they were more likely to be older, tertiary educated, have moderate to high SEIFA scores (reflective of socio-economic advantage), be born in Australia or another English speaking country, and be less likely to live in a single parent household. Other factors associated with pregnancy drinking included: smoking in pregnancy; higher estimated IQ; and lower levels of anxiety. These results suggest pregnancy drinking is common among women from more affluent socio-demographic backgrounds, and among specific at-risk groups, such as women who smoke cigarettes. Targeting these populations may result in more effective preventive intervention for pregnancy drinking