TÉCNICAS EXPRESSIVAS E A CLÍNICA JUNGUIANA

O artigo aborda o uso das técnicas expressivas, com destaque para a arteterapia, e sua importância no processo clínico e terapêutico como meio de auxiliar o analisando na representação de seus conteúdos inconscientes que, uma vez expressos e tendo o analista como facilitador, permite que ele se conscientize e amplifique as informações contidas nos símbolos viabilizando, assim, o curso do seu processo de individuação. 

PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO: OFICINA DE PINTURA NO CAMPUS DE FLORIANÓPOLIS

Este artigo é o resultado da aplicação do projeto de extensão, Oficina de Pintura, realizado no Campus de Florianópolis, no ano de 2011. O objetivo geral da oficina foi o desenvolvimento do gosto pela arte, promovendo experiências estéticas. A metodologia teve como base o entendimento e a exploração dos mecanismos cognitivos que envolvem o processo ensino-aprendizagem, buscando evidenciar e privilegiar a relação professor-aluno-objeto. Essa metodologia é desenvolvida a partir de uma teoria histórico-cultural, que tem em seu pressuposto o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem pelo social. Isso significa que as oficinas foram dialogadas com troca de experiências e conhecimentos entre os participantes e o professor, enfatizando o processo, que não é estático e nem linear. O projeto de extensão “Oficina de Pintura” proporcionou a entrada da comunidade externa convivendo com alunos, servidores e professores dentro da instituição de forma gratuita. Também proporcionou a vivência de diversas técnicas artísticas aos participantes para o aperfeiçoamento de sua atuação pessoal e/ou profissional, gerando uma melhora nas condições de geração de emprego e renda, estabelecendo vínculos saudáveis e construtivos e contribuindo para a formação de suas identidades. A oficina de pintura proporcionou, também, aos participantes a experiência da criação, auxiliando-os a enfrentar com sucesso os desafios da vida cotidiana e a resolver os problemas novos que surgem, tendo como resultado a formação de cidadãos conscientes

Inductive logic programming applied for knowledge representation in computer music/ Programação lógica indutiva aplicada para representação do conhecimento em música computacional

 In Computer Music, the knowledge representation process is an essential element for the development of systems. Methods have been applied to provide the computer with the ability to generate conclusions based on previously established experience and definitions. In this sense, Inductive Logic Programming presents itself as a research field that incorporates concepts of Logic Programming and Machine Learning, its declarative character allows musical knowledge to be presented to non-specialist users in a naturally understandable way. The present work performs a systematic review based on approaches that use Inductive Logic Programming in the representation of musical knowledge. Questions that these studies seek to address were raised, as well as identifying characteristic aspects related to their application

Suppressed anti-inflammatory heat shock response in high-risk COVID-19 patients : lessons from basic research (inclusive bats), light on conceivable therapies

The major risk factors to fatal outcome in COVID-19 patients, i.e., elderliness and pre-existing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), share in common the characteristic of being chronic degenerative diseases of inflammatory nature associated with defective heat shock response (HSR). The molecular components of the HSR, the principal metabolic pathway leading to the physiological resolution of inflammation, is an anti-inflammatory biochemical pathway that involves molecular chaperones of the heat shock protein (HSP) family during homeostasis-threatening stressful situations (e.g., thermal, oxidative and metabolic stresses). The entry of SARS coronaviruses in target cells, on the other hand, aggravates the already-jeopardized HSR of this specific group of patients. In addition, cellular counterattack against virus involves interferon (IFN)-mediated inflammatory responses. Therefore, individuals with impaired HSR cannot resolve virus-induced inflammatory burst physiologically, being susceptible to exacerbated forms of inflammation, which leads to a fatal “cytokine storm”. Interestingly, some species of bats that are natural reservoirs of zoonotic viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, possess an IFN-based antiviral inflammatory response perpetually activated but do not show any sign of disease or cytokine storm. This is possible because bats present a constitutive HSR that is by far (hundreds of times) more intense and rapid than that of human, being associated with a high core temperature. Similarly in humans, fever is a physiological inducer of HSR while antipyretics, which block the initial phase of inflammation, impair the resolution phase of inflammation through the HSR. These findings offer a rationale for the reevaluation of patient care and fever reduction in SARS, including COVID-19

Metabolic fate of glutamine in lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils

Eric Newsholmes laboratory was the first to show glutamine utilization by lymphocytes and macrophages. Recently, we have found that neutrophils also utilize glutamine. This amino acid has been shown to play a role in lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production by lymphocytes and macrophages and phagocytosis and superoxide production by macrophages and neutrophils. Knowledge of the metabolic fate of glutamine in these cells is important for the understanding of the role and function of this amino acid in the maintenance of the proliferative, phagocytic and secretory capacities of these cells. Glutamine and glucose are poorly oxidized by these cells and might produce important precursors for DNA, RNA, protein and lipid synthesis. The high rate of glutamine utilization and its importance in such cells have raised the question as to the source of this glutamine, which, according to current evidence, appears to be muscle

Disfunção endotelial em pacientes hiperandrogênicas : associação do óxido nítrico com variáveis antropométricas, metabólicas e hormonais

37

Effect of trolox C on cardiac contracture induced by hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) perfused into the aorta of the isolated rat heart induces a positive inotropic effect, with cardiac arrhythmia such as extrasystolic potentiation or cardiac contractures, depending on the dose. The last effect is similar to the “stone heart” observed in reperfusion injury and may be ascribed to lipoperoxidation (LPO) of the membrane lipids, to protein damage, to reduction of the ATP level, to enzymatic alterations and to cardioactive compounds liberated by LPO. These effects may result in calcium overload of the cardiac fibers and contracture (“stone heart”). Hearts from male Wistar rats (300- 350 g) were perfused at 31o C with Tyrode, 0.2 mM trolox C, 256 mM H2O2 or trolox C + H2O2. Cardiac contractures (baseline elevation of the myograms obtained) were observed when hearts were perfused with H2O2 (Tyrode: 5.9 ± 3.2; H2O2: 60.5 ± 13.9% of the initial value); perfusion with H2O2 increased the LPO of rat heart homogenates measured by chemiluminescence (Tyrode: 3,199 ± 259; H2O2: 5,304 ± 133 cps mg protein-1 60 min-1), oxygen uptake (Tyrode: 0.44 ± 0.1; H2O2: 3.2 ± 0.8 nmol min-1 mg protein-1) and malonaldehyde (TBARS) formation (Tyrode: 0.12 ± 0; H2O2: 0.37 ± 0.1 nmol/ml). Previous perfusion with 0.2 mM trolox C reduced the LPO (chemiluminescence: 4,098 ± 531), oxygen uptake (0.51 ± 0) and TBARS (0.13 ± 0) but did not prevent the H2O2-induced contractures (33.3 ± 16%). ATP (Tyrode: 2.84 ± 0; H2O2: 0.57 ± 0) and glycogen levels (Tyrode: 0.46 ± 0; H2O2: 0.26 ± 0) were reduced by H2O2. Trolox did not prevent these effects (ATP: 0.84 ± 0 and glycogen: 0.27 ± 0). Trolox C is known to be more effective than α-tocopherol or γ-tocopherol in reducing LPO though it lacks the phytol portion of vitamin E to be fixed to the cell membranes. Trolox C, unlike vitamin A, did not prevent the glycogen reduction induced by H2O2. Trolox C induced a positive chronotropic effect that resulted in higher energy consumption. The reduction of energy level seemed to be more important than LPO in the mechanism of H2O2-induced contracture

GLP-1 receptor signalling promotes β-cell glucose metabolism via mTOR-dependent HIF-1α activation

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) promotes insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells in a glucose dependent manner. Several pathways mediate this action by rapid, kinase phosphorylation-dependent, but gene expression-independent mechanisms. Since GLP-1-induced insulin secretion requires glucose metabolism, we aimed to address the hypothesis that GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signalling can modulate glucose uptake and utilization in β-cells. We have assessed various metabolic parameters after short and long exposure of clonal BRIN-BD11 β-cells and rodent islets to the GLP-1R agonist Exendin-4 (50nM). Here we report for the first time that prolonged stimulation of the GLP-1R for 18hours promotes metabolic reprogramming of β-cells. This is evidenced by up-regulation of glycolytic enzyme expression, increased rates of glucose uptake and consumption, as well as augmented ATP content, insulin secretion and glycolytic flux after removal of Exendin-4. In our model, depletion of HypoxiaInducible Factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) impaired the effects of Exendin-4 on glucose metabolism, while pharmacological inhibition of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) or mTOR completely abolished such effects. Considering the central role of glucose catabolism for stimulus-secretion coupling in β-cells, our findings suggest that chronic GLP-1 actions on insulin secretion include elevated β-cell glucose metabolism. Moreover, our data reveal novel aspects of GLP-1 stimulated insulin secretion involving de novo gene expression