On Being Twice Exceptional in Sweden - An Interview-Based Case Study about the Educational Situation for a Gifted Student Diagnosed with ADHD

The gifted education research area is rapidly expanding in Sweden. In the context of very limited research nationally, demands are increasing for steering documents and addressing of student and teacher needs in practice. However, Swedish research on students that are ‘twice exceptional’—students classified as being both gifted and disabled (for instance, through a neurodevelopmental disorder such as ADHD)—is nearly non-existent. In this study, we present an exploratory single case study of a female student in school year seven based on semi-structured individual interviews with the student and her two guardians regarding her educational situation. The data were first inductively coded and triangulated in collaboration between three of the authors. A fourth author later independently and deductively coded one-third of the data based on the previously inductively determined thematic structure and conducted a consensus interrater reliability check, exceeding 85% percent agreement. The three main themes are as follows: (1) multiplex perspectives on academic outcomes and expectations, (2) the intersection between twice exceptionality and academic work, and (3) information and perceptions about twice exceptionality. The results indicate several educational challenges and opportunities for twice exceptional students. Further research is needed regarding twice exceptional students in Sweden.Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-11-10 (joosat);Part of special issue: Identifying and Supporting Giftedness and Talent in SchoolsCC BY 4.0 License</p

Relation Between Humidity and Size of Exhaled Particles

Background: Aerosol particles are generated in human airways, and leave the body with exhaled air. These particles may carry indicators of various lung conditions. To fully utilize the information provided by endo- genously produced exhaled particles, it is important to understand their formation mechanism and physical properties. The scope of this work was to measure number size distributions of exhaled aerosol particles at various surrounding relative humidities (RH) in order to gain some knowledge of the size distribution at the point of particle generation. <p> </p> Methods: Number size distributions of exhaled particles were measured at various RHs, using an optical particle counter. Breathing with airway closure was employed. <p> </p> Results: A relation between particle volume and RH was fitted to experimental data and used to predict how exhaled droplets behave at RHs not easily accessible by experiments. The diameter of an exhaled particle is reduced by a factor of 0.42 when the RH is changed from 99.5 to 75% at 309 K. Calculations also show that the droplets are concentrated solutions near saturation at 75% RH. <p> </p> Conclusions: It is concluded that the particles are supersaturated liquid particles, rather than crystalline solids, in ambient air with RH below 75%. A size distribution related to the aerosol at the moment of formation is given. A successful detailed formation mechanismshould be able to accommodate the size distribution predicted at 99.5%RH

Size Distribution of Exhaled Particles in the Range from 0.01 to 2.0 µm

This study investigates the number size distribution of endogenously produced exhaled particles during tidal breathing and breathing with airway closure. This is the first time that the region below 0.4 µm has been investigated. The particle concentration was generally lower for tidal breathing than for airway closure, although the inter-individual variation was large. During tidal breathing, the size distribution peaks at around 0.07 µm. This peak is still present during the airway closure manoeuvre, but an additional broad and strong peak is found between 0.2 and 0.5 µm. This suggests that different mechanisms govern the generation of particles in the two cases. The particles produced from airway closure may be attributed to formation of film droplets in the distal bronchioles during inhalation. It is speculated that the very small particles are film droplets originating from the alveolar region

Size Distribution of Exhaled Particles in the Range from 0.01 to 2.0 \ub5m

This study investigates the number size distribution of endogenously produced exhaled particles during tidal breathing and breathing with airway closure. This is the first time that the region below 0.4 \ub5m has been investigated. The particle concentration was generally lower for tidal breathing than for airway closure, although the inter-individual variation was large. During tidal breathing, the size distribution peaks at around 0.07 \ub5m. This peak is still present during the airway closure manoeuvre, but an additional broad and strong peak is found between 0.2 and 0.5 \ub5m. This suggests that different mechanisms govern the generation of particles in the two cases. The particles produced from airway closure may be attributed to formation of film droplets in the distal bronchioles during inhalation. It is speculated that the very small particles are film droplets originating from the alveolar region

Effects of breath holding at low and high lung volumes on amount of exhaled particles

Exhaled breath contains particles originating from the respiratory tract lining fluid. The particles are thought to be generated during inhalation, by reopening of airways closed in the preceding expiration. The aim here was to explore processes that control exhaled particle concentrations. The results show that 5 and 10 s breath holding at residual volume increased the median concentration of particles in exhaled air by 63% and 110%, respectively, averaged over 10 subjects. An increasing number of closed airways, developing on a timescale of seconds explains this behaviour. Breath holds of 5, 10 and 20 s at total lung capacity decreased the concentration to 63%, 45% and 28% respectively, of the directly exhaled concentration. The decrease in particle concentration after breath holding at total lung capacity is caused by gravitational settling in the alveoli and associated bronchioles. The geometry employed here when modelling the deposition is however not satisfactory and ways of improving the description are discussed

Interactions in multi-component mineral systems

Godkänd; 2010; Bibliografisk uppgift: Værtspublikationsredaktører: Göran Bäckblom Sider: 25-29; 20100615 (biem