35 research outputs found
Development and validation of a weather-based model for predicting infection of loquat fruit by Fusicladium eriobotryae
A mechanistic, dynamic model was developed to predict infection of loquat fruit by conidia of Fusicladium eriobotryae, the
causal agent of loquat scab. The model simulates scab infection periods and their severity through the sub-processes of
spore dispersal, infection, and latency (i.e., the state variables); change from one state to the following one depends on
environmental conditions and on processes described by mathematical equations. Equations were developed using
published data on F. eriobotryae mycelium growth, conidial germination, infection, and conidial dispersion pattern. The
model was then validated by comparing model output with three independent data sets. The model accurately predicts the
occurrence and severity of infection periods as well as the progress of loquat scab incidence on fruit (with concordance
correlation coefficients .0.95). Model output agreed with expert assessment of the disease severity in seven loquatgrowing
seasons. Use of the model for scheduling fungicide applications in loquat orchards may help optimise scab
management and reduce fungicide applications.This work was funded by Cooperativa Agricola de Callosa d'En Sarria (Alicante, Spain). Three months' stay of E. Gonzalez-Dominguez at the Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Piacenza, Italy) was supported by the Programa de Apoyo a la Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID-00-12) de la Universidad Politecnica de Valencia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.González Domínguez, E.; Armengol Fortí, J.; Rossi, V. (2014). Development and validation of a weather-based model for predicting infection of loquat fruit by Fusicladium eriobotryae. PLoS ONE. 9(9):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107547S11299Sánchez-Torres, P., Hinarejos, R., & Tuset, J. J. (2009). Characterization and Pathogenicity ofFusicladium eriobotryae, the Fungal Pathogen Responsible for Loquat Scab. Plant Disease, 93(11), 1151-1157. doi:10.1094/pdis-93-11-1151Gladieux, P., Caffier, V., Devaux, M., & Le Cam, B. (2010). Host-specific differentiation among populations of Venturia inaequalis causing scab on apple, pyracantha and loquat. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 47(6), 511-521. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2009.12.007González-Domínguez, E., Rossi, V., Armengol, J., & García-Jiménez, J. (2013). Effect of Environmental Factors on Mycelial Growth and Conidial Germination ofFusicladium eriobotryae, and the Infection of Loquat Leaves. Plant Disease, 97(10), 1331-1338. doi:10.1094/pdis-02-13-0131-reGonzález-Domínguez, E., Rossi, V., Michereff, S. J., García-Jiménez, J., & Armengol, J. (2014). Dispersal of conidia of Fusicladium eriobotryae and spatial patterns of scab in loquat orchards in Spain. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 139(4), 849-861. doi:10.1007/s10658-014-0439-0Becker, C. M. (1994). Discontinuous Wetting and Survival of Conidia ofVenturia inaequalison Apple Leaves. Phytopathology, 84(4), 372. doi:10.1094/phyto-84-372Hartman, J. R., Parisi, L., & Bautrais, P. (1999). Effect of Leaf Wetness Duration, Temperature, and Conidial Inoculum Dose on Apple Scab Infections. Plant Disease, 83(6), 531-534. doi:10.1094/pdis.1999.83.6.531Holb, I. J., Heijne, B., Withagen, J. C. M., & Jeger, M. J. (2004). Dispersal of Venturia inaequalis Ascospores and Disease Gradients from a Defined Inoculum Source. Journal of Phytopathology, 152(11-12), 639-646. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.2004.00910.xRossi, V., Giosue, S., & Bugiani, R. (2003). Influence of Air Temperature on the Release of Ascospores of Venturia inaequalis. Journal of Phytopathology, 151(1), 50-58. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0434.2003.00680.xStensvand, A., Gadoury, D. M., Amundsen, T., Semb, L., & Seem, R. C. (1997). Ascospore Release and Infection of Apple Leaves by Conidia and Ascospores ofVenturia inaequalisat Low Temperatures. Phytopathology, 87(10), 1046-1053. doi:10.1094/phyto.1997.87.10.1046Machardy WE (1996) Apple scab. Biology, epidemiology and management. St. Paul: APS Press. 545.James, J. R. (1982). Environmental Factors Influencing Pseudothecial Development and Ascospore Maturation ofVenturia inaequalis. Phytopathology, 72(8), 1073. doi:10.1094/phyto-72-1073Li, B., Zhao, H., Li, B., & Xu, X.-M. (2003). Effects of temperature, relative humidity and duration of wetness period on germination and infection by conidia of the pear scab pathogen (Venturia nashicola). Plant Pathology, 52(5), 546-552. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00887.xLi, B.-H., Xu, X.-M., Li, J.-T., & Li, B.-D. (2005). Effects of temperature and continuous and interrupted wetness on the infection of pear leaves by conidia of Venturia nashicola. Plant Pathology, 54(3), 357-363. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01207.xUMEMOTO, S. (1990). Dispersion of ascospores and conidia of causal fungus of Japanese pear scab, Venturia nashicola. Japanese Journal of Phytopathology, 56(4), 468-473. doi:10.3186/jjphytopath.56.468Rossi, V., Salinari, F., Pattori, E., Giosuè,, S., & Bugiani, R. (2009). Predicting the Dynamics of Ascospore Maturation ofVenturia pirinaBased on Environmental Factors. Phytopathology, 99(4), 453-461. doi:10.1094/phyto-99-4-0453Spotts, R. A. (1991). Effect of Temperature and Wetness on Infection of Pear byVenturia pirinaand the Relationship Between Preharvest Inoculation and Storage Scab. Plant Disease, 75(12), 1204. doi:10.1094/pd-75-1204Spotts, R. A. (1994). Factors Affecting Maturation and Release of Ascospores ofVenturia pirinain Oregon. Phytopathology, 84(3), 260. doi:10.1094/phyto-84-260Villalta, O., Washington, W. S., Rimmington, G. M., & Taylor, P. A. (2000). Australasian Plant Pathology, 29(4), 255. doi:10.1071/ap00048Villalta, O. N., Washington, W. S., Rimmington, G. M., & Taylor, P. A. (2000). Effects of temperature and leaf wetness duration on infection of pear leaves by Venturia pirina. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 51(1), 97. doi:10.1071/ar99068Lan, Z., & Scherm, H. (2003). Moisture Sources in Relation to Conidial Dissemination and Infection byCladosporium carpophilumWithin Peach Canopies. Phytopathology, 93(12), 1581-1586. doi:10.1094/phyto.2003.93.12.1581Lawrence, Jr., E. G. (1982). Environmental Effects on the Development and Dissemination ofCladosporium carpophilumon Peach. Phytopathology, 72(7), 773. doi:10.1094/phyto-72-773Gottwald, T. R. (1985). Influence of Temperature, Leaf Wetness Period, Leaf Age, and Spore Concentration on Infection of Pecan Leaves by Conidia ofCladosporium caryigenum. Phytopathology, 75(2), 190. doi:10.1094/phyto-75-190Latham, A. J. (1982). Effects of Some Weather Factors andFusicladium effusumConidium Dispersal on Pecan Scab Occurrence. Phytopathology, 72(10), 1339. doi:10.1094/phyto-72-1339MARZO, L., FRISULLO, S., LOPS, F., & ROSSI, V. (1993). Possible dissemination of Spilocaea oleagina conidia by insects (Ectopsocus briggsi). EPPO Bulletin, 23(3), 389-391. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1993.tb01341.xLOPS, F., FRISULLO, S., & ROSSI, V. (1993). Studies on the spread of the olive scab pathogen, Spilocaea oleagina. EPPO Bulletin, 23(3), 385-387. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1993.tb01340.xObanor, F. O., Walter, M., Jones, E. E., & Jaspers, M. V. (2007). Effect of temperature, relative humidity, leaf wetness and leaf age on Spilocaea oleagina conidium germination on olive leaves. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 120(3), 211-222. doi:10.1007/s10658-007-9209-6Obanor, F. O., Walter, M., Jones, E. E., & Jaspers, M. V. (2010). Effects of temperature, inoculum concentration, leaf age, and continuous and interrupted wetness on infection of olive plants by Spilocaea oleagina. Plant Pathology, 60(2), 190-199. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02370.xViruega, J. R., Moral, J., Roca, L. F., Navarro, N., & Trapero, A. (2013). Spilocaea oleaginain Olive Groves of Southern Spain: Survival, Inoculum Production, and Dispersal. Plant Disease, 97(12), 1549-1556. doi:10.1094/pdis-12-12-1206-reViruega, J. R., Roca, L. F., Moral, J., & Trapero, A. (2011). Factors Affecting Infection and Disease Development on Olive Leaves Inoculated withFusicladium oleagineum. Plant Disease, 95(9), 1139-1146. doi:10.1094/pdis-02-11-0126Eikemo, H., Gadoury, D. M., Spotts, R. A., Villalta, O., Creemers, P., Seem, R. C., & Stensvand, A. (2011). Evaluation of Six Models to Estimate Ascospore Maturation in Venturia pyrina. Plant Disease, 95(3), 279-284. doi:10.1094/pdis-02-10-0125Li, B.-H., Yang, J.-R., Dong, X.-L., Li, B.-D., & Xu, X.-M. (2007). A dynamic model forecasting infection of pear leaves by conidia of Venturia nashicola and its evaluation in unsprayed orchards. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 118(3), 227-238. doi:10.1007/s10658-007-9138-4Rossi, V., Giosuè, S., & Bugiani, R. (2007). A-scab (Apple-scab), a simulation model for estimating risk of Venturia inaequalis primary infections. EPPO Bulletin, 37(2), 300-308. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2338.2007.01125.xXU, X.-M., BUTT, D. J., & SANTEN, G. (1995). A dynamic model simulating infection of apple leaves by Venturia inaequalis. Plant Pathology, 44(5), 865-876. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02746.xRoubal, C., Regis, S., & Nicot, P. C. (2012). Field models for the prediction of leaf infection and latent period ofFusicladium oleagineumon olive based on rain, temperature and relative humidity. Plant Pathology, 62(3), 657-666. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02666.xPayne, A. F., & Smith, D. L. (2012). Development and Evaluation of Two Pecan Scab Prediction Models. Plant Disease, 96(9), 1358-1364. doi:10.1094/pdis-03-11-0202-reTrapman M, Jansonius PJ (2008) Disease management in organic apple orchards is more than applying the right product at the correct time. Ecofruit-13th International Conference on Cultivation Technique and Phytopathological Problems in Organic Fruit-Growing: Proceedings to the Conference from 18th February to 20th February 2008 at Weinsberg/Germany. 16–22.HOLB, I. J., JONG, P. F., & HEIJNE, B. (2003). Efficacy and phytotoxicity of lime sulphur in organic apple production. Annals of Applied Biology, 142(2), 225-233. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2003.tb00245.xGent, D. H., Mahaffee, W. F., McRoberts, N., & Pfender, W. F. (2013). The Use and Role of Predictive Systems in Disease Management. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 51(1), 267-289. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102356Alavanja, M. C. R., Hoppin, J. A., & Kamel, F. (2004). Health Effects of Chronic Pesticide Exposure: Cancer and Neurotoxicity. Annual Review of Public Health, 25(1), 155-197. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.25.101802.123020Brent KJ, Hollomon DW (2007) Fungicide resistance in crop pathogens: How can it be managed? FRAC Monog 2. Fungicide Resistance Action Committee.Shtienberg, D. (2013). Will Decision-Support Systems Be Widely Used for the Management of Plant Diseases? Annual Review of Phytopathology, 51(1), 1-16. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102244Leffelaar P (1993) On Systems Analysis and Simulation of Ecological Processes. Kluwer. London.Rossi V, Giosuè S, Caffi T (2010) Modelling plant diseases for decision making in crop protection. In: Oerke E-C, Gerhards R, Menz G, Sikora RA, editors. Precision Crop Protection-the Challenge and Use of Heterogeneity.Hui, C. (2006). Carrying capacity, population equilibrium, and environment’s maximal load. Ecological Modelling, 192(1-2), 317-320. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.07.001Townsend C, Begon M, Harper J (2008) Essentials of ecology. John Wiley and Sons. New York. 510.Zadoks J, Schein R (1979) Epidemiology and plant disease management. Oxford University Press, New York. 427.Bennett, J. C., Diggle, A., Evans, F., & Renton, M. (2013). Assessing eradication strategies for rain-splashed and wind-dispersed crop diseases. Pest Management Science, 69(8), 955-963. doi:10.1002/ps.3459Ghanbarnia, K., Dilantha Fernando, W. G., & Crow, G. (2009). Developing Rainfall- and Temperature-Based Models to Describe Infection of Canola Under Field Conditions Caused by Pycnidiospores of Leptosphaeria maculans. Phytopathology, 99(7), 879-886. doi:10.1094/phyto-99-7-0879Gilligan, C. A., & van den Bosch, F. (2008). Epidemiological Models for Invasion and Persistence of Pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 46(1), 385-418. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094357Buck, A. L. (1981). New Equations for Computing Vapor Pressure and Enhancement Factor. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 20(12), 1527-1532. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1981)0202.0.co;2Madden L V, Hughes G, van den Bosch F (2007) The study of plant disease epidemics. APS press. St. Paul. 421.González-Domínguez E, Rodríguez-Reina J, García-Jiménez J, Armengol J (2014) Evaluation of fungicides to control loquat scab caused by Fusicladium eriobotryae. Plant Heal Prog Accepted.De Wolf, E. D., & Isard, S. A. (2007). Disease Cycle Approach to Plant Disease Prediction. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 45(1), 203-220. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.44.070505.143329Krause, R. A., & Massie, L. B. (1975). Predictive Systems: Modern Approaches to Disease Control. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 13(1), 31-47. doi:10.1146/annurev.py.13.090175.000335Fourie, P., Schutte, T., Serfontein, S., & Swart, F. (2013). Modeling the Effect of Temperature and Wetness on Guignardia Pseudothecium Maturation and Ascospore Release in Citrus Orchards. Phytopathology, 103(3), 281-292. doi:10.1094/phyto-07-11-0194Gadoury, D. M. (1982). A Model to Estimate the Maturity of Ascospores ofVenturia inaequalis. Phytopathology, 72(7), 901. doi:10.1094/phyto-72-901Holtslag, Q. A., Remphrey, W. R., Fernando, W. G. D., St-Pierre, R. G., & Ash, G. H. B. (2004). The development of a dynamic diseaseforecasting model to controlEntomosporium mespilionAmelanchier alnifolia. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 26(3), 304-313. doi:10.1080/07060660409507148Legler SEE, Caffi T, Rossi V (2013) A Model for the development of Erysiphe necator chasmothecia in vineyards. Plant Pathol. DOI:10.1111/ppa.12145.Luo, Y., & Michailides, T. J. (2001). Risk Analysis for Latent Infection of Prune by Monilinia fructicola in California. Phytopathology, 91(12), 1197-1208. doi:10.1094/phyto.2001.91.12.1197Gadoury, D. M. (1986). Forecasting Ascospore Dose of Venturia inaequalis in Commercial Apple Orchards. Phytopathology, 76(1), 112. doi:10.1094/phyto-76-112Gent, D. H., De Wolf, E., & Pethybridge, S. J. (2011). Perceptions of Risk, Risk Aversion, and Barriers to Adoption of Decision Support Systems and Integrated Pest Management: An Introduction. Phytopathology, 101(6), 640-643. doi:10.1094/phyto-04-10-0124Schut, M., Rodenburg, J., Klerkx, L., van Ast, A., & Bastiaans, L. (2014). Systems approaches to innovation in crop protection. A systematic literature review. Crop Protection, 56, 98-108. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2013.11.017Mills W, Laplante A (1954) Diseases and insect in the orchard. Cornell Ext Bull 711.GVA (2013) Octubre-Noviembre 2013. Butlletí d’avisos 13.MacHardy, W. E. (1989). A Revision of Mills’s Criteria for Predicting Apple Scab Infection Periods. Phytopathology, 79(3), 304. doi:10.1094/phyto-79-30
Non-target impact of fungicide tetraconazole on microbial communities in soils with different agricultural management
Effect of the fungicide tetraconazole on microbial community in silt loam soils from orchard with long history of triazole application and from grassland with no known history of fungicide usage was investigated. Triazole tetraconazole that had never been used on these soils before was applied at the field rate and at tenfold the FR. Response of microbial communities to tetraconazole was investigated during 28-day laboratory experiment by determination of changes in their biomass and structure (phospholipid fatty acids method—PLFA), activity (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis—FDA) as well as changes in genetic (DGGE) and functional (Biolog) diversity. Obtained results indicated that the response of soil microorganisms to tetraconazole depended on the management of the soils. DGGE patterns revealed that both dosages of fungicide affected the structure of bacterial community and the impact on genetic diversity and richness was more prominent in orchard soil. Values of stress indices—the saturated/monounsaturated PLFAs ratio and the cyclo/monounsaturated precursors ratio, were almost twice as high and the Gram-negative/Gram-positive ratio was significantly lower in the orchard soil compared with the grassland soil. Results of principal component analysis of PLFA and Biolog profiles revealed significant impact of tetraconazole in orchard soil on day 28, whereas changes in these profiles obtained for grassland soil were insignificant or transient. Obtained results indicated that orchards soil seems to be more vulnerable to tetraconazole application compared to grassland soil. History of pesticide application and agricultural management should be taken into account in assessing of environmental impact of studied pesticides. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10646-016-1661-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users
Effect of sanitation treatment and cultivar on saprophytic development of Blumeriella jaapii in integrated and organic sour cherry orchards
Categorization of apple cultivars based on seasonal powdery mildew disease progression in two disease management systems over 12 years
Development and evaluation of a model for management of brown rot in organic apple orchards
Foreword: Special issue on fungal grapevine diseases
Introduction of a special issue of "European Journal of Plant Pathology" on fungal grapevine disease
Occurrence of Venturia inaequalis races in Poland able to overcome specific apple scab resistance genes
Control of brown spot of pear by reducing the overwintering inoculum through sanitation
Stemphylium vesicarium, the causal agent
of brown spot of pear, overwinters in the leaf residues
of pear and herbaceous plants of the orchard floor.
Pseudothecia of the teleomorph, Pleospora allii, are
formed on these residues where they produce ascospores.
New methods were tested aimed at reducing
this overwintering inoculum and increasing the
efficacy of control of brown spot of pear. Sanitation
methods were evaluated in nine trials in Girona
(Spain) and Ferrara (Italy) over a 4-year period. The
sanitation methods were leaf litter removal in December
to February, and application of biological control
agents (commercial formulates of Trichoderma spp.)
to the orchard ground cover from February to May.
Fungicides were also applied to the trees during the
pear-growing season, scheduled according to the
BSPcast model. The different methods were tested
as stand-alone applications or in combination. All
methods consistently reduced the disease incidence at
harvest on fruit with an efficacy between 30 to 60%
for leaf litter removal and more than 60% for the
combination of leaf litter removal and biological
control. Efficacy of sanitation alone (leaf litter
removal and biological control) in reducing the brown
spot level on fruit was similar in most of the trials to
the efficacy obtained when fungicides were applied
alone. However, integration of sanitation methods and
fungicides did not improve the efficacy of disease
control over the level provided by fungicides alone