Replicability or reproducibility? On the replication crisis in computational neuroscience and sharing only relevant detail

Replicability and reproducibility of computational models has been somewhat understudied by “the replication movement.” In this paper, we draw on methodological studies into the replicability of psychological experiments and on the mechanistic account of explanation to analyze the functions of model replications and model reproductions in computational neuroscience. We contend that model replicability, or independent researchers' ability to obtain the same output using original code and data, and model reproducibility, or independent researchers' ability to recreate a model without original code, serve different functions and fail for different reasons. This means that measures designed to improve model replicability may not enhance (and, in some cases, may actually damage) model reproducibility. We claim that although both are undesirable, low model reproducibility poses more of a threat to long-term scientific progress than low model replicability. In our opinion, low model reproducibility stems mostly from authors' omitting to provide crucial information in scientific papers and we stress that sharing all computer code and data is not a solution. Reports of computational studies should remain selective and include all and only relevant bits of code

Replicability or reproducibility? : on the replication crisis in computational neuroscience and sharing only relevant detail

Replicability and reproducibility of computational models has been somewhat understudied by “the replication movement.” In this paper, we draw on methodological studies into the replicability of psychological experiments and on the mechanistic account of explanation to analyze the functions of model replications and model reproductions in computational neuroscience. We contend that model replicability, or independent researchers' ability to obtain the same output using original code and data, and model reproducibility, or independent researchers' ability to recreate a model without original code, serve different functions and fail for different reasons. This means that measures designed to improve model replicability may not enhance (and, in some cases, may actually damage) model reproducibility. We claim that although both are undesirable, low model reproducibility poses more of a threat to long-term scientific progress than low model replicability. In our opinion, low model reproducibility stems mostly from authors' omitting to provide crucial information in scientific papers and we stress that sharing all computer code and data is not a solution. Reports of computational studies should remain selective and include all and only relevant bits of code

Analysis of longitudinal, torsional and bending vibrations of drill string

The paper considers longitudinal, torsional and bending vibrations of the drill string that occur during the bottom-hole deepening. The equations are presented that show the possibility of applying vibration velocity to evaluate the strength and reliability of the string pipes in case of vibrations

Some aspects of operational reliability of the drill string and its components in well construction process

The paper considers operational efficiency of the well deepening procedure based on the probable drilling performance and the state of drill string components. The results of the pilot drilling are shown with a record of vibrations, which are used to determine the normal operating conditions of the drill string and its components

Analysis of vibration efficiency of drill string using the theory of random vibrations

The paper presents the main results of the research work related to the development of theoretical and experimental methods for assessment of vibration strength level of the drill string components using probability theory. Some data of the experiment statistical analysis are given. It is proposed to use basic dependencies of the theory of random vibrations for the assessment and analysis of drill string vibration strength in the process of well deepening

Surgical Management of Nasopalatine Duct Cyst: A Case Report

Nasopalatine duct cyst (abbreviated NPDC) is one of many pathologic processes that may occur within the jaw bones, but it is unique in that it develops in only a single location, which is the midline anterior maxilla [1,2,4]. Nasopalatine duct cysts are the most common non-odontogenic cysts of the mouth, representing up to 1% of all maxillary cysts [5]. These lesions are almost three times frequent in males than in females [6]. The maximum prevalence is between 45 and 60 years of age [7], often mistaken for an enlarged nasopalatine duct, NPDCs are of uncertain origin. The spontaneous proliferation theory appears to be the most likely explanation (a number of studies have reported cystic degeneration in the incisor duct and on the midline of the palate in human fetuses) [8]. NPDCs are normally asymptomatic, constituting casual radiological findings, though sometimes (in 17% of cases) patients report pain due to the compression of structures adjacent to the cyst, particularly when the latter becomes overinfected, or in patients who wear dentures that compress the zone. The more caudal the location of the cyst, the sooner symptoms appears [3,7,15]. In terms of histopathology the epithelium of cysts is very diverse and includes a combination of stratified, squamous, non-keratinized epithelium, false stratified columnar epithelium, stratified columnar epithelium and simple cubic epithelium [8,12]. The connective wall of cyst may contain nasopalatine vessels and nerves as well as the glandular structures [6,15]. The appropriate treatment for these cysts can be enucleation and in order to prevent damage to the nasopalatine nerve the enucleation is done from the side of the palate [4,11]. If the cyst is large and there is a risk of loss of teeth vitality or creation of a nasal fistula in the mouth and sinus, the surgeon may choose the marsupialization method [7,13]. The rate of recurrence of this lesion has been reported 2-30% and malignant changes have also rarely been reported [1, 2, 13, 14]. Here we report the case of a 28-year- old male who developed a nasopalatine duct cyst in the maxillary central incisor region. The aim of this study was to highlight the clinical presentation to describe the radiographic and pathological findings and to discuss surgical management of this entity. A 28-year-old male with a complaint of an asymptomatic, nodular swelling located on the palate between the maxillary right and left central incisors since 6 months came to the Surgical Dentistry Department of Poltava Regional Clinical Stomatological Polyclinic. The swelling was associated with a dull aching intermittent pain. Extraorally there was no detectable abnormality or lymphadenopathy. Intraoral examination revealed a well defined oval shaped bluish swelling measuring approximately 12×15 mm, located posterior to the palatine papilla in the midline. The swelling was fluctuant and non-tender

Clinical-morphological characteristics and peculiarities of treatment of paraururicular fistulas in children

The aim: Determining the frequency of occurrence of paraauricular fistula in children and comparing the results of their own experience regarding their clinical manifestations, treatment principles and morphological features with existing scientific data. Materials and methods: The results of a comprehensive examination and surgical treatment of 25 children with paraauricular fistulas. Results: Most often, para-auricular fistula was observed in infants 22 – (88%). In 18 persons (72%), they were unilateral, in 10 – (40%) hereditary. In 8 – (32%), fistula was diagnosed immediately after birth. In 17 – (68%) the pathology was not clinically manifested, but was an accidental finding during the next medical examination. Morphological research has shown that congenital paraauricular fistula is a formed canal intimately associated with the epithelium and cartilage, and the presence of epithelial lining on the fistula wall with constant support of the inflammatory process makes it impossible to heal even against the background of multicomponent treatment. Conclusions: Due to the topographic-anatomical localization, features of the clinic of the born fistula, surgical treatment does not always allow to achieve the desired results, and requires repeated interventions during recurrence. It is possible to prevent recurrence by the extensive use of additional diagnostic manipu

The effects of prolonged wear of textured shoe insoles on gait, foot sensation and proprioception in people with Multiple Sclerosis: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Background: Many people with multiple sclerosis experience problems with walking, which can make daily activities difficult and often leads to falls. Foot sensation plays an important role in keeping the body balanced whilst walking; however, people with multiple sclerosis often have poor sensation on the soles of their feet. Wearing a specially designed shoe insole, which enhances plantar sensory information, could help people with multiple sclerosis to walk better. This study will explore whether long-term wear of a textured insole can improve walking in people with multiple sclerosis