Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2002

After adjusting for differences in demographics between the two populations, the study finds that people with diabetes incur healthcare costs approximately 2.4 times higher than people without diabetes. The authors also emphasize that because nearly one-third of the approximately 17 million people in the U.S. with diabetes remain undiagnosed, $132 billion represents a conservative estimate. Moreover, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes increases with age and is higher among certain racial and ethnic minority populations, which portends a substantial increase in incidence of the disease (and its associated costs) as the nation grows older and becomes more racially and ethnically diverse.diabetes economic costs U.S. public health

Session B3: Alden Fish-Friendly Hydropower Turbine: History and Development Status

Abstract: An innovative technology that has potential to contribute to renewable energy development with reduced impacts on downstream fish passage is the Alden turbine, originally developed by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) more recently enhanced by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). This turbine is designed to allow the safe passage of fish through the turbine eliminating the need for expensive screens and bypasses and loss of generation via spillage for fish passage. The turbine features a helical-shaped runner with only three blades. Pilot-scale tests demonstrated that fish survival, when scaled to a full-size field installation, would be in excess of 98% for many fish species. EPRI, with DOE support, funded Alden and Voith Hydro to enhance the turbine’s conceptual design performance through modification of the hydraulic passageways, including the spiral case, distributor, runner and draft tube. The final stage of the Alden turbine design effort included a model test at Voith Hydro’s hydraulic laboratory in York, PA, in addition to the updated mechanical and balance of plant equipment sizing necessary for an actual field installation. Model testing indicated a maximum calculated prototype efficiency of almost 94% at conditions corresponding to a prototype net head and flow of 92.0 ft and 1,504 cfs, respectively. The next stage in developing the Alden turbine is a field demonstration project. While EPRI had two field demonstration projects in development, both have been cancelled because of economic reasons unrelated t the cost of the turbine. EPRI is now actively seeking a new demonstration site. The conference presentation will review the detailed results of the mechanical, hydraulic and efficiency performance of the model Alden turbine and its predicted field performance and relative cost compared to conventional Kaplan and Francis turbine designs

Salton Sea, California

The Salton Sea, California\u27s largest lake, is located in the southeastern desert region of California. It lies within a 7851 square mile endorheic hydrologic basin that includes the Coachella and Imperial Valleys of California, and the Mexicali Valley of Mexico, with a surface elevation of 227 feet below mean sea level (msl). The shallow nature of this hypersaline lake, with a surface area of 367 square miles (951 square kilometers) and a maximum depth of 51 feet (15.5 meters), renders it very sensitive to even slight changes of inflow volume. Over 85 percent of the water entering the Salton Sea results from agricultural run-off, 1.34 million acre feet (Maf), with less than three percent of annual inflow deriving from basin precipitation. The Salton Sea is situated in the Colorado Desert in one of the most arid regions of the United States. Annual precipitation is less than 3 in. (7.6 cm), and mean monthly temperatures in July are 92°F (33.3°C), with maximum temperatures exceeding 100°F (37.7°C) on more than 110 days per annum. Potential evaporation is estimated at 5.78 feet (1.76 meters) per year.https://inspire.redlands.edu/oh_chapters/1161/thumbnail.jp

Eutrophication

Eutrophication is a syndrome of [../152248/index.html ecosystem]] responses to human activities that fertilize water bodies with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), often leading to changes in animal and plant populations and degradation of water and habitat quality. Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential components of structural proteins, enzymes, cell membranes, nucleic acids, and molecules that capture and utilize light and chemical energy to support life. The biologically available forms of N and P are present at low concentrations in pristine lakes, rivers, estuaries, and in vast regions of the upper ocean.https://inspire.redlands.edu/oh_chapters/1160/thumbnail.jp

New avenues for prevention of occupational cancer : a global policy perspective

Non peer reviewe

An Atomic Gravitational Wave Interferometric Sensor in Low Earth Orbit (AGIS-LEO)

We propose an atom interferometer gravitational wave detector in low Earth orbit (AGIS-LEO). Gravitational waves can be observed by comparing a pair of atom interferometers separated over a ~30 km baseline. In the proposed configuration, one or three of these interferometer pairs are simultaneously operated through the use of two or three satellites in formation flight. The three satellite configuration allows for the increased suppression of multiple noise sources and for the detection of stochastic gravitational wave signals. The mission will offer a strain sensitivity of < 10^(-18) / Hz^(1/2) in the 50 mHz - 10 Hz frequency range, providing access to a rich scientific region with substantial discovery potential. This band is not currently addressed with the LIGO or LISA instruments. We analyze systematic backgrounds that are relevant to the mission and discuss how they can be mitigated at the required levels. Some of these effects do not appear to have been considered previously in the context of atom interferometry, and we therefore expect that our analysis will be broadly relevant to atom interferometric precision measurements. Finally, we present a brief conceptual overview of shorter-baseline (< 100 m) atom interferometer configurations that could be deployed as proof-of-principle instruments on the International Space Station (AGIS-ISS) or an independent satellite.Comment: 37 pages, 21 figure

Prospectus, April 9, 1986

https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1986/1010/thumbnail.jp