11,812 research outputs found
Amortised resource analysis with separation logic
Type-based amortised resource analysis following Hofmann and Jostâwhere resources are associated with individual elements of data structures and doled out to the programmer under a linear typing disciplineâhave been successful in providing concrete resource bounds for functional programs, with good support for inference. In this work we translate the idea of amortised resource analysis to imperative languages by embedding a logic of resources, based on Bunched Implications, within Separation Logic. The Separation Logic component allows us to assert the presence and shape of mutable data structures on the heap, while the resource component allows us to state the resources associated with each member of the structure. We present the logic on a small imperative language with procedures and mutable heap, based on Java bytecode. We have formalised the logic within the Coq proof assistant and extracted a certified verification condition generator. We demonstrate the logic on some examples, including proving termination of in-place list reversal on lists with cyclic tails
The UW digital ozonesonde: Characteristics and flow rate calibration
During the austral springs of 1986 and 1987, a series of balloon soundings were conducted to characterize the temporal and vertical development of Antarctic ozone depletion using the electrochemical concentration cell method (ECC). An important part of this study was to perform correlative studies between ozone and aerosol particles. In order to facilitate these simultaneous measurements, a digital ozonesonde system was developed to interface with aerosol counters. The ozone measurements will be described herein. The ozonesonde modification was accomplished by converting the current output of the sonde to a frequency and adding this digital signal to the serial data stream of a Vaisala Corporation RS-80 radiosonde under microprocessor control. A number of advantages over the standard ozonesonde system currently in use are noted
Finite resolution measurement of the non-classical polarization statistics of entangled photon pairs
By limiting the resolution of quantum measurements, the measurement induced
changes of the quantum state can be reduced, permitting subsequent measurements
of variables that do not commute with the initially measured property. It is
then possible to experimentally determine correlations between non-commuting
variables. The application of this method to the polarization statistics of
entangled photon pairs reveals that negative conditional probabilities between
non-orthogonal polarization components are responsible for the violation of
Bell's inequalities. Such negative probabilities can also be observed in finite
resolution measurements of the polarization of a single photon. The violation
of Bell's inequalities therefore originates from local properties of the
quantum statistics of single photon polarization.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures and 1 table, new figure to illustrate results,
improved explanation of statistical analysi
Psychophysiological correlates of peritraumatic dissociative responses in survivors of life-threatening cardiac events
The psychophysiological startle response pattern associated with peritraumatic dissociation (DISS) was studied in 103 survivors of a life-threatening cardiac event (mean age 61.0 years, SD 13.95). Mean time period since the cardiac event was 37 (79 IQD) months. All patients underwent a psychodiagnostic evaluation (including the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire) and a psychophysiological startle experience which comprised the delivery of 15 acoustic startle trials. Magnitude and habituation to trials were measured by means of electromyogram (EMG) and skin conductance responses (SCR). Thirty-two (31%) subjects were indexed as patients with a clinically significant level of DISS symptoms. High-level DISS was associated with a higher magnitude of SCR (ANOVA for repeated measures p = 0.017) and EMG (p = 0.055) and an impaired habituation (SCR slope p = 0.064; EMG slope p = 0.005) in comparison to subjects with no or low DISS. In a subgroup analysis, high-level DISS patients with severe post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; n = 11) in comparison to high-level DISS patients without subsequent PTSD (n = 19) exhibited higher EMG amplitudes during all trials (repeated measures analysis of variance IF = 5.511, p = 0.026). The results demonstrate exaggerated startle responses in SCR and EMG measures - an abnormal defensive response to high-intensity stimuli which indicates a steady state of increased arousal. DISS patients without PTSD exhibited balanced autonomic responses to the startle trials. DISS may, therefore, unfold malignant properties only in combination with persistent physiological hyperarousability. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel
The structure of superheavy elements newly discovered in the reaction of Kr with Pb
The structure of superheavy elements newly discovered in the
Pb(Kr,n) reaction at Berkeley is systematically studied in the
Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) approach. It is shown that various usually
employed RMF forces, which give fair description of normal stable nuclei, give
quite different predictions for superheavy elements. Among the effective forces
we tested, TM1 is found to be the good candidate to describe superheavy
elements. The binding energies of the 118 nucleus and its
decay daughter nuclei obtained using TM1 agree with those of FRDM
within 2 MeV. Similar conclusion that TM1 is the good interaction is also drawn
from the calculated binding energies for Pb isotopes with the Relativistic
Continuum Hartree Bogoliubov (RCHB) theory. Using the pairing gaps obtained
from RCHB, RMF calculations with pairing and deformation are carried out for
the structure of superheavy elements. The binding energy, shape, single
particle levels, and the Q values of the decay are
discussed, and it is shown that both pairing correlation and deformation are
essential to properly understand the structure of superheavy elements. A good
agreement is obtained with experimental data on . %Especially, the
atomic number %dependence of %seems to match with the experimental
observationComment: 19 pages, 5 figure
inTrack: High Precision Tracking of Mobile Sensor Nodes
Radio-interferometric ranging is a novel technique that allows
for fine-grained node localization in networks of inexpensive COTS
nodes. In this paper, we show that the approach can also be applied
to precision tracking of mobile sensor nodes. We introduce inTrack, a
cooperative tracking system based on radio-interferometry that features
high accuracy, long range and low-power operation. The system utilizes
a set of nodes placed at known locations to track a mobile sensor. We
analyze how target speed and measurement errors affect the accuracy of
the computed locations. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach,
we describe our prototype implementation using Berkeley motes. We
evaluate the system using data from both simulations and field tests
Cascading DGP
We present a higher codimension generalization of the DGP scenario which,
unlike previous attempts, is free of ghost instabilities. The 4D propagator is
made regular by embedding our visible 3-brane within a 4-brane, each with their
own induced gravity terms, in a flat 6D bulk. The model is ghost-free if the
tension on the 3-brane is larger than a certain critical value, while the
induced metric remains flat. The gravitational force law `cascades' from a 6D
behavior at the largest distances followed by a 5D and finally a 4D regime at
the shortest scales.Comment: 4 pages; one reference added and a typo correcte
Cavity-enhanced optical Hall effect in two-dimensional free charge carrier gases detected at terahertz frequencies
The effect of a tunable, externally coupled Fabry-P\'{e}rot cavity to
resonantly enhance the optical Hall effect signatures at terahertz frequencies
produced by a traditional Drude-like two-dimensional electron gas is shown and
discussed in this communication. As a result, the detection of optical Hall
effect signatures at conveniently obtainable magnetic fields, for example by
neodymium permanent magnets, is demonstrated. An AlInN/GaN-based high electron
mobility transistor structure grown on a sapphire substrate is used for the
experiment. The optical Hall effect signatures and their dispersions, which are
governed by the frequency and the reflectance minima and maxima of the
externally coupled Fabry-P\'{e}rot cavity, are presented and discussed. Tuning
the externally coupled Fabry-P\'{e}rot cavity strongly modifies the optical
Hall effect signatures, which provides a new degree of freedom for optical Hall
effect experiments in addition to frequency, angle of incidence and magnetic
field direction and strength
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