Estudo das propriedades psicofisiológicas da pintura como actividade criativa remediativa das manifestações de ansiedade

Ao longo das últimas duas décadas, as intervenções de Arte-Terapia baseada nas actividades criativas de Pintura têm sido implementadas em várias instituições e com variados objectivos e fins terapêuticos, diferindo nas suas abordagens (antroposófica, arte-pedagógica e apenas baseada na arte) e nos seus métodos e materiais aplicados. Constatamos que o recurso a actividades criativas, como a Pintura, provocam efeitos positivos nos indivíduos levando-os a resolver problemas e a reduzir ansiedades, melhorando a sua qualidade de vida. Deste modo é objectivo deste estudo pré-experimental efectuar uma análise das propriedades psicofisiológicas da Pintura como actividade criativa remediativa das manifestações de ansiedade em adultos, sem diagnóstico de perturbação ansiosa. De encontro a esse objectivo, perante uma amostra constituída por 7 indivíduos com níveis de ansiedade elevados, desenvolvemos um processo terapêutico, em que foram realizadas dez sessões de pintura, com a periodicidade de duas vezes por semana tendo cada sessão a duração de 45 min. Antes e depois da intervenção pela pintura, foi administrado o inventário para Avaliação do Traço da Ansiedade (STAY-Y), e durante essas sessões foram registadas as manifestações psicofisiológicas da ansiedade, mais especificamente a actividade electrodérmica da pele (EDA) e a frequência cardíaca. (FC), sendo efectuada a sua análise. Na sequência da análise dos dados obtidos nos dois instrumentos aplicados, verificamos que em relação aos marcadores psicofisiológicos EDA e FC não obtivemos diferenças estatísticas significativas para comprovar que de facto existe uma relação entre estes marcadores e a redução da ansiedade. Em relação ao STAY-Y referente à ansiedade traço, aplicado antes e depois das sessões de pintura, verificamos uma diminuição do score, o que evidência a ocorrência de uma diminuição da ansiedade traço nos indivíduos alvo do nosso estudo. Significa isto que apesar de existir uma variância nos resultados obtidos através das duas abordagens, é provavel que a pintura, enquanto actividade terapêutica, reduza o traço de ansiedade em indivíduos normais, com níveis de ansiedade elevados e sem manifestações de ansiedade diagnosticada.During the last two decades, the interventions of Art-Therapy based on the creative activities of Painting have been developed in different institutions, with various therapeutic objectives, using different approaches (anthroposophical, pedagogical art or just art based), different methods and materials. We realize that creative activities such as Painting have positive effects on people, helping them to solve problems and to reduce anxiety, getting a better quality of life. It is the aim of this pre-experimental study to analyze the psychophysiological properties of Painting have been developed in different institutions, with various therapeutic objectives, using different approaches (anthroposophical, pedagogical art or just art based), different methods and materials. We realize that creative activities such as Painting have positive effects on people, helping them to solve problems and to reduce anxiety, getting a better quality of life. It is the aim of this pre-experimental study to analyze the psychophysiological properties of Painting as a creative activity that helps attenuating the manifestations of anxiety in normal adults with no diagnosis of anxiety disease. According to the objective, we selected seven people with high anxiety level as a sample and we developed a therapeutic process consisting of ten sessions of Painting, twice a week, 45m each session. Before and after each session we administrated the register to evaluate the character of anxiety (STAY-Y) and during the sessions we registered the psychophysiolocical manifestations of anxiety, more specifically the electrodermic activity of the skin (EDA) and the cardiac frequency (FC) for a later study. Through the study of the results, we realized that in what concerns EDA and FC we didn´t obtain significant statistic differences that could prove that there is a relationship between these markers and the reducing of anxiety. In what concerns STAY-Y, applied before and after the sessions, we could find a decrease of the score, proving there was a decrease in the character of anxiety in our sample. As a conclusion we can say that, according to the results of our study and although there is a difference in the results we obtained with the two approaches, it seems to as us that Painting as a therapeutic activity reduces the character of anxiety in normal adults with high levels of anxiety, but with no manifestations of diagnosticated anxiety

The legs: a key to bird evolutionary success

Birds are the most diverse and largest group of extant tetrapods. They show marked variability, yet much of this variation is superficial and due to feather and bill color and shape. Under the feathers, the skeleto-muscular system is rather constant throughout the bird group. The adaptation to flight is the explanation for this uniformity. The more obvious morphological adaptations for flight are the wings, but the trunk is always rigid, the tail is short and the neck is flexible, since all these features are correlated with flying behaviour. Unrelated to the exigencies of flight, the legs always have three long bones, and all the birds walk on their toes. This leg structure is a striking plesiomorphic feature that was already present in related dinosaurs. The multi-purpose potential of the legs is the result of the skeletal architecture of a body with three segmented flexed legs. This configuration provides mechanical properties that allow the use of the legs as propulsive, paddling, foraging or grooming tools. It is the association of diverse modes of locomotion-walking, running, hopping, flying and swimming-that have enabled the birds to colonize almost all the environments on Earth

Food Preference Of The Frugivorous Birds In A Fragment Of Semideciduous Forest, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Volume: 84Start Page: 43End Page: 6

The Ringed Kingfisher, Ceryle or Megaceryle torquata (Cerylinae, Alcedinidae, Coraciiformes)? An osteological view

In spite of the unquestionable monophyly of die Cerylinae subfamily, there are divergences in considering Megaceryle torquata in die genera Megaceryle or Ceryle. In order to address the question, here is a comparative osteological study between M. torquata and C. rudis, as well as with the other Megaceryle species and Chloroceryle. The findings showed more osteological similarities between M. torquata and the other Megaceryle species, differing considerably of C. rudis. Also, the data have permited the identification of the genus Megaceryle, with most of the characters from the skull. In spite of not having any phylogenetic inference, there are relevant osteological evidences that permit the consideration of M. torquata in the genus Megaceryle and the maintenance of Ceryle only for reception of C. rudis. Accepted 19 June 2006

Anatomia da siringe dos Dendrocolaptidae (Aves, Passeriformes)

Volume: 64Start Page: 181End Page: 19

Pleistovultur nevesi gen. et sp nov (Aves: Vulturidae) and the diversity of condors and vultures in the South American Pleistocene

Pleistovultur nevesi, a new genus and species of a large Vulturidae is described from the Upper Pleistocene or beginning of the Holocene, based on a complete and well preserved right tibiotarsus from the Cuvieri cave deposits, one of the hundreds of caves of the Lagoa Santa region in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Also described here is a distal half of a left tibiotarsus from Gruta dos Brejoes, a cave in Morro do Chapeu, Bahia state, Brazil, which probably belongs to another not-yet-known genus and species of the Vulturidae. The described material, added to prior literature, is proof of the appreciable diversity of the Vulturidae during the Pleistocene in South America.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento (CNPq)[130053/2006-6]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento (CNPq)[140359/20044]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPESP Fundacao de Amparo A Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPE-SP)[06/51406-1]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)[303926/85-6-RV]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP[04/013216]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP