BHL-EUROPE: Biodiversity Heritage Library for Europe

The Biodiversity Heritage Library for Europe (BHL-Europe) is an EU funded project making available biodiversity literature over various platforms, e.g. a multilingual portal for search and retrieval, the Global References Index to Biodiversity (GRIB), and Europeana. BHL-Europe brings together European digital biodiversity content already available and will assist in future scanning activities. BHL-Europe is asking the scientific community to contribute to the improvement of the BHL-Europe portal functionalities by giving feedback and participating in BHL-Europe workshops or to provide information about unexplored repositories of digital biodiversity content

Strukturmerkmale von Berufen: Einfluss auf die berufliche Mobilität von Ausbildungsabsolventen

"This article examines if occupations contribute to social closure by their structural characteristics. For this purpose the four structural indicators occupational specificity, standardization by training regulation, voluntary certification by private educ-tional providers and representation by an occupational association were created on the basis of the 'Berufsordnungen' of the 'KldB88'. The main question is how these structural traits restrict occupational mobility of graduates of an apprenticeship in the 'dual system'. From a theoretical perspective it is expected that a high manifestation of these indicators goes along with a stronger social closure of the particular occupation and so switching into such an occupation is more difficult. The empirical results show that three structural variables indicate the predicted tendency: the access to occupations which are standardized by a training regulation or certified by private educational providers is more difficult. A higher manifestation of occupational specificity also decreases the opportunities to switch into such an oc-cupation. Contrary to the supposed correlations is the variable occupational associations - it has a positive effect on occupational mobility. The differentiation into three occupational areas showed the same results for technical and service occupations. However, in the production sector the effects of occupational specificity and occupational associations differed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Ausbildungsabsolventen, berufliche Mobilität - Determinanten, Berufsforschung, institutionelle Faktoren, Berufsverband, Zertifizierung, Standardisierung, Integrierte Erwerbsbiografien, Berufswechsel, berufliche Flexibilität, Berufsbeschreibung, Arbeitsmarkttheorie, Berufskonzept, erwerbstätige Männer

Off-grid: solar powered LED illumination impacts epigeal arthropods

Advances in LED technology combined with solar, storable energy bring light to places remote from electricity grids. Worldwide more than 1.3 billion of people are living off-grid, often in developing regions of high insect biodiversity. In developed countries, dark refuges for wildlife are threatened by ornamental garden lights. Solar powered LEDs (SPLEDs) are cheaply available, dim, and often used to illuminate foot paths, but little is known on their effects on ground living (epigeal) arthropods. We used off-the-shelf garden lamps with a single ‘white’ LED (colour temperature 7250 K) to experimentally investigate effects on attraction and nocturnal activity of ground beetles (Carabidae). We found two disparate and species-specific effects of SPLEDs. (i) Some nocturnal, phototactic species were not reducing activity under illumination and were strongly attracted to lamps (>20-fold increase in captures compared to dark controls). Such species aggregate in lit areas and SPLEDs may become ecological traps, while the species is drawn from nearby, unlit assemblages. (ii) Other nocturnal species were reducing mobility and activity under illumination without being attracted to light, which may cause fitness reduction in lit areas. Both reactions offer mechanistic explanations on how outdoor illumination can change population densities of specific predatory arthropods, which may have cascading effects on epigeal arthropod assemblages. The technology may thus increase the area of artificial light at night (ALAN) impacting insect biodiversity. Measures are needed to mitigate effects, such as adjustment of light colour temperature and automated switch-offs

Nachhaltigkeitsberichte: Wer schreibt sie und warum?

Einführung in das Schwerpunktthem

Varejo multicanal: estrat?gias utilizadas por grandes varejistas ga?chos de eletrom?veis

With the technological advances and the emergence of e-commerce, organizations need to modernize in order to remain competitive. As a result, traditional retail stores have also started to adopt the electronic channel as a sales strategy, the use of two commercialization channels is known as Multichannel. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to compare the assortment, price and service strategies used in physical and virtual stores of the multi-channel retail of three large Gaucho companies in the electromotive sector. The methodology is descriptive, of a qualitative and quantitative nature, and the data are primary and secondary. For each one of the three retailers studied, an analysis of the two marketing channels (virtual and physical) was carried out, in three stages, in the first stage the site evaluation was carried out, in the second stage the physical stores were evaluated. The collection, third and last stage, occurred through an interview with the managers of the physical company, to understand the strategies in their perception. As a result, it was identified that, from a "sample" of 1256 products, referring to assortment strategies, that physical stores have a greater assortment (96.42%) compared to virtual stores (76.43%). Concerning the prices practiced, it was obtained, in the analysis, that the stores have no price difference between the channels, since they prefer to match their prices between the channels, in order to avoid internal competition, since a store has the strategy of passing on the value lower on the virtual channel, this makes the virtual channel more competitive in the online marketplace. As for the services offered in physical and virtual channels, both have services that can meet the needs of their consumers. It was also observed that the managers' responses were in agreement with the answers obtained in the quantitative analysis, demonstrating that they are aware of the strategies adopted. Virtual retailing tends to grow compared to physical retail, however, physical stores will not disapear in the near future, as loyalty to the store seems to be a trend, the store remains at the heart of the consumer shopping experience, in Brazil and in the world.Com os avan?os tecnol?gicos e o surgimento do e-commerce as organiza??es t?m necessidade de se modernizar para se manter competitivas, diante disto, as lojas de varejo tradicional come?aram a adotar tamb?m o canal eletr?nico como estrat?gia de venda, a utiliza??o de dois canais de comercializa??o ? conhecida como Multicanal. Portanto a referida pesquisa tem como principal objetivo comparar as estrat?gias de sortimento, pre?o e servi?o, utilizadas em lojas f?sicas e virtuais do varejo multicanal de tr?s grandes empresas ga?chas do setor de eletrom?veis. A metodologia ? descritiva, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, e os dados s?o prim?rios e secund?rios. Para cada um dos tr?s varejistas estudados foi realizada uma an?lise dos dois canais de comercializa??o (virtual e f?sico), sendo desenvolvida em tr?s etapas, na primeira etapa foi realizada a avalia??o dos sites, na segunda etapa foram avaliadas as lojas f?sicas. A coleta, terceira e ?ltima etapa, ocorreu por meio de uma entrevista para os gestores da empresa f?sica, para compreender as estrat?gias em sua percep??o. Como resultados, identificou-se que, a partir de uma ?amostra? de 1256 produtos, referente a estrat?gias de sortimento, que as lojas f?sicas possuem maior sortimento (96,42%) comparadas com as lojas virtuais (76,43%). Referente aos pre?os praticados, obteve-se, na an?lise, que as tem lojas n?o possuem diferen?a de pre?os entre os canais, pois preferem equiparar seus pre?os entre os canais, para n?o haver concorr?ncia interna, j? uma loja tem a estrat?gia de repassar o valor mais baixo no canal virtual, isso faz com que o canal virtual seja mais competitivo no mercado on-line. Quanto aos servi?os oferecidos nos canais f?sicos e virtuais, ambos possuem servi?os que possam satisfazer e suprir as necessidades de seus consumidores. Observou-se tamb?m que as respostas dos gerentes foram ao encontro das respostas obtidas na an?lise quantitativa, demonstrando que eles possuem conhecimento das estrat?gias adotadas. O varejo virtual tende a ter um crescimento, comparado com o varejo f?sico, por?m, as lojas f?sicas n?o v?o se extinguir em um futuro pr?ximo, pois a fidelidade ? loja parece ser uma tend?ncia, a loja continua no centro da experi?ncia de compra do consumidor, no Brasil e no mundo

Social Entrepreneurship

Einführung in das Schwerpunktthem

Fortschritt in der Berichterstattung deutscher Großunternehmen?

1994 führten das Institut für ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung (IÖW) und die Unternehmensinitiative future e.V. das erste Ranking von Unternehmensberichten zu sogenannten extrafinanziellen Informationen durch. In diesem Jahr erstellen IÖW und future bereits ihr siebtes Ranking von Nachhaltigkeitsberichten

risk factors and impact on quality of life

Objectives Emerging evidence suggests that fatigue in myasthenia gravis (MG) is a relevant problem that negatively impacts activities of daily living (ADL). The relationship between fatigue and quality of life (QoL) has never been systematically explored in MG patients. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of fatigue and its relation to ADL and QoL as well as to identify factors associated with fatigue in MG. Material and Methods This was a cross- sectional observational study in patients with confirmed diagnosis of MG independent of disease severity. Prevalence of fatigue was assessed using the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFQ). Impact of fatigue on ADL and QoL was assessed by the MG activities of daily living profile (MG-ADL) and the MG-specific quality-of-life instrument (MG-QoL), respectively. Association of fatigue with sociodemographics, clinical characteristics of MG, and comorbidities including mood and anxiety disorders as well as sleep disorders was investigated using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results Overall, 200 MG patients were included. The observed rate of fatigue was 56.1%, of those 70.4% fulfilled the criteria of chronic fatigue (CF) with a duration of ≥6 months. Relevant fatigue was strongly associated to ADL and QoL. Factors associated with relevant fatigue were disease severity and depressive state. Furthermore, positive muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody status showed a strong association with relevant fatigue. Conclusions MG patients have a high prevalence of fatigue which negatively impacts ADL and QoL. MG-specific clinical characteristics are related to fatigue and might help to identify MG patients at risk for fatigue

In Absentia: an Exploratory Study of How Patients are Considered in Multidisciplinary Cancer Team Meetings

Background: Multidisciplinary team meetings and shared decision-making are potential means of delivering patient-centred care. Not much is known about how those two paradigms fit together in cancer care. This study aimed to investigate how decisions are made in multidisciplinary team meetings and whether patient perspectives are incorporated in these decisions. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using non-participant observation at multidisciplinary team meetings (also called tumor boards) at the University Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany. Two researchers recorded structured field notes from a total of N = 15 multidisciplinary team meetings. Data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics. Results: Physicians mainly exchanged medical information and based their decision-making on this information. Individual patient characteristics or their treatment preferences were rarely considered or discussed. In the few cases where patient preferences were raised as a topic, this information did not seem to be taken into account in decision-making processes about treatment recommendations. Conclusion: The processes in multidisciplinary team meetings we observed did not exhibit shared decision-making. Patient perspectives were absent. If multidisciplinary team meetings wish to become more patient-centred they will have to modify their processes and find a way to include patient preferences into the decision-making process

Roadmap zur Kundenakzeptanz: Zentrale Ergebnisse der sozialwissenschaftlichen Begleitforschung in den Modellregionen

--Elektromobilität