Analysis of a nip impinged, three-dimensional wound roll

Scope and Method of Study: An accurate, nip impinged, three dimensional wound roll model can improve the quality of numerous consumer products. This is because the products use webs that were once wound into a roll. The model identifies potentially destructive stress levels without actually winding, thereby reducing waste, and boosting efficiency. To this end, it integrates a three dimensional roll sub-model, with a peripheral nip contact sub-model, in a recursive exchange. The three dimensional sub-model is an orthotropic, axisymmetric-quadrilateral finite element model that accretes by interfering layers onto each other. It incorporates thickness variations in the web profile in the CMD, variable core configurations, and wound on tension iteration. The peripheral nip sub-model is a linked system of beam finite elements. A winkler elastic foundation, with a non-linear radial stiffness, represents the wound roll, which is radiatively coupled to both the impinging nip, and the core. Control passes back and forth between the submodels as each contributes to the final nip impinged, three dimensional roll.Findings and Conclusions: The combined model is a significant step forward in wound roll simulations. The underlying axisymmetric sub-model is one of the most extensive, and accurate, known to exist. Its CMD radii, and stresses, compared well to experimental data. It captured the tension concentration, and radius buildup, recognized to correspond with thicker CMD locations. When combined with the nip sub-model, the result is the first, and only, model known to also incorporate the CMD compression, and load distribution, effects of nip impingement. Its results show the nip load concentrates at higher locations to reduce their radii. And, its comparison to the 14 pound, six inch wide PET web experimental data was good. Ultimately, the combined model promises versatility, and utility, in its application to improve the quality of wound rolls in industry

互いに密接に関連する細胞内外の機構の個別操作による細胞接着挙動の制御

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第18657号工博第3966号新制||工||1610(附属図書館)31571京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻(主査)教授 岩田 博夫, 教授 木村 俊作, 教授 秋吉 一成学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDFA

Taking the research experience seriously : a framework for reflexive applied research in development

This work was supported in part by the United States Agency for International Development (grant number AID-OAA-A-12-00095, 2011–2022).Interdisciplinary scholarly literature considers how research processes may adversely affect their participants. Building on this work, this article addresses the processes and practices of applied research in contexts in which imbalances of power exist between researchers and those being researched. We argue that research activities in international development and humanitarian work that are typically operational, such as needs assessments, baseline studies, and monitoring and evaluation, represent interventions in the lives of participants, with the potential to create value or harm, delight or distress. The ethical and methodological dilemmas of this intervention have received less attention than purely academic discussions of human subject research. How can applied researchers meaningfully reckon with the effects of the research process on both those conducting it and those participating in it throughout the research cycle? In response, we introduce an approach co-developed over seven years through engagement with applied researchers across sectors. We discuss four interrelated principles—relevance, respect, right-sizing, and rigor—intended to invite a commitment to ongoing process improvement in the conduct of applied research. We also propose a framework to guide the implementation of these principles and illustrate the tensions that may arise in the process of its application. These contributions extend conversations about research ethics and methods to the operational research realm, as well as provide concrete tools for reflecting on the processes of operational research as sites of power that ought to be considered as seriously as the findings of data collection activities.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The SWAG Method

The SWAG Method is an acronym for the Scientific Wild Ass Guess. The notion of a life determined by the SWAG Method appealed greatly. The SWAG Method is a logical way of life. We try to be accurate. We try to be forthright, honest, and good. We try to obey the girl scout laws. To do the best job possible within the realm of human error. But beyond a certain point we must rely on a SWAG. Even science has proven as much. That which was predictable and everlasting proved random . Chaos in a pendulum, randomness in a fixed state. Science relies on proven theories and fixed constants. After a certain point the SWAG method comes into play. The perfection hypothesis is proven unobtainable. But even in Chaos theory this newly proven randomness has a geometric structure of its own. A SWAG within a SWAG.&nbsp; The SWAG Method accurately describes a convenient prescription for everyday existence. The mundane easily replaces the sublime. Social obligations and moral concerns are a farce. The roach crawling across the kitchen floor, the newest edition of the Enquirer, Elvis' transcendence are more important, more intimate then worldly endeavors. The lofty ideal of ART as Savior perishes. Gravity keeps us firmly anchored to the ground. The SWAG Method examines our humanness, the acceptance and tolerance, the celebration and shame of what this culture has created. &nbsp;</p

Preserving Alaska's early Cold War legacy.

The US Air Force owns and operates numerous facilities that were constructed during the Cold War era. The end of the Cold War prompted many changes in the operation of these properties: missions changed, facilities were modified, and entire bases were closed or realigned. The widespread downsizing of the US military stimulated concern over the potential loss of properties that had acquired historical value in the context of the Cold War. In response, the US Department of Defense in 1991 initiated a broad effort to inventory properties of this era. US Air Force installations in Alaska were in the forefront of these evaluations because of the role of the Cold War in the state's development and history and the high interest on the part of the Alaska State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) in these properties. The 611th Air Support Group (611 ASG) owns many of Alaska's early Cold War properties, most were associated with strategic air defense. The 611 ASG determined that three systems it operates, which were all part of the integrated defense against Soviet nuclear strategic bomber threat, were eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and would require treatment as historic properties. These systems include the Aircraft Control and Warning (AC&amp;W) System, the Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line, and Forward Operating Bases (FOBs). As part of a massive cleanup operation, Clean Sweep, the 611 ASG plans to demolish many of the properties associated with these systems. To mitigate the effects of demolition, the 611 ASG negotiated agreements on the system level (e.g., the DEW Line) with the Alaska SHPO to document the history and architectural/engineering features associated with these properties. This system approach allowed the US Air Force to mitigate effects on many individual properties in a more cost-effective and efficient manner

Tension allocation in three dimensional wound roll

Much consideration has been given to the relationship between web line tension and the stresses they induce in three dimensional wound rolls. Three dimensional wound rolls are distinctive because their radial and circumferential stresses are not uniform across their width. The non-uniformity results from numerous factors including Cross Machine Direction variations in the core stiffness, web thickness, or web line tension. Whatever the source, ultimately they produce variations in the radius across the width. In order to maintain material continuity, the incoming layer must therefore conform to a winding roll that is non-uniform in radius across its width. This is accomplished when the applied web line tension allocates across the width in proportion to the rail's local radius, as it converts into the outside layer's circumferential stress. The tension concentrates in high regions and disperses in the low regions. The model presented herein combines axisymmetric finite element analysis with a radius based tension allocation algorithm in order to simulate the actual stresses in a three dimensional roll. The circumferential stresses across the width are iteratively made to sum to the web line tension boundary condition. Comparison with experimental data from three dimensional rolls shows the model captures the essence of the roll behavior. It thus confirms the existence of the radius dependent tension allocation.Mechanical and Aerospace Engineerin