Investigating atmospheric corrosion behavior of carbon steel in coastal regions of Mauritius using Raman Spectroscopy

Low carbon steel was exposed at two sites in Mauritius, namely Port Louis and Belle Mare. The site at Port Louis is basically an industrial marine one whereas the one at Belle Mare is a purely marine site. Though the corrosion loss trend at both sites follow the power law, the corrosion loss at Port Louis was found to be higher than that at Belle Mare. This study has been performed to investigate the surface characteristics of the rust layers of the samples exposed at the two sites, through Raman spectroscopy and SEM, so as to get a better insight into the mechanism of the atmospheric corrosion process. For Port Louis, it was observed that there was not much change in the corrosion products in the rust layer over the 3 years period. The structure was less compact than that at Belle Mare with the presence of lepidocrocite and akaganeite as commonly observed corrosion products. The corrosion rate at Port Louis is, therefore, expected to follow the same trend over the long term. For Belle Mare, the corrosion products changed significantly after 3 years of exposure. Though lepidocrocite and akaganeite were observed on the surface after 0.2 years of exposure, magnetite was the most probable corrosion product in the more compact rust layer after 3 years of exposure. This compactness of the rust layer is expected to have reduced the corrosion rate as compared to that of Port Louis. Significant changes in the corrosion rate at Belle Mare are, therefore, expected over the medium and the long term

COMPUTERIZATION VIEWED AS ORGANIZATIONAL TECHNOLOGY: ITS IMPACT ON THE STRUCTURE OF NEWSPAPER ORGANIZATIONS

Findings from research which has sought to explain the impact of technology on the structure of formal organizations have proven inconclusive, particularly when the computer has been viewed as a form of technology. This has led to conjectures that both technology and computerization have been over-rated regarding their potential for influencing organizational structure. A review of the literature suggested that part of the disappointment or inconsistencies in the findings could be attributed to previous conceptualization and measurement of computerization. In an attempt to understand further the relationship between organization structure and technology, an intra-organizational field survey was conducted to discern the impact of the computer when its conceptualization was extended to represent organizational technology. Rather than considering only the informational aspects of the computer, as earlier studies had, an extended perspective was adopted in which the computer was viewed as encompassing workflow and operations technology as well as information technology. This view of the computer necessitated the creation of measurement indices capable of assessing the extent of computer utilization rather than the number of subunits using the computer or simply the observation of its presence on-site. Published sources and a survey questionnaire returned by 67 managing editors were used to collect data to test the impact of the computer on five structural dimensions of U.S. daily newspaper organizations; specifically, locus of decision making, division of labor, monitoring/control, formalization and administrative intensity. Additionally, the relationship between computerization and age of the organization, unionization and organizational size were investigated. Organizational size was found to moderate the technology-locus of news decision and technology-locus of personnel decision relationships as well as the technology-functional diversification relationship. Tests of main effects hypotheses revealed only limited support for the notion that computer technology significantly influences the structural dimensions of newspaper organizations. While two measures of technology were found to be significant predictors of functional differentiation, organizational age was the best predictor of locus of production decisions and the presence of a production union was the best predictor of monitoring/control and formalization. Despite the evidence from previous findings, none of the contextual variables included in the study were useful in predicting administrative intensity. It was concluded that future research must attend not only to the conceptualization and measurement of computerization, but also to the conceptualization and measurement of the structuring variables, particularly the locus of decision making. Finally, it was suggested that organizational structures which can accommodate and facilitate pervasive computer integration may conform to Mintzberg\u27s (1979) descriptions of Adhocracy

The Effects of Mandibular Orthopedic Re-Positioning Appliances on Resistance Training Performance in College-Aged Men

Athletic mouth pieces have been used by athletes for decades to prevent injury, but they may have more uses than just protection. The purpose of this research project is to test whether Mandibular Orthopedic Re-Positioning Appliances (MORAs) have an impact on resistance training performance. Twelve experienced, college-aged men were recruited and randomly placed into one of two groups. These men were asked to perform three sets of bench press and back squat once per week for nine weeks. These nine weeks were divided into three intervals of varying workout volume and intensity. One interval of high volume and low weight, a second interval of moderate weight and moderate volume, and a third interval of low volume and high weight. One group performs their exercises with MORA intervention, and the other without. By analyzing fatigue patterns between the two groups this study will show whether MORAs have a significant impact on weight training performance in any interval. Results pending

The measurement of graphics in analyzing network news

Includes bibliographical references (pages 66-67)Recent communication research designed to analyze television network news has limited itself, to a great extent, to measuring only the audio content. Concern with the rejection of the video component as irrelevant, overrated or unmeasurable, led to this study in which the meaning of graphic content is used as the data base to compare networks' presentations of a news event. An experiment was designed in which the semantic differential technique was applied to measuring the meaning of the courtroom drawings used in reporting the Spirio Agnew Income Tax Evasion Trial. The analysis of data based on the subject's perceptions of the drawings revealed that there were significant differences between the three networks' pictorial treatments. NBC's illustration featuring Judge Walter Hoffman was perceived as being significantly different than CBS's of ABC's drawing. Significant differences were also found between the three networks illustrations of Spirio Agnew and Elliot Richardson. The methodological implications of the findings from the experiment suggest that when the semantic differential is applied to television news graphics, factors differing from those of previous verbal and aesthetic studies are likely to emerge. The factors identified suggest the assessment of these courtroom drawings as editorial comment expressed graphically, rather than an assessment of aesthetic qualities. The experimental design used in the study demonstrated that graphics can quantitatively be measured and used as units of analysis in discerning differences between networks' presentations. This demonstration lends support to the premise that an analysis of television news is not complete without an analysis of graphic content. This study has attempted to adapt a technique to the measurement of graphic content which, when combined with present methods of audio analysis, could provide a more complete analysis of television news presentations

The girl and the job,

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