Die Quantifizierung der Osmolalität in Futterpflanzen und ihre Veränderung in verschiedenen Stadien der Silierung

Die Osmolalität hat aufgrund einer selektiv hemmenden Wirkung gegenüber Mikroorganismen einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Siliereigenschaften von Pflanzenmaterial. Da eine hohe Korrelation zwischen Osmolalität und Trockensubstanz (TS) besteht, wird der osmotische Wert meist nur über die TS geschätzt und nicht direkt bestimmt, was zu Fehleinschätzungen führen kann. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war neben der Entwicklung einer Methode zur Messung der Osmolalität im Presssaft von Pflanzen und Silagen die Erweiterung des Kenntnisstandes zur osmotischen Wirkung in Grünpflanzen und daraus hergestellten Silagen, um die Eignung der Osmolalität als ergänzenden Parameter zur Beurteilung der Siliereignung und -qualität zu prüfen.Due to its selective inhibitory effect on microorganisms osmolality shows a decisive influence on the ensilability characteristics of plant material. As there is a high correlation between osmolality and dry matter content (DM), osmolality is mostly estimated by the DM and not determined directly, which can lead to false estimations. Besides the development of a method to measure osmolality in press juice of plants and silages the aim of the present study was to broaden the knowledge of the osmotic influence on green fodder and its silages, in order to examine the suitability of osmolality as an additional parameter to evaluate ensilability characteristics and silage quality

The effect of inoculant and sucrose addition on the silage quality of tropical forage legumes with varying ensilability

The ensiling potential of 10 tropical forage legumes and one Brachiaria grass hybrid with dry matter (DM) ranging from 260 to 540 g/kg fresh matter (FM), and the effect of 4 treatments (Control, 20 g/kg FM sucrose, native Lactobacillus plantarum inoculant, L. plantarum +20 g/kg FM sucrose) on the fermentation quality of their silages after 92 d storage were assessed at laboratory scale. Best silage qualities were achieved with high DM Clitoria ternatea (542 g/kg FM), while worst silages resulted from Centrosema brasilianum (259 g DM/kg FM), especially without sugar addition. In general, both additives increased lactic acid production while dropping the pH (P<0.001). High acidification was also correlated with restricted NH3-N formation (14 to 68 g/kg of total N in the combined treatment). Butyric acid concentrations ranged from 0 to 18 g/kg DM except for C. brasilianum silages (30 g/kg DM in Control, 25 g/kg DM in L. plantarum only treatment). No clear effect of treatment could be observed for this parameter. The fermentability coefficient predicted quite well the silage quality for a couple of materials, but not consistently overall. As nitrate was scarce in all plant materials (<2.1 g/kg DM), some clostridial activity was probably favored. Acetic acid concentrations were very low (acetic + propionic acid 0 to 18 g/kg DM) except for Vigna unguiculata silages (22 to 53 g/kg DM). All silages were regarded as aerobically stable during the 4-d period of temperature measurement, except for the Lablab purpureus silages treated with the combined additive. Further research is needed on suitable native lactic acid bacteria strains for tropical forage silages to select the most suitable inoculants for differing forage species and conditions, for improving silage quality. Legume silages in particular can provide a valuable source of protein for improved animal production, which represents a livelihood of many smallholders in the tropical belt

Schneiden von Stahlblechen mit einem CO_2-Laser, industrielle Anwendung

TIB: FR 4373 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Evaluation of ten tropical legume forages for their potential as pig feed supplement

Herbage of Cratylia argentea, Desmodium velutinum, Fleminigia macrophylla, Leucaena diversifolia, Canavalia brasiliensis, Centrosema brasilianum, Clitoria ternatea, Lablab purpureus, Stylosanthes guianensis and Vigna unguiculata from the CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture) gene bank were assessed for their nutritional value and in-vitro digestibility for pigs in order to predict their potential as alternative protein supplement in a tropical smallholder context. Crude protein (CP) contents ranged from 137 to 257 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) (mean 191 g kg-1 DM), although a considerable proportion of it, 27 % on average, was bound to neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Interesting levels of lysine were found in Cratylia argentea (14 g kg-1 DM) and Leucaena diversifolia (13 g kg-1 DM), whereby the latter was also high in tannic acid concentration (49 g kg-1 DM) thus limiting the amino acid digestibility. Vigna unguiculatapresented highest in-vitro enzymatic degradability (521 g kg-1 DM), which even increased in a 40:60 mixture with maize. Lowest degradation was obtained with Flemingia macrophylla (248 g kg-1 DM), while the median of the forages approached 390 g kg-1 DM. It is concluded, that Vigna unguiculata herbage meal has the highest potential to be successfully included in pig diets, while Cratylia argentea meal should equally be assessed in vivo