WINCKELMANN’S APOLLO AND THE PHYSIOGNOMY OF RACE

The taste for classical art that induced museums in the West to acquire masterpieces from ancient Greece and Rome for their collections was stimulated largely by the writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann. In the past decade, a number of articles have claimed that Winckelmann’s glorification of marble statues representing the white, male body promotes notions of white supremacy. The present article challenges this view by examining theories prevalent in the eighteenth century (especially climate theory) that affected Winckelmann’s views on race. Through an examination of different types of classicism, the article also seeks to demonstrate that Winckelmann’s aesthetics were opposed to the eclectic use of ancient models typical of the fascist regimes of the twentieth century

Pupils' and teachers' reflections in the wake of the 2020, 2021 and 2022 cancellation of written exams: The benefits and drawbacks of written examination in the English subject at Norwegian upper secondary schools

This study concerns how cancelation of centralized exams in the English subject in 2020 and 2021 affected teachers and pupils at Norwegian upper secondary schools. The aim of the study is to describe and reflect on how the cancelation of exams affected teachers and pupils when working towards the end of the semester. Additionally, the study also investigates how the absence of exams affect teachers’ ability to calibrate their assessment practices. Finally, the study attempts to describe the benefits and drawbacks of written examination for pupils, teachers, and the Norwegian school system. The study utilizes a mixed methods approach through a combination of quantitative- and qualitative data. Statistics on average exam- and overall achievement grades stemming from nearly 400.000 grades are used to establish deviations in grading in 2020 and 2021. The study also implements pupils’ opinions on assessments in the English subject through an online survey answered by 98 pupils. Materials from seven structured interviews with upper secondary school teachers is used to better understand how teachers experienced the cancelation of exams. Assessment of English as a foreign language learners can be challenging for teachers. The present study found that the cancellation of exams temporarily created an opportunity for teachers to grade their pupils more favorably. While statistics show an abnormal increase in average overall achievement grades in nearly all subjects, materials from the interviews revealed that there were many factors influencing this development. The study also revealed that pupils find the threat of a written examination at the end of the course stressful. The overall goal from these materials is to shed light on final assessment practices in Norwegian upper secondary schools and to add valuable inquiry and research into the field of applied linguistics

Connecting analysis, algebra, and topology; Generalizing Maxwell's equations

This thesis explores the mathematical concepts of differential forms and their applications in higher dimensional geometries, known as manifolds. We will see how the topological invariants of a geometry are related to whether a differential form can be solved or not. We will study some examples to gain an understanding of how the number of solutions to Maxwell’s differential equations is related to cohomology groups

Restraining the blue potential

This thesis analyses the effects on investment incentives of implementing a resource rent tax in the Norwegian aquaculture industry. As the second largest sector in the country, it is essential to design a fair and sustainable tax system that avoids distorting financial decisions, ensuring long-term growth and development. The proposed resource rent tax aims to capture economic rents derived from natural resource extraction, giving the public a larger share of generated profits. A mixed-method approach is employed, combining qualitative text analysis and quantitative net present value analysis of hypothetical investment projects, accompanied by sensitivity analysis. This comprehensive method sheds light on how the resource rent tax will impact investment incentives in the industry. The findings offer clear evidence that the resource rent tax affects investment incentives. First, we analyze the responses to the consultation letter, exploring stakeholder views and highlighting potential effects on industry growth, investment incentives, municipalities, and environmental development. Secondly, we assess how investment incentives may change and how the resource rent tax will affect aquaculture projects’ profitability and financial feasibility. The research identifies several factors influencing investment incentives, including the tax level and structure, required investor returns, and market conditions. Furthermore, it discusses the potential implications of these findings on industry growth. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and potential investors in the aquaculture industry. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how the suggested resource rent tax may shape investment incentives. It offers guidance for designing a tax framework that balances revenue generation and industry growth. This thesis contributes to the ongoing discussion surrounding the implementation of resource rent taxation in the aquaculture industry and provides a foundation for further economic and growth analysis

Restraining the blue potential

This thesis analyses the effects on investment incentives of implementing a resource rent tax in the Norwegian aquaculture industry. As the second largest sector in the country, it is essential to design a fair and sustainable tax system that avoids distorting financial decisions, ensuring long-term growth and development. The proposed resource rent tax aims to capture economic rents derived from natural resource extraction, giving the public a larger share of generated profits. A mixed-method approach is employed, combining qualitative text analysis and quantitative net present value analysis of hypothetical investment projects, accompanied by sensitivity analysis. This comprehensive method sheds light on how the resource rent tax will impact investment incentives in the industry. The findings offer clear evidence that the resource rent tax affects investment incentives. First, we analyze the responses to the consultation letter, exploring stakeholder views and highlighting potential effects on industry growth, investment incentives, municipalities, and environmental development. Secondly, we assess how investment incentives may change and how the resource rent tax will affect aquaculture projects’ profitability and financial feasibility. The research identifies several factors influencing investment incentives, including the tax level and structure, required investor returns, and market conditions. Furthermore, it discusses the potential implications of these findings on industry growth. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and potential investors in the aquaculture industry. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how the suggested resource rent tax may shape investment incentives. It offers guidance for designing a tax framework that balances revenue generation and industry growth. This thesis contributes to the ongoing discussion surrounding the implementation of resource rent taxation in the aquaculture industry and provides a foundation for further economic and growth analysis

Development as a Free Software: Extending Commons Based Peer Production to the South

This paper examines the concept of commons-based peer production (CBPP) in the context of public health information systems in the South. Based on an analysis of the findings from a global network of software development and implementation, an approach to preserve the importance of local user participation in distributed development is presented. Through practical examples, we discuss the applicability of the CBPP model for software production aimed at improving the public health sector in the South, and propose the concept of a “snowflake topology”

Distributed Development to Enable User Participation: Multilevel design in the HISP network

Through the study of a long term, globally targeted effort to design health information systems in the Global South, we explore challenges to distributed participation within and across countries, and describe efforts at addressing these. Networked action research projects can enable pooling of resources, skills, best practices and tools, and cross-country collaboration does not have to preclude local ownership, as illustrated by the case material in this article. We highlight specifically the need for circulation of people, artefacts, and standards, to both support local practices and foster the capacity of all stakeholders to take active part in the design and implementation of information systems. The deep effects of global technological change call for a multilevel approach bridging local implementations with global research and participatory design efforts and co-evolution of standardised tools