Hydranencephalie a Cotonou (Benin) a propos de 3 cas cliniques

L’hydranencéphalie est une malformation rare du système cérébral. Elle est caractérisée par une disparition des hémisphères cérébraux bilatéraux qui sont remplacés par le liquide céphalorachidien. Nous rapportons 3 cas cliniques. Le diagnostic repose sur le scanner cérébral et l’IRM et pose un problème thérapeutique et éthique car aucun traitement n’améliore le développement neurologique.Mots-clés: hydranencéphalie, hydrocéphalie, malformation, système nerveux central, BéninEnglish Title: Hydranencephaly at Cotonou (Benin): 3 cases reportsEnglish AbstractHydranencephaly is a rare malformation of the brain system. It is characterized by the absence of bilateral cerebral hemispheres which are replaced by cerebrospinal fluid. We present three clinical cases. Brain CTscan was performes for diagnosis. Therapeutic and ethic problems are discussed.Keywords: hydranencephaly, hydrocephalus, malformation, central nervous system, Beni

Functioning of Coastal River-Dominated Ecosystems and Implications for Oil Spill Response: From Observations to Mechanisms and Models

Coastal river-dominated oceans are physically complex, biologically productive, and intimately connected to human socioeconomic activity. The Deepwater Horizon blowout and subsequent advection of oil into coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) highlighted the complex linkages among oceanographic processes within this river-dominated system and knowledge gaps about it that resulted in imprecise information on both oil transport and ecosystem consequences. The interdisciplinary research program implemented through the CONsortium for oil exposure pathways in COastal River-Dominated Ecosystems (CONCORDE) is designed to identify and quantitatively assess key physical, biological, and geochemical processes acting in the nGOM, in order to provide the foundation for implementation of a synthesis model (coupled circulation and biogeochemistry) of the nGOM shelf system that can ultimately aid in prediction of oil spill transport and impacts. CONCORDE field and modeling efforts in 2015–2016 focused on defining the influence of freshwater input from river plumes in the nGOM. In situ observations, combined with field-deployed and simulated drifters, show considerable variability in the spatial extent of freshwater influence that is related to wind direction and strength. Increased primary production and particle abundance (a proxy for secondary production) was observed during the spring when nGOM shelf waters were becoming stratified. Zooplankton and marine snow displayed intense vertical and horizontal patchiness during all seasons, often aggregating near the halocline. Simulations of a neutrally buoyant tracer released offshore of the Mississippi Bight showed surface advection of low tracer concentrations onto the inner shelf under high river discharge, high stratification, and variable wind conditions compared to almost no advection onto the inner shelf under low discharge, negligible stratification, and generally northeasterly winds. The interconnectedness of environmental variables and biological activity indicate that multiple factors can affect the transport of oil and the resulting ecological impacts. The process-oriented understanding provided by CONCORDE is necessary to predict ecosystem-level impacts of oil spills, and these results are applicable to other river-dominated coastal systems worldwide that often support oil extraction activities

Effect of wearing a helmet on the occurrence of head injuries in motorcycle riders in Benin: a case-control study

BACKGROUND: In Benin, motorcycles are the main means of transport for road users and are involved in more than half of crashes. This study aims to determine the effect of wearing a helmet on reducing head injuries in road crashes in Benin. METHODS: This case-control study took place in 2020 and focused on road trauma victims. The sample, consisting of 242 cases (trauma victims with head injuries) for 484 controls (without head injuries), was drawn from a database of traffic crash victims recruited from five hospitals across the country from July 2019 to January 2020. Four groups of independent variables were studied: socio-demographic and economic variables, history, behavioural variables including helmet use and road-related and environmental variables. To assess the shape of the association between the independent variables and the dependent variable, a descending step-by-step binary logistic regression model was performed using an explanatory approach. RESULTS: Fewer of the subjects with a head injury were wearing a helmet at the time of the crash 69.8% (95% CI = 63.6-75.6) compared to those without a head injury 90.3% (95% CI = 87.3-92.8). Adjusting for the other variables, subjects not wearing helmets were at greater risk of head injuries (OR = 3.8, 95% CI (2.5-5.7)); the head injury rating was 1.9 (95% CI = 1.2-3.3) times higher in subjects who were fatigued during the crash than among those who were not and 2.0 (95% CI = 1.2-3.3) times higher in subjects with no medical history. CONCLUSION: Failure to wear a helmet exposes motorcyclists to the risk of head injuries during crashes. It is important to increase awareness and better target such initiatives at the subjects most at risk

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKETATAN RESPONS KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DENGAN TREN KASUS KONFIRMASI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA

One of the diseases that is still priority of the world is COVID-19. The disease called pandemic since 2020 by WHO has developed to several new variants are found until November 2021 such as alpha, beta to delta variants. There is no indication for the end of this pandemic, so planning is needed until a response from the government is needed. The government's policy response has contributing to overcoming the pandemic of COVID-19. The Indonesian state, especially its government, is included in one of the countries with governments that have responded to the pandemic and issued various regulations and policies, but still experienced 2x the spike in cases until reports of public non-compliance with one of the health protocols were found. Based on this, it shows the leeway of various policies and regulations issued by the Indonesian government. This study plans to analyze new cases of confirmation with the stringency index of the government's policy response to COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. This research using observational analytical methods and cross sectional approaches has data sources originating from the ourworldindata.org website with a location in Indonesia for the period 2 March 2020 - 28 February 2022. Analysis with value ? = 0.05 using the spearman correlation test as a bivariate analysis test. The outcome of the study reveal p - value 0.000 and value r of 0.369. The conclusion is that there is a connection between the stringency of the government's policy response to COVID-19 and confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia