Évaluation de la productivité en gomme de Sterculia setigera Del. en fonction du diamètre et de l'état de l'arbre

Sterculia setigera Del. est bien connue en Afrique subsaharienne comme espèce à multiples usages et en particulier pour l’importance économique de sa gomme. La présente étude réalisée dans la station expérimentale de Kantindi est une contribution à la valorisation de S. setigera au Togo. Elle a évalué la capacité de production de gomme de S. setigera en fonction du diamètre et de l’état du pied. La saignée des arbres a été réalisée du 1er au 5 avril 2014 sur 40 pieds seins non brulés et 12 pieds brulés de circonférence g ? 90 cm. La récolte de la gomme est intervenue trois semaines plus tard, le 30 avril. La valeur moyenne de gomme exsudée sur les pieds précédemment brulés est supérieure à celle des arbres sains, respectivement 103,25 ± 68,54 g et 64,44 ± 35,32 g. La quantité de gomme exsudée augmente suivant la circonférence. Même si la productivité moyenne en gomme est plus grande sur les pieds brulés que les pieds non brulés, les tests statistiques montrent qu’il n’existe pas de différence significative (p = 0,095). Par contre, une différence significative s’observe en fonction de la circonférence du pied (p = 0,047). Des études complémentaires examineront les méthodes quantitative et qualitative de production de gomme, les techniques de production des pépinières et de régénération. Mots clés : Sterculia setigera, gomme, production, circonférence, Togo.Sterculia setigera Del. is well-known in Sub-Saharan Africa as a multipurpose tree species, especially due to the economic value of its gum. The present study carried out in the Kantindi experimental station was a contribution to the valorisation of S. setigera in Togo. It sought to appraise the gum yield capacity of S. setigera according to stem girth and target trees’ status. Trees tapping were realized on forty bearings non-burnt and twelve burnt trees with a girth equal or greater than 90 cm. Trees were tapped from 1 to 5 April 2014 and the harvest-time occurred three weeks later, 30th April 2014. The mean value of gum exudate from trees early burnt is higher than those obtained from non-burnt trees, respectively 103.25 ± 68.54 g and 64.44 ± 35.32 g. It increases with an increase in diameter. Even thought, the mean gum yield seems greater on burnt trees than non-burnt trees; the statistic tests showed no significant difference (p = 0.095). In contrast there is a significant difference according to the variation of tree diameter (p = 0.047). Expectation studies will scrutinize both quantitatively and qualitatively methods of gum tapping, nursery, and regeneration techniques. Key words: Sterculia setigera, gum, yield, tree diameter, ecosystem services, Togo

Évaluation de la productivité en gomme de Sterculia setigera Del. en fonction du diamètre et de l'état de l'arbre

Sterculia setigera Del. est bien connue en Afrique subsaharienne comme espèce à multiples usages et en particulier pour l’importance économique de sa gomme. La présente étude réalisée dans la station expérimentale de Kantindi est une contribution à la valorisation de S. setigera au Togo. Elle a évalué la capacité de production de gomme de S. setigera en fonction du diamètre et de l’état du pied. La saignée des arbres a été réalisée du 1er au 5 avril 2014 sur 40 pieds seins non brulés et 12 pieds brulés de circonférence g ? 90 cm. La récolte de la gomme est intervenue trois semaines plus tard, le 30 avril. La valeur moyenne de gomme exsudée sur les pieds précédemment brulés est supérieure à celle des arbres sains, respectivement 103,25 ± 68,54 g et 64,44 ± 35,32 g. La quantité de gomme exsudée augmente suivant la circonférence. Même si la productivité moyenne en gomme est plus grande sur les pieds brulés que les pieds non brulés, les tests statistiques montrent qu’il n’existe pas de différence significative (p = 0,095). Par contre, une différence significative s’observe en fonction de la circonférence du pied (p = 0,047). Des études complémentaires examineront les méthodes quantitative et qualitative de production de gomme, les techniques de production des pépinières et de régénération. Mots clés : Sterculia setigera, gomme, production, circonférence, Togo.Sterculia setigera Del. is well-known in Sub-Saharan Africa as a multipurpose tree species, especially due to the economic value of its gum. The present study carried out in the Kantindi experimental station was a contribution to the valorisation of S. setigera in Togo. It sought to appraise the gum yield capacity of S. setigera according to stem girth and target trees’ status. Trees tapping were realized on forty bearings non-burnt and twelve burnt trees with a girth equal or greater than 90 cm. Trees were tapped from 1 to 5 April 2014 and the harvest-time occurred three weeks later, 30th April 2014. The mean value of gum exudate from trees early burnt is higher than those obtained from non-burnt trees, respectively 103.25 ± 68.54 g and 64.44 ± 35.32 g. It increases with an increase in diameter. Even thought, the mean gum yield seems greater on burnt trees than non-burnt trees; the statistic tests showed no significant difference (p = 0.095). In contrast there is a significant difference according to the variation of tree diameter (p = 0.047). Expectation studies will scrutinize both quantitatively and qualitatively methods of gum tapping, nursery, and regeneration techniques. Key words: Sterculia setigera, gum, yield, tree diameter, ecosystem services, Togo

Plantes et prise en charge de la santé maternelle dans la région Maritime du Togo : Plants and mother’s healthcare in the Maritime Region of Togo

Contexte et objectifs. La santé maternelle demeure un problème de santé majeur dans les pays en voie de développement. La présente étude a : (i) inventorié les divers maux bénins de la santé maternelle ; (ii) recensé les plantes utilisées dans la prise en charge de ces troubles ; (iii) décrit les diverses formes d’usages des plantes utilisées et (iv) évalué la variation des connaissances d’usages suivant le sexe, l’âge et l’ethnie. Méthodes. Des enquêtes ethnobotaniques couplées aux observations de terrain ont été réalisées dans la région Maritime du Togo en milieu rural auprès des populations rurales. L’analyse des données s’est basée sur les fréquences (Fr), les valeurs d’usages (VU), les indices de diversité d’usage (IDU), les indices de valeurs d’importance d’usage (IVIU) et l’indice de Sorenson (IS). Résultats. Une florule de 127 espèces végétales dont 126 plantes réparties en 112 genres et 57 familles et un champignon a été rapportée. Les Euphorbiaceae, les Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, les Asteraceae et les Leguminosae-Papilionoideae sont les familles les plus signalées dans la prise en charge de 37 affections. Conclusion. A l’issue de cette étude, plus d’une centaine de plantes utilisées dans les pathologies maternales et fœtales a été identifiée. Cependant, l’évaluation de l’efficacité ainsi que des tests toxicologiques sont nécessaires pour une meilleure valorisation des plantes rapportées. Context and objectives. Maternal healthcare remain a major health problem in developing countries. The present study (i) inventoried various benign conditions of maternal health, (ii) identified plant species used in the management of these conditions, (iii) described the various types of use of these plants, and (iv) evaluated the levels of knowledge on the use of plant species in the care of the pregnant and nursing women according to the gender, age and ethnic group. Methods. Semi-structured interviews coupled to field observations were carried out in the Maritime region of Togo among local populations. Data analysis was based on the computation of relative frequencies (Fr), the use values (UV), the diversity use index (DUI), the index of important use values (IIUV) and the Sorenson index (SI). Résultats. A flower of 127 plan species including 126 plants divided into 112 genera and 57 families and one fungus has been reported Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Asteraceae and Leguminosae-Papilionoideae were mostly used in the management of 37 conditions. Conclusion. This study identified more than one hundred plants species used in women‘s health-related disorders. Additional studies, including efficacy and toxicological tests are needed for better to promote these folk medicine practices

Cartographie et analyse diachronique des ceintures vertes villageoises de la préfecture de l’avé au Togo (Afrique de l’ouest)

La présente étude permet de disposer de données spatiales sur les ceintures vertes villageoises (CVV) de la préfecture de l’Avé et d’apprécier leur dynamique dans le temps. Leur cartographie repose sur des techniques de digitalisation à partir de Google Earth pro. L’approche par télédétection a permis d’établir des cartes d’occupation du sol. Soixante CVV de taille variable ont été cartographiées puis catégorisées en trois groupes. Spatialement, elles se rencontrent plus au Nord. Entre 1985 et 2020, la dynamique des milieux artificiels est progressive alors que celle des milieux naturels est régressive. Quant aux trames vertes, les pressions sont freinées à cause des efforts de conservation.This study makes it possible to have spatial data on the village green belts (VGBs) of the prefecture of Avé and to assess their dynamics over time. Their cartography is based on digitization techniques from Google Earth pro. The remote sensing approach has made it possible to establish land use maps. Sixty VGBs of varying size were mapped and then categorized into three groups. Spatially, they meet further north. Between 1985 and 2020, the dynamics of artificial environments is progressive while that of natural environments is regressive. As for the greenways, the pressures are slowed down because of conservation efforts

Contribution au Recensement des Plantes Médicinales au Togo : Cas de la Région Maritime

The ethnobotany survey conducted in nine markets of Togo maritime region leads to identification of 106 medicinal species in 61 families and 97 genera, including 90 dicotyledons, 6 monocotyledons, and one fern. These different species are used in the treatment of 63 pathologies, of which malaria and Gynecologic disorders are the most common. This vast array of therapeutic indications shows the important role that plants play in medical terms. The infusion and decoction appear as the most used methods of the traditional therapists. Several parts of plants fall into these different preparations. The leaves are the most used. These results of ethnobotanical survey will allow a possible orientation in the choice of target plants for given pathologies and the search for new molecules that are more active. L’enquête ethnobotanique menée sur neuf marchés de la région maritime du Togo a permis de recenser 106 espèces médicinales regroupées en 61 familles et 97 genres, dont 90 dicotylédones, 6 monocotylédones et une fougère. Ces différentes espèces interviennent dans le traitement de 63 pathologies, le paludisme et les troubles gynécologiques étant les plus fréquentes. Cette grande panoplie d’indications thérapeutiques montre le rôle important que les plantes jouent sur le plan médical. L’infusion et la décoction apparaissent comme les modes de préparation les plus utilisés par les tradithérapeutes. Plusieurs parties des plantes entrent dans ces différentes préparations. Les feuilles sont les plus utilisées. Ces résultats d’enquêtes ethnobotaniques pourront permettre une orientation éventuelle dans le choix des plantes cibles pour des pathologies données et la recherche de nouvelles molécules plus actives

Assessment of gum yield of Sterculia setigera Del. in relation to diameter and trees status

Sterculia setigera Del. is well-known in Sub-Saharan Africa as a multipurpose tree species, especially due to the economic value of its gum. The present study carried out in the Kantindi experimental station was a contribution to the valorisation of S. setigera in Togo. It sought to appraise the gum yield capacity of S. setigera according to stem girth and target trees’ status. Trees tapping were realized on forty bearings non-burnt and twelve burnt trees with a girth equal or greater than 90 cm. Trees were tapped from 1 to 5 April 2014 and the harvest-time occurred three weeks later, 30th April 2014. The mean value of gum exudate from trees early burnt is higher than those obtained from non-burnt trees, respectively 103.25 ± 68.54 g and 64.44 ± 35.32 g. It increases with an increase in diameter. Even thought, the mean gum yield seems greater on burnt trees than non-burnt trees; the statistic tests showed no significant difference (p = 0.095). In contrast there is a significant difference according to the variation of tree diameter (p = 0.047). Expectation studies will scrutinize both quantitatively and qualitatively methods of gum tapping, nursery, and regeneration techniques

Determination of the Types of Air Pollutants Prepondering in the City of Lome in Togo (West Africa)

International audienc

Écologie et dynamique spatio-temporelle des mangroves au Togo

In Togo, the building of harbor facilities, the construction of the hydroelectric dam plant of Nangbeto, urban growth and activities relating to the installation of fish farms, and the expansion of croplands are the major causes of a drastic degradation of mangroves. For a better management of this ecosystem, assessment of the current structure of mangroves, their spatiotemporal dynamics and socioeconomic issues related to mangroves were performed. Data from forest inventory, structured interviews and Landsat images of 1986 and 2014 were used. Inventories have identified 23 plant species distributed among 23 genera and 17 families dominated by Rhyzophora racemosa and Avicennia germinans. The hierarchical classification of forest inventory samples has identified three groupings of mangrove plants. Investigations show that stakeholders use wood from the mangrove for energy and fuelwood purposes. From 1986 to 2014 the land use/land cover patterns in the study area has undergone tremendous changes. Floodplains and tannes find their areas increased by 39.91 % and 46.06 % respectively, while wooded vegetation cover in whole lost 47.19 % of its area. Anthropogenic pressures would be the main cause of the degradation affecting mangroves ecosystem services and productivity. However, due to the ecological importance of mangroves, there is a need for an appropriate management plan including the contextual realities of mangroves landscapes

Geo-Based Assessment of Vegetation Health Related to Agroecological Practices in the Southeast of Togo

In the context of climate change, the need to contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 is no longer in doubt, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study of the landscape within 10 km of the Donomadé model farm, southeastern Togo, researchers sought to assess vegetation health in ecosystems and agrosystems, including their capacity to produce biomass for agroecological practices. Sentinel-2 sensor data from 2015, 2017, 2020, and 2022 were preprocessed and used to calculate the normalized vegetation fire ratio index (NBR), the vegetation fire severity index (dNBR), and CASA-SEBAL models. From these different analyses, it was found that vegetation stress increased across the landscape depending on the year of the time series. The research estimated that 9952.215 ha, 10,397.43 ha, and 9854.90 ha were highly stressed in 2015, 2017, and 2020, respectively. Analysis of the level of interannual severity revealed the existence of highly photosynthetic areas that had experienced stress. These areas, which were likely to have been subjected to agricultural practices, were estimated to be 8704.871 ha (dNBR2017–2015), 8253.17 ha (dNBR2020–2017), and 7513.93 ha (dNBR2022–2020). In 2022, the total available biomass estimated by remote sensing was 3,741,715 ± 119.26 kgC/ha/y. The annual average was 3401.55 ± 119.26 kgC/ha/y. In contrast, the total area of healthy vegetation was estimated to be 4594.43 ha, 4301.30 ha, and 4320.85 ha, in 2015, 2017, and 2022, respectively. The acceptance threshold of the net primary productivity (NPP) of the study area was 96%. The coefficient of skewness (0.81 ± 0.073) indicated a mosaic landscape. Productive and functional ecosystem components were present, but these were highly dispersed. These findings suggest a great opportunity to promote agroecological practices. Mulching may be an excellent technique for enhancing overall ecosystem services as targeted by the SDGs, by means of reconversion of plant biomass consumed by vegetation fires or slash-and-burn agricultural practices