Yield and glucosinolate of mustard seeds and volatile oils of caraway seeds and coriander fruit: lll Yield and volatile oils of coriander fruit (Coriandrum sativum L.)

Certain cultivars of coriander were tested during 1983—1985 at two locations in Finland, namely Helsinki and Kangasala. Only five cultivars were available for the trials: ‘Kultive’, ‘Hungarian’ l and ll, ‘Coriander’ LD and ‘Lucs’. The seeds germinated in 11—19 days and the vegetation reached a height of 36—115 centimeters by the end of the growing season. The growth period ranged from 108 to 132 days. The fruit yields ranged from 790 to 1900 kg/ha in loamy soil in Helsinki, and from 120 to 390 kg/ha in crusted silt soil in Kangasala. There were no significant differences between the yields of different cultivars in any single trial, despite the considerable annual variation. The amount of volatile oils in the fruit ranged from 0.34 to 1.49 ml/100 g and the proportion of the main compound, linalool, was 48.7—72.7 %.The small-fruited cultivars(‘Hungarian’ I and It, ‘Lucs’) had a higher oil content than those with larger fruits(‘Kultive’, ‘Coriander’ LD) but growth period of the small-fruited cultivars was too long for cultivation in the climatic conditions of the Nordic countries

Quality properties of caraway seed from various sources

A köménymag minőségi értékelésére alkalmas módszereket tanulmányozták különböző forrásokból származó 11 minta: külföldi és finn kereskedelmi minták és vadon termett finn minták alapján. A vizsgálati módszerek felölelték a szennyezésekre vonatkozó előzetes szemlét a külső megjelenés alapján a zamat és a nagyság, a súlyveszteség (nedvességtartalom), a hamu és a savban oldhatatlan hamu, az illóolaj-tartalom meghatározását és az illóolajban a karvon és limonén tartalom meghatározását gázkromatográfiával. Ezenkívül érzékszervi módszerekkel értékelték az illatok küszöbértékeit és a zamatanyagok jellegét. Tárgyalják ezeknek a módszereknek a használhatóságát. A vadon termett köménymagmintákban az illóolaj-tartalom kifejezetten nagyobb volt, mint az egyéb mintákban. A vadon termett magminták illatküszöbei azonban csak átlagosak voltak. A régi mintákban a zamatveszteség nem volt határozott, és a zamatanyagok jellege élesebben kömény típusú volt, mint a frissebb mintákban. Tárgyalják továbbá a vad kömény termesztési lehetőségeit Finnországban. Auf Grund 11 Muster unterschiedlicher Herkunft: und zwar auf Grund ausländischer und finnischer kommerziellen Muster und wild gewachsenen finnischen Muster wurden Methoden studiert, die zur Qualitätsbewertung von Kümmelkörnern geeignet sind. Die Untersuchungsmethoden umfassten eine vorangehende Besichtigung bezüglich der Verunreinigungen auf Grund der äusseren Erscheinung, ferner die Bestimmung des Aromas und der Grösse, des Gewichtsverlustes (Feuchtigkeitsgehaltes), des Äschegehaltes und der Menge der in Säure unlöslichen Asche, die Bestimmung des ätherischen Ölgehaltes und des Gehaltes and Carvon und Limonen in ätherischen Öl durch Gaschromatographie. Ausserdem wurden die Schwellenwerte des Geruchs und der Charakter der Aromatoffe mittels sensorischen Methoden bewertet. Die Verwendbarkeit dieser Methoden wird besprochen. In den wild gewachsenen Kiimmelkörnermustern war der Gehalt an ätherischem öl ausgesprochen höher als in den übrigen Mustern. Die Schwellenwerte des Geruchs waren jedoch in den Mustern der wild gewachsenen Kümmelkörner nur durchschnittlich. In den älteren Mustern war der Aromaverlust nicht ausdrücklich, und der Charakter der Aromastoffe wies einen schärferen Kümmeltyp auf, als in den frischeren Mustern. Ferner werden die Anbaumöglichkeiten des wilden Kümmels in Finnland erörtert

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Interaction between Model Rough Hydrophobic Surfaces

We study some aspects of hydrophobic interaction between molecular rough and flexible model surfaces. The model we use in this work is based on a model we used previously (Eun, C.; Berkowitz, M. L. J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 13222-13228), when we studied the interaction between model patches of lipid membranes. Our original model consisted of two graphene plates with attached polar headgroups; the plates were immersed in a water bath. The interaction between such plates can be considered as an example of a hydrophilic interaction. In the present work we modify our previous model by removing the charge from the zwitterionic headgroups. As a result of this procedure, the plate character changes; it becomes hydrophobic. By separating the total interaction (or potential of mean force, PMF) between plates into the direct and the water-mediated interactions we observe that the latter changes from repulsive to attractive, clearly emphasizing the important role of water as a medium. We also investigate the effect of roughness and flexibility of the headgroups on the interaction between plates and observe that roughness enhances the character of the hydrophobic interaction. The presence of a dewetting transition in a confined space between charge-removed plates confirms that the interaction between plates is strongly hydrophobic. In addition, we notice that there is a shallow local minimum in the PMF in case of charge-removed plates. We find that this minimum is associated with the configurational changes that flexible headgroups undergo, as the two plates are brought together.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figure

Dynamics of nanoscale droplets on moving surfaces

We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the dynamic wetting of nanoscale water droplets on moving surfaces. The density and hydrogen bonding profiles along the direction normal to the surface are reported, and the width of the water depletion layer is evaluated first for droplets on three different static surfaces: silicon, graphite, and a fictitious superhydrophobic surface. The advancing and receding contact angles, and contact angle hysteresis, are then measured as a function of capillary number on smooth moving silicon and graphite surfaces. Our results for the silicon surface show that molecular displacements at the contact line are influenced greatly by interactions with the solid surface and partly by viscous dissipation effects induced through the movement of the surface. For the graphite surface, however, both the advancing and receding contact angles values are close to the static contact angle value and are independent of the capillary number; i.e., viscous dissipation effects are negligible. This finding is in contrast with the wetting dynamics of macroscale water droplets, which show significant dependence on the capillary number

Yield and glucosinolates in mustard seeds and volatile oils in caraway seeds and coriander fruit. III Yield and volatile oils of coriander fruit (Coriandrum sativum L.)

vokKirjasto Aj-KKorianterin sato ja haihtuva ölj

Yield and glucosinolates in mustard seeds and volatile oils in caraway seeds and coriander fruit. II Yield and volatile oils of caraway seeds (Carum carvi L.)

vokKirjasto Aj-KKuminan siemensato ja haihtuva ölj

Yield and glucosinolates in mustard seeds and volatile oils in caraway seeds and coriander fruit. I Yield and glucosinolate contents of mustard (Sinapis sp., Brassica sp.) seeds

vokKirjasto Aj-KSinapin (Sinapis sp., Brassica sp.) siemensato ja glukosinaattipitoisuu

Towards Controlling the Metallocene/Methylaluminoxane Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization Process by a Computational Approach

We describe and compare the proposed mechanisms of ethene polymerization by the metallocene/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalyst in terms of quantum chemical calculations. In combination with the Cp2ZrMe2 precatalyst, we employ two models for MAO, produced by hydrolysis of trimethylaluminum (TMA). The both MAOs contain associated TMA as a key ingredient for cocatalytic activity. The TMA association/dissociation equilibrium in the MAOs controls the mechanism of catalyst activation, and suggests preference for catalyst activation via [AlMe2]+ abstraction from the MAO by the precatalyst rather than via Lewis-acidic abstraction of the leaving group from the precatalyst by the MAO. Solvent interactions increase the relative concentration of Lewis-acidic sites. Chlorination of MAO facilitates the catalytic processes. Studies as a function of precatalyst structure reproduce the general experimental observations of the easier catalyst activation by zirconocenes than by hafnocenes, and the positive effects of adding a dimethylsilyl bridge and replacing the cyclopentadienyl with an indenyl ligand. The study provides a starting point for rational control of the behavior of the metallocene/MAO catalyst