On the strongly regular graphs obtained from quasi-symmetric 2-(31,7,7) designs

It is known that the five non-isomorphic quasi-symmetric 2-(31, 7, 7) designs lead to non-isomorphic strongly regular graphs with parameters (155, 42, 17, 9). We will show that there exist no isomorphisms among these graphs and the block graphs of the Steiner triple systems STS(31) except the isomorphism between the block graphs of the point-plane design and the point-line design of PG(4, 2)

Difference of Function on Vector Space over F

In [11], the definitions of forward difference, backward difference, and central difference as difference operations for functions on R were formalized. However, the definitions of forward difference, backward difference, and central difference for functions on vector spaces over F have not been formalized. In cryptology, these definitions are very important in evaluating the security of cryptographic systems [3], [10]. Differential cryptanalysis [4] that undertakes a general purpose attack against block ciphers [13] can be formalized using these definitions. In this article, we formalize the definitions of forward difference, backward difference, and central difference for functions on vector spaces over F. Moreover, we formalize some facts about these definitions.Arai Kenichi - Tokyo University of Science Chiba, JapanWakabayashi Ken - Shinshu University Nagano, JapanOkazaki Hiroyuki - Shinshu University Nagano, JapanGrzegorz Bancerek. The fundamental properties of natural numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):41-46, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek. The ordinal numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):91-96, 1990.E. Biham and A. Shamir. Differential cryptanalysis of DES-like cryptosystems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 537:2-21, 1991.E. Biham and A. Shamir. Differential cryptanalysis of the full 16-round DES. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 740:487-496, 1993.Czesław Bylinski. Functions and their basic properties. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1): 55-65, 1990.Czesław Bylinski. Functions from a set to a set. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):153-164, 1990.Czesław Bylinski. Partial functions. Formalized Mathematics, 1(2):357-367, 1990.Czesław Bylinski. Some basic properties of sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):47-53, 1990.Eugeniusz Kusak, Wojciech Leonczuk, and Michał Muzalewski. Abelian groups, fields and vector spaces. Formalized Mathematics, 1(2):335-342, 1990.X. Lai. Higher order derivatives and differential cryptoanalysis. Communications and Cryptography, pages 227-233, 1994.Bo Li, Yan Zhang, and Xiquan Liang. Difference and difference quotient. Formalized Mathematics, 14(3):115-119, 2006. doi:10.2478/v10037-006-0014-z.Michał Muzalewski and Wojciech Skaba. From loops to Abelian multiplicative groups with zero. Formalized Mathematics, 1(5):833-840, 1990.Hiroyuki Okazaki and Yasunari Shidama. Formalization of the data encryption standard. Formalized Mathematics, 20(2):125-146, 2012. doi:10.2478/v10037-012-0016-y.Beata Perkowska. Functional sequence from a domain to a domain. Formalized Mathematics, 3(1):17-21, 1992.Christoph Schwarzweller. The binomial theorem for algebraic structures. Formalized Mathematics, 9(3):559-564, 2001.Wojciech A. Trybulec. Groups. Formalized Mathematics, 1(5):821-827, 1990.Wojciech A. Trybulec. Vectors in real linear space. Formalized Mathematics, 1(2):291-296, 1990.Zinaida Trybulec. Properties of subsets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):67-71, 1990.Edmund Woronowicz. Relations and their basic properties. Formalized Mathematics, 1 (1):73-83, 1990.Edmund Woronowicz. Relations defined on sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):181-186, 1990.Hiroshi Yamazaki and Yasunari Shidama. Algebra of vector functions. Formalized Mathematics, 3(2):171-175, 1992

生体防御因子ラクトフェリン関連物質の抗真菌作用

取得学位：博士(理学)，学位授与番号：博乙第200号，学位授与年月日：平成11年9月30日,学位授与年：199

Effects of Orally Administered Lactoferrin and Lactoperoxidase-Containing Tablets on Clinical and Bacteriological Profiles in Chronic Periodontitis Patients

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of oral administration of lactoferrin (LF) and lactoperoxidase-(LPO-)containing tablet on periodontal condition. Seventy-two individuals with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to take either bovine LF and LPO-containing tablets (test group, n = 37) or control tablets (control group, n = 35) every day for 12 weeks. Periodontal parameters and levels of subgingival plaque bacteria, human and bovine LF, and endotoxin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were evaluated at baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. Significant differences were observed in GCF levels of bovine LF between the test and control groups throughout the study (P < .05). However, clinical and bacteriological parameter values proved comparable between the two groups at 1 week to 12 weeks. Therefore, the effect of oral administration of LF and LPO-containing tablets might be weak on periodontal and bacteriological profile in this study

Localization and Quantum Hall Effect in Two-Dimensional Systems Under Strong Magnetic Fields(Transport and Fermiology)

Experimental researches of quantum transport properties of semiconductor two-dimensional electron systems in Si-MOSFETs and GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures in high magnetic fields up to 27 T and at low temperatures down to 20 mK are performed. Analysis of the Hall conductivity of Si-MOSFETs based on a mobility edge model shows that the temperature dependence of the mobility edge can not be explained by existing theory of localization. The fractional quantum Hall effect is observed at the filling factor of 1/7 in heterostructures. Sample size dependence and magnetic field dependence of the breakdown of the integral quantum Hall effect in heterostructures reveal that the Hall current is carried not by the edge states but by the extended states in the localization in the bulk of the two-dimensional systems

Early prediction of histopathological tumor response to preoperative chemotherapy by Tc-99m MIBI imaging in bone and soft tissue sarcomas

金沢大学附属病院核医学診療科PURPOSE: Tc-99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) accumulates in only viable cells. In patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas, preoperative chemotherapy is essential and the early prediction of the tumor response to chemotherapy would be beneficial for the planning of treatment strategy. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the change of Tc-99m-MIBI images from the prechemotherapy state to the early to midportion of chemotherapy can predict the final histopathological tumor response as accurately as the change of imaging after completion of chemotherapy. METHODS: Seventy-three patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas underwent Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy before chemotherapy and at least 2 times after the second or third or fifth course of chemotherapy. The changes of the tracer uptake (ΔUR) and perfusion (ΔPI) from prechemotherapy to postchemotherapy were compared with histologic response. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the prediction of effective chemotherapy in ΔPI were 88%, 83%, 85% after second, 85%, 72%, 78% after third, and 81%, 71%, 76% after 5th chemotherapy, and those in ΔUR were 88%, 83%, 85% after 2nd, 85%, 92%, 89% after 3rd, and 94%, 77%, 85% after fifth chemotherapy, respectively. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of the ΔPI after second, third, and fifth chemotherapy were similarly good (0.842, 0.858, 0.811, respectively) and those of ΔUR were similarly excellent (0.915, 0.936, 0.931, respectively). CONCLUSION: In patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas, the change of Tc-99m-MIBI images from prechemotherapy to early to middle of chemotherapy can predict the final histopathological tumor response to chemotherapy as accurately as the change of Tc-99m-MIBI images from prechemotherapy to the completion of the preoperative chemotherapy. © 2010 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Prognostic value of Tc-99m-MIBI performed during middle course of preoperative chemotherapy in patients with malignant bone and soft-tissue tumors

Purpose: This study was aimed to determine whether Tc-99m-hexakis-2- methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) scintigraphy performed in the middle of preoperative chemotherapy has a prognostic value in patients with malignant bone and soft tissue tumors (MBST). Materials and Methods: In 90 patients with MBST, Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy was performed 15 minutes after tracer injection before the first and after the third chemotherapy cycles. After 5 cycles of chemotherapy and tumor resection, therapeutic effect was assessed by histopathology. The percent reduction of uptake ratio (AUR) was calculated according to the following equation: 100 × ([prechemotherapy UR - post-middle course of chemotherapy UR]/prechemotherapy UR). Results: The average follow-up for the entire population was 52 months. Twenty-one patients had clinically detectable metastases at initial presentation (primary metastasis). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that absence of metastasis was associated with good survival in all patients, in patients with bone tumor, and those with soft tissue tumor (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.0003, respectively), and AUR ≥30% was also associated with survival in all patients and patients with bone tumor (P = 0.011 and P = 0.047, respectively), but was marginal in those with soft tissue tumor (P = 0.091). Multivariate analysis showed that primary metastasis was the most powerful independent predictor of a lethal clinical outcome in all patients, in both patients with bone and soft tissue tumors (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.61-9.08, P < 0.0001; HR: 15.1, CI: 4.86-52.7, P < 0.0001; HR: 3.7, CI: 1.45-8.94, P = 0.0069, respectively) and showed that Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy had a good independent long-term prognostic value in all patients and patients with bone tumor (HR: 2.2, CI: 1.14-4.43, P = 0.017; HR: 6.0, CI: 2.01-21.6, P = 0.0009, respectively) but not in those with soft tissue tumor (HR: 1.5, CI: 0.61-4.09, P = 0.38). Good disease-free survival was associated with ΔUR §30% in all patients and patients with soft tissue tumor (P = 0.0093 and P = 0.017, respectively) but not in those with bone tumor (P = 0.19). Conclusions: Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy at the middle course of preoperative chemotherapy could be used as a prognostic indicator in patients with MBST. Copyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Thesis of Hiroshi Wakabayashi / 博士学位論文 若林 大