Effect of spatial resolution on simulated rainfall over western Philippines

This study evaluated the reproducibility of simulated rainfall over western Philippines at different resolutions using a regional climate model, Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-ARW). Four sets of experiments with distinct horizontal mesh sizes of 25, 12.5, 8 and 5 km were done for the summer monsoon period of June to August over 31 years from 1982 to 2012. The spatial distribution of monthly rainfall amount improved for higher resolution simulations. The experiment run at 12.5 km was able to reproduce monthly rainfall distribution closest to observed rainfall. The domains of 8-km and 5-km resolutions, which were further downscaled from a coarser initial domain, performed better in capturing the monthly rainfall distribution than the 25 km-single domain setup. In addition, high rainfall amount was simulated over an offshore area apart from the coastline in the windward direction of the Asian summer monsoon westerlies. This offshore rainfall was also observed in other regions of the monsoon Asia

IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIALLY-EXPOSED METAL OBJECT

Abstract: This paper describes a method of automated type and pose (position and orientation) identification of partially exposed metal objects that makes excavation of hazardous materials safe and efficient. The object pose is estimated by matching a model of the object to the area that is extracted from the range image using the characteristics of metal objects. Experimental results show feasibility of type and pose identification of partially exposed objects

Physical properties of the Dome Fuji deep ice core (review)

Recent results of physical analyses of the Dome Fuji ice core are summarized with special attention to new methods introduced in the present studies. Microphysical processes which affect the ice core records are reviewed to better understand the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental signals stored

The vibrational spectra of ice Ih and polar ice

International Symposium on Physics of Ice Core Records. Shikotsukohan, Hokkaido, Japan, September 14-17, 1998

Potential impact of sea surface temperature on rainfall over the western Philippines

Abstract ᅟ The study used a 5 km-resolution regional climate model, the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model, to quantify the potential impact of sea surface temperature (SST) west of the Philippines on summer monsoon rainfall on the northwestern coast of the country. A set of control simulations (CTL) driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis data and the monthly National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Optimum Interpolation SST dataset was performed for the months of June to August of 1982–2012. A second set of simulations driven by climatological SST values was performed for the same period. The difference between these two simulation sets is analyzed to determine the sensitivity of rainfall to interannual variations in local SST, not remote SST, via a regional climate model. The CTL simulations represented spatial and temporal variations in rainfall well, yielding realistic climatological rainfall values with high spatial correlations with observations. The interannual correlation of monthly rainfall over the northwestern region of the Philippines was also high when compared to observations. The results showed that positive SST anomalies west of the Philippines induced positive rainfall anomalies in the northwestern Philippines via an increase in latent heat flux from the sea surface, implying that summer monsoon rainfall in the northwestern Philippines is modulated by interannual variations in SST west of the Philippines. The impact of SST on latent heat flux and rainfall were 20–40%, greatly exceeding the 7% approximation from the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, which can be explained by the enhancement of low-level winds and a weak warming of surface air temperature over the ocean

NEUTRON SCATTERING MEASUREMENTS ON VOSTOK ANTARCTIC ICE

We measured the incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (IINS) of Vostok Antarctic ice in order to investigate the arrangement of protons in the ice and to verify the proton ordering in Antarctic ice previously observed by IINS measurements on Dome Fuji Antarctic ice (FUKAZAWA et al., Chem. Phys. Lett., 294,554,1998a). The IINS spectrum of Vostok ice at 500m in depth has a peak at 19 meV in the region of translational lattice vibrations, while the peak in Vostok ice at 2452m in depth is much lower. Ice XI with a proton-ordered arrangement has a sharp peak at 19meV, while ordinary ice (ice Ih) with a proton-disordered arrangement does not have such a peak. These results of analysis of the IINS spectra indicate that Vostok ice at 500m in depth has a proton-ordered arrangement