昭和 50 年代のプレハブ住宅の維持管理に関する研究 : 大津市日吉台ニュータウンにおける事例調査より(人間環境学)

本稿では1970年代半ばから10数年間のうちに都市近郊に建てられたプレハブ住宅の損傷・修繕の実態と居住者意識から, 維持管理上の問題を明らかにし, プレハブ住宅の維持管理の方向性について考察した。維持管理上の問題としては(1)住宅の耐久性, 安全性などの構造面については満足しているが, それ以外の箇所の損傷についてはいずれも在来工法に比べて不満度が高い(2)住宅の断熱性が良い反面, 自然換気の少ない工法であるためか, 結露に対する不満度が比較的高い。(3)居住者による修理・改善を困難に思う意識が強く, 自主的管理意識は在来工法居住者に比べて低い, などが挙げられる。維持管理の方向性としては, 居住者に見合うような耐久性を保つため, 居住者自らのペースで修理, 改善を容易にできることが課題であり, 今後は個々の住宅としてだけでなく住宅地全体でも維持管理を実施する方策を検討することがのぞまれる

Magnetic Fields and Infall Motions in NGC 1333 IRAS 4

We present single-dish 350 micron dust continuum polarimetry as well as HCN and HCO+ J=4-3 rotational emission spectra obtained on NGC 1333 IRAS 4. The polarimetry indicates a uniform field morphology over a 20" radius from the peak continuum flux of IRAS 4A, in agreement with models of magnetically supported cloud collapse. The field morphology around IRAS 4B appears to be quite distinct however, with indications of depolarization observed towards the peak flux of this source. Inverse P-Cygni profiles are observed in the HCN J=4-3 line spectra towards IRAS 4A, providing a clear indication of infall gas motions. Taken together, the evidence gathered here appears to support the scenario that IRAS 4A is a cloud core in a critical state of support against gravitational collapse.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figures, 2 table

Identification of Autoantibodies against TRPM1 in Patients with Paraneoplastic Retinopathy Associated with ON Bipolar Cell Dysfunction

Background: Paraneoplastic retinopathy (PR), including cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) and melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR), is a progressive retinal disease caused by antibodies generated against neoplasms not associated with the eye. While several autoantibodies against retinal antigens have been identified, there has been no known autoantibody reacting specifically against bipolar cell antigens in the sera of patients with PR. We previously reported that the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 1 (TRPM1) is specifically expressed in retinal ON bipolar cells and functions as a component of ON bipolar cell transduction channels. In addition, this and other groups have reported that human TRPM1 mutations are associated with the complete form of congenital stationary night blindness. The purpose of the current study is to investigate whether there are autoantibodies against TRPM1 in the sera of PR patients exhibiting ON bipolar cell dysfunction. Methodology/Principal Findings: We performed Western blot analysis to identify an autoantibody against TRPM1 in the serum of a patient with lung CAR. The electroretinograms of this patient showed a severely reduced ON response wit

Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin supplementation intensifies plantaris muscle fiber hypertrophy in functionally overloaded mice

BackgroundEnzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) is produced from rutin using enzymatic hydrolysis followed by treatment with glycosyltransferase in the presence of dextrin to add glucose residues. EMIQ is absorbed in the same way as quercetin, a powerful antioxidant reported to prevent disused muscle atrophy by targeting mitochondria and to have ergogenic effects. The present study investigated the effect of EMIQ on skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by functional overload.MethodsIn Study 1, 6-week-old ICR male mice were divided into 4 groups: sham-operated control, sham-operated EMIQ, overload-operated control, and overload-operated EMIQ groups. In Study 2, mice were divided into 3 groups: overload-operated whey control, overload-operated whey/EMIQ (low dose), and overload-operated whey/EMIQ (high dose) groups. The functional overload of the plantaris muscle was induced by ablation of the synergist (gastrocnemius and soleus) muscles. EMIQ and whey protein were administered with food. Three weeks after the operation, the cross-sectional area and minimal fiber diameter of the plantaris muscle fibers were measured.ResultsIn Study 1, functional overload increased the cross-sectional area and minimal fiber diameter of the plantaris muscle. EMIQ supplementation significantly increased the cross-sectional area and minimal fiber diameter of the plantaris muscle in both the sham-operated and overload-operated groups. In Study 2, EMIQ supplementation combined with whey protein administration significantly increased the cross-sectional area and minimal fiber diameter of the plantaris muscle.ConclusionEMIQ, even when administered as an addition to whey protein supplementation, significantly intensified the fiber hypertrophy of the plantaris muscle in functionally overloaded mice. EMIQ supplementation also induced fiber hypertrophy of the plantaris in sham-operated mice

Proposal of a Two-Tier System in Grouping Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix

(1) Background: This study examined the use of a two-tier system in grouping cervical adenocarcinoma for survival discrimination. (2) Methods: A nationwide retrospective observational cohort study was conducted using the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology tumor registry database from 2001 to 2015 (n = 86,754). Adenocarcinoma subtypes were grouped as type 1 (endocervical usual type and endometrioid) or type 2 (serous, clear, mucinous, and not otherwise specified), based on their relative survival compared with that of squamous tumors. (3) Results: The majority of the adenocarcinoma cases were type 1 (n = 10,121) versus type 2 tumors (n = 5157). Type 2 tumors were more likely to be old and have stage IV disease than those with squamous tumors. The number of type 2 tumors increased from 2001 to 2014 (106.1% relative increase, p < 0.001). Type 2 tumors had disproportionally poorer survival compared to other types (5-year survival rates: 68.9% for type 2, 75.4% for type 1, and 78.0% for squamous; p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, type 2 tumors remained an independent prognostic factor associated with decreased survival compared with squamous (adjusted hazard ratio 2.00, 95% CI 1.84–2.15, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: The survival of cervical adenocarcinoma varies largely across the histological subtypes, and the proposed two-tier grouping may be useful for survival discrimination

Does tumor size limit application of laparoscopic surgery to ovarian tumors?

Objective: We have found laparoscopic surgery to be both feasible and safe for large ovarian tumors, which at one time would have been managed strictly by conventional laparotomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential risks and the outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for ovarian tumors on the basis of tumor size. Materials and methods: From among 1248 cases of adnexal tumor treated at our institution between June 2005 and June 2014, we identified 1196 cases of preoperatively diagnosed benign ovarian tumor treated by laparoscopic surgery. We divided the cases into three groups according to the diameter of the tumor: ≤ 5cm (Group A, n = 355), 6–9 cm (Group B, n = 688), and ≥10 cm (Group C, n = 153) and investigated the incidences of perioperative complications and the rates at which laparotomy was converted to open surgery. Results: Median operation time was 59 minutes, 7 minutes, and 73 minutes (p < 0.001) for Group A, Group B, and Group C, respectively. Median estimated blood loss was 7 mL, 16 mL, and 32 mL (p < 0.001), respectively. The perioperative complication rate (n = 4, n = 7, and n = 4, respectively), did not differ significantly between groups nor did the rate of conversion to laparotomy (n = 1, n = 2, and n = 2, respectively). Tumor size was not a prognostic indicator of perioperative complications (Hazard Ratio (HR), 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.79–1.16; p = 0.652). Conclusion: Operation time and estimated blood loss were shown to increase with the size of an ovarian tumor. However, we found no relation between tumor size and the perioperative complication rate or the rate of conversion to open surgery. Thus, we conclude that tumor size is not a factor limiting application of laparoscopic surgery to ovarian tumors

Profile of treatment-related complications in women with clinical stage IB-IIB cervical cancer: A nationwide cohort study in Japan.

ObjectiveTo examine clinico-pathological factors associated with surgical complications and postoperative therapy for clinical stage IB-IIB cervical cancer.MethodsThis nationwide multicenter retrospective study examined women with clinical stage IB-IIB cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy plus pelvic and/or para-aortic lymphadenectomy between 2008-2009 at 87 institutions of the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (n = 693). Multivariate models were used to identify independent predictors of perioperative grade 3-4 complications and bladder dysfunction.ResultsThe overall intraoperative and postoperative complication rates were 3.3% and 9.8%, respectively. Clinical stage was not associated with perioperative complications (P = 0.15). Radiotherapy-based adjuvant therapy was significantly associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications (radiotherapy alone: adjusted-odds ratio [OR] 3.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46-6.99, P = 0.004; radiotherapy plus chemotherapy: adjusted-OR 3.26, 95%CI 1.66-6.41, P = 0.001), whereas chemotherapy was not (P = 0.45). Nerve-sparing surgery significantly reduced the risk of postoperative bladder dysfunction (adjusted-OR 0.57, 95%CI 0.37-0.90, P = 0.02) whereas adjuvant chemotherapy increased the risk of bladder dysfunction (adjusted-OR 2.06, 95%CI 1.16-3.67, P = 0.01). Among women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy significantly reduced the risk of bladder dysfunction (15.0% versus 32.9%, OR 0.31, 95%CI 0.14-0.68, P = 0.004). After propensity score matching, survival outcomes were similar with both types of adjuvant therapy (radiotherapy-based versus chemotherapy, P>0.05).ConclusionOur study highlighted two distinct complication profiles of adjuvant therapy after radical hysterectomy for clinical stage IB-IIB cervical cancer, with radiotherapy increasing grade 3-4 adverse events and chemotherapy increasing bladder dysfunction. In this setting, nerve-sparing surgery may be useful if chemotherapy is being considered for adjuvant therapy