Hairwork in Victorian Literature and Culture: Matter, Form, Craft

This thesis is a study of hairwork—the crafting of decorative objects from human hair—in Victorian literature and culture. Hairwork constitutes not only the hair of an individual, but is hair worked into a suggestive form for a particular purpose, whether commemorative, mournful, romantic, reconciliatory or aesthetic and which may be exchanged to reify a relationship. I argue that, in this way, hairwork is a means and process of representation in which hair at once figures its donor while its working signifies a more complex set of associations that are frequently in tension with one another. Hairwork expresses seemingly conflicting or incompatible ideas but holds them in equipoise: body and object; present and past; life and death; presence and absence; nature and craft; sentiment and fashion; authenticity and artifice. This set of antithetical qualities are specific to hairwork, emphasised in forms of hairwork that became popular in the mid-nineteenth century, and represent its unique place in Victorian material culture. As hair was physically worked and worn, it imaginatively shaped and framed the tensions between the affects, relationships, and identities of its donor, maker, and wearer, which rendered it a compelling subject of representation in Victorian fiction. The thesis begins with a chapter addressing the history of hairwork in Britain which is followed by studies of the writings of Charlotte and Emily Brontë, Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Wilkie Collins, and Margaret Oliphant. Through analysis of how hairwork was represented in the fiction of these authors, I demonstrate that hairwork was not just a relatively frequently represented object in Victorian literature but a rich subject of representation in its matter, form, and craft. Considerations of hairwork artefacts are positioned throughout this thesis at points at which they aid and develop my reading of literary texts: they prompt or emphasise ideas latent in textual representations or illuminate something of hairwork’s significations. Thus, as I analyse representations of hairwork in literature, I trace the tensions underlying hairwork, whether real or represented

The Impact of Adopting and Using Technology by Children

Nowadays, information communication technology is becoming an essential part of our life. We find technology everywhere to facilitate teaching and learning, especially in schools and homes. It always comes along with interactive and interacting approaches to help children learn math and science and so on. This paper, however, discusses the downside effects of using technology to children from age 2 to 17 years old. There are some earlier studies with some statistics indicate the percentage of children who use different kinds of technology in their daily life. Then the paper will be demonstrated the social, cognitive, and physical impacts of using too much technology. Then it will be specified three types of technology as it is common among children: playing video games, surfing websites, and communicating via the internet. Finally, some regulations and guidance are mentioned to protect children throughout giving them better methods to use technology in proper ways and involving children in social, cognitive, and physical activities alongside

Phenol removal by electro-Fenton process using a 3D electrode with iron foam as particles and carbon fibre modified with graphene

The 3D electro-Fenton technique is, due to its high efficiency, one of the technologies suggested to eliminate organic pollutants in wastewater. The type of particle electrode used in the 3D electro-Fenton process is one of the most crucial variables because of its effect on the formation of reactive species and the source of iron ions. The electrolytic cell in the current study consisted of graphite as an anode, carbon fiber (CF) modified with graphene as a cathode, and iron foam particles as a third electrode. A response surface methodology (RSM) approach was used to optimize the 3D electro-Fenton process. The RSM results revealed that the quadratic model has a high R2 of 99.05 %. At 4 g L-1 iron foam particles, time of 5 h, and 1 g of graphene, the maximum efficiency of phenol removal of 92.58 % and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 89.33 % were achieved with 32.976 kWh kg-1 phenol of consumed power. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, the time has the highest impact on phenol removal efficiency, followed by iron foam and graphene dosage. In the present study, the 3D electro-Fenton technique with iron foam partials and carbon fiber modified with graphene was detected as a great choice for removing phenol from aqueous solutions due to its high efficiency, formation of highly reactive species, with excellent iron ions source electrode

Non-degenerate colorings in the Brook's Theorem

Let $c\geq 2$ and $p\geq c$ be two integers. We will call a proper coloring of the graph $G$ a \textit{$(c,p)$-nondegenerate}, if for any vertex of $G$ with degree at least $p$ there are at least $c$ vertices of different colors adjacent to it. In our work we prove the following result, which generalizes Brook's Theorem. Let $D\geq 3$ and $G$ be a graph without cliques on $D+1$ vertices and the degree of any vertex in this graph is not greater than $D$. Then for every integer $c\geq 2$ there is a proper $(c,p)$-nondegenerate vertex $D$-coloring of $G$, where $p=(c^3+8c^2+19c+6)(c+1).$ During the primary proof, some interesting corollaries are derived.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figure

Survival estimation for singly type one censored sample based on generalized Rayleigh distribution

This paper interest to estimation the unknown parameters for generalized Rayleigh distribution model based on censored samples of singly type one . In this paper the probability density function for generalized Rayleigh is defined with its properties . The maximum likelihood estimator method is used to derive the point estimation for all unknown parameters based on iterative method , as Newton – Raphson method , then derive confidence interval estimation which based on Fisher information matrix . Finally , testing whether the current model ( GRD ) fits to a set of real data , then compute the survival function and hazard function for this real data

Spectrophotometric Determination of Chromium Using Indigo Carmine -Application in Various Samples

A rapid, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of chromium is studied. The method is based on the interaction of chromium with indigo carmine dye in acidic medium and the presence of oxalates as a catalyst for interaction, and after studying the absorption spectrum of the solution resulting observed decrease in the intensity of the absorption. As happened (Bleaching) for color dye, this palace and directly proportional to the chromium (VI) amount was measured intensity of the absorption versus solution was figurehead at a wavelength of 610 nm. A plot of absorbance with chromium (VI) concentration gives a straight line indicating that Beer’s law has been obeyed over the range of 0.5 -70 µg /25 ml, i.e., 0.02- 2.8 ppm with a molar absorptivity of chromium (VI) 1.71? 104 l.mol-1.cm-1, Sandell’s sensitivity index of 0.0030 µg.cm-2 .The detection limit of chromium was (DL) 0.0012 µg.mL-1 and a relative standard deviation of ? (0.70 -1.86)% depended on the concentration level. The method is developed for the determination of chromium(III) and has been successfully applied to the determination of chromium in various water samples, Pharmaceutical preparations ,standard rock sample of (MRG-1)

Developing Interventions for Children's Exercise (DICE): a pilot evaluation of school-based exercise interventions for primary school children aged 7 to 8 years.

BACKGROUND: Developing Interventions for Children's Exercise (DICE) is an initiative aimed at determining effective school-based exercise programs. To assess feasibility, we conducted a pilot study of exercise sessions which varied in duration and frequency. METHODS: Exercise interventions were delivered to Year 3 pupils (age 7-8 years; n = 73) in primary schools within Yorkshire, UK. Evaluations were conducted using focus group sessions, questionnaires and observations. RESULTS: The study revealed positive aspects of all interventions, including favorable effects on children's concentration during lessons and identified the value of incorporation of the DICE concept into curriculum lessons. Children appeared enthused and reported well-being and enjoyment. Areas requiring attention were the need for appropriate timetabling of sessions and ensuring the availability of space. CONCLUSION: The concept and sessions were well-accepted by teachers who confirmed their full support of any future implementation There appears to be potential for the encouragement and empowerment of teachers to support physical activity and healthy school environments, and to take an interest in the health of their pupils. Ultimately, these findings should assist in the design of successful exercise interventions in the school setting

Shear Capacity of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) Beams with Openings Strengthened using various systems and materials

This study presents the findings of an experiment conducted on eleven identical fiber-reinforced concrete beams with two large rectangular openings strategically positioned at the maximum shear zone. The primary objective of the experiment was to compare various strengthening techniques for these beams. The beams were subjected to two-point loading while supported in a simply supported manner. Two reference specimens were included: a solid control beam and a control beam with two large openings. The remaining beams were externally strengthened using a range of methods around the openings, including vertical and inclined schemes. Strengthening materials such as GFRP sheets, steel plates, steel bars, epoxy Sikadur 31cf, and GFRP bars with epoxy were utilized. The study focused on investigating parameters of interest, including shear capacity, failure mode, ultimate and first cracking load, crack pattern, ductility, and beam stiffness. The introduction of web openings resulted in a reduction of approximately 59.8% in shear capacity compared to a control solid beam. However, the application of strengthening techniques proved effective in enhancing shear capacity, first crack strength, and load-deflection behavior. The strengthening materials restored shear capacity by 40% to 146% and reduced deflection by 27.5% to 62.5% compared to the reference beam with openings. Ductility increased by 4% to 106%, and stiffness improved by 7% to 97% compared to the control beam with openings. The inclined reinforcement scheme exhibited greater efficacy in enhancing the load-carrying capability of the beams. Among the various strengthening materials employed, inclined GFRP sheets demonstrated the highest effectiveness and superior performance

Shear Capacity of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) Beams with Openings Strengthened using various systems and materials

This study presents the findings of an experiment conducted on eleven identical fiber-reinforced concrete beams with two large rectangular openings strategically positioned at the maximum shear zone. The primary objective of the experiment was to compare various strengthening techniques for these beams. The beams were subjected to two-point loading while supported in a simply supported manner. Two reference specimens were included: a solid control beam and a control beam with two large openings. The remaining beams were externally strengthened using a range of methods around the openings, including vertical and inclined schemes. Strengthening materials such as GFRP sheets, steel plates, steel bars, epoxy Sikadur 31cf, and GFRP bars with epoxy were utilized. The study focused on investigating parameters of interest, including shear capacity, failure mode, ultimate and first cracking load, crack pattern, ductility, and beam stiffness. The introduction of web openings resulted in a reduction of approximately 59.8% in shear capacity compared to a control solid beam. However, the application of strengthening techniques proved effective in enhancing shear capacity, first crack strength, and load-deflection behavior. The strengthening materials restored shear capacity by 40% to 146% and reduced deflection by 27.5% to 62.5% compared to the reference beam with openings. Ductility increased by 4% to 106%, and stiffness improved by 7% to 97% compared to the control beam with openings. The inclined reinforcement scheme exhibited greater efficacy in enhancing the load-carrying capability of the beams. Among the various strengthening materials employed, inclined GFRP sheets demonstrated the highest effectiveness and superior performance