Le projet didactique de Fénelon auteur de Télémaque : enjeux et perspectives

Cet article étudie la signification que le Télémaque a eue pour les contemporains. Cartésien, Fénelon déplace le centre d’intérêt du projet pédagogique de ‘l’objet’ à enseigner vers le sujet, ‘le moi’ de l’élève. Le plaisir devient instrument pédagogique. D’Homère, il reprend l’histoire et le style, mais pas l’esprit joyeux, remplacé par un Christianisme austère. Sous des dehors souriants, Fénelon a une conception pessimiste de l’homme. L’élève doit être sans volonté propre, les dieux qui le gouvernent sont Minerve et Minos : sagesse sur un fond de mort. À ses yeux, le divin n’est pas ‘amour’ mais ‘lumière’.This article studies the meaning that Télémaque had for its contemporaries. As a Cartesian, Fénelon no longer focuses on the ‘object’ of teaching but on the pupil, the ‘I’ who is taught. Pleasure becomes a pedagogical instrument. He repeats Homer’s stories and style. The joyous spirit of Ulysses is replaced by an austere Christianity. This beautiful novel conceals a pessimistic conception about mankind. The pupil has to give up his own will. Wisdom is based on the presence of death, with the reigning gods being Minerva and Minos. For Fénelon the divine is not ‘love’ but ‘light’

Correspondance de Fénelon. Tome XVIII, Suppléments et corrections, par Jacques Le Brun, Bruno Neveu (†) et Irénée Noye

Avec ce XVIIIe tome s’achève la publication de la Correspondance de Fénelon, commencée en 1976 sous la direction de Jean Orcibal, et menée à terme depuis le tome VI, en 1987, par Jacques Le Brun et Irénée Noye. Ce dernier volume, Suppléments et corrections, fait en quelque sorte pendant au premier, entièrement consacré à la présentation, par Jean Orcibal, de Fénelon, sa famille et ses débuts. La correspondance à proprement parler comprend désormais huit volumes, accompagnés chacun d’un deuxiè..

Le projet didactique de Fénelon auteur de Télémaque : enjeux et perspectives

Cet article étudie la signification que le Télémaque a eue pour les contemporains. Cartésien, Fénelon déplace le centre d’intérêt du projet pédagogique de ‘l’objet’ à enseigner vers le sujet, ‘le moi’ de l’élève. Le plaisir devient instrument pédagogique. D’Homère, il reprend l’histoire et le style, mais pas l’esprit joyeux, remplacé par un Christianisme austère. Sous des dehors souriants, Fénelon a une conception pessimiste de l’homme. L’élève doit être sans volonté propre, les dieux qui le gouvernent sont Minerve et Minos : sagesse sur un fond de mort. À ses yeux, le divin n’est pas ‘amour’ mais ‘lumière’.This article studies the meaning that Télémaque had for its contemporaries. As a Cartesian, Fénelon no longer focuses on the ‘object’ of teaching but on the pupil, the ‘I’ who is taught. Pleasure becomes a pedagogical instrument. He repeats Homer’s stories and style. The joyous spirit of Ulysses is replaced by an austere Christianity. This beautiful novel conceals a pessimistic conception about mankind. The pupil has to give up his own will. Wisdom is based on the presence of death, with the reigning gods being Minerva and Minos. For Fénelon the divine is not ‘love’ but ‘light’

Le créateur littéraire et la fantaisie

Le créateur littéraire et la fantaisie est le texte d’une conférence prononcée par Freud à Vienne le 6 décembre 1906 et qui a eu un certain retentissement à l’époque. Son accueil par le public ce jour-là et, le lendemain, par le grand journal viennois Die Zeit, contraste avec celui que L’Interprétation des Rêves avait reçu sept ans plus tôt1 . Après le silence, la réticence, c’est désormais la reconnaissance, le début même d’une certaine renommée. Le texte de cette conférence s’insère dans le cadre des études que Freud a lancées depuis quelques années et qu’il appelle ‘psychologie appliquée’ (angewandte Seelenkunde), auxquelles participent des gens comme Abraham, Jung, Jones, Rank et Pfister. Lui-même va bientôt publier sa Gradiva dans cette collection

Correspondance de Fénelon. Tome XVIII, Suppléments et corrections, par Jacques Le Brun, Bruno Neveu (†) et Irénée Noye

Avec ce XVIIIe tome s’achève la publication de la Correspondance de Fénelon, commencée en 1976 sous la direction de Jean Orcibal, et menée à terme depuis le tome VI, en 1987, par Jacques Le Brun et Irénée Noye. Ce dernier volume, Suppléments et corrections, fait en quelque sorte pendant au premier, entièrement consacré à la présentation, par Jean Orcibal, de Fénelon, sa famille et ses débuts. La correspondance à proprement parler comprend désormais huit volumes, accompagnés chacun d’un deuxiè..

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy expanding horizons in corneal imaging

Confocal microscopy is an emerging optical technique that allows the living human cornea to be imaged on a cellular level. As such, confocal microscopy enables morphologic and quantitative analysis of corneal resident cells in health and disease and provides an exciting bridge between in vivo diagnosis and ex vivo histological confirmation of pathologic processes

Social fabric: a sustainable social-entrepreneurial fashion collaboration with female refugees in New Zealand

This paper describes a Master of Art and Design research project developing a social entrepreneurial design process in fashion. This is a multi method approach focussed upon a Participatory Action Research methodology, to develop creative practice and a relational business model for female refugee outworkers and myself a fashion designer resulting in long term rewarding employment. The project has two primary strands for discussion. Firstly, visual documentation and analysis of textile and garment development incorporating the refugees’ cultural references. Using drawing, embroidery, dyeing and construction skills of the participants in a collaborative design and production process with the researcher, has resulted in the development of a womenswear collection of T shirts. Secondly; the process findings and outcomes of the pilot study which often cross the boundaries of aesthetics, technology, craft, and ethics; drawing together western and developing world cultures in a creative dialogue will be presented. In conclusion, the aims, objectives, outcomes of and potential of this socially sustainable design model, which could be applicable to refugee agencies and New Zealand fashion designers, will be gauged and discussed

Redefining Hypo- and Hyper-Responding Phenotypes of CFTR Mutants for Understanding and Therapy

Mutations in CFTR cause misfolding and decreased or absent ion-channel function, resulting in the disease Cystic Fibrosis. Fortunately, a triple-modulator combination therapy (Trikafta) has been FDA-approved for 178 mutations, including all patients who have F508del on one allele. That so many CFTR mutants respond well to modulators developed for a single mutation is due to the nature of the folding process of this multidomain protein. We have addressed the question 'What characterizes the exceptions: the mutants that functionally respond either not or extremely well'. A functional response is the product of the number of CFTR molecules on the cell surface, open probability, and conductivity of the CFTR chloride channel. By combining biosynthetic radiolabeling with protease-susceptibility assays, we have followed CF-causing mutants during the early and late stages of folding in the presence and absence of modulators. Most CFTR mutants showed typical biochemical responses for each modulator, such as a TMD1 conformational change or an increase in (cell-surface) stability, regardless of a functional response. These modulators thus should still be considered for hypo-responder genotypes. Understanding both biochemical and functional phenotypes of outlier mutations will boost our insights into CFTR folding and misfolding, and lead to improved therapeutic strategies

Corneal confocal microscopy alterations in Sjögren syndrome dry eye

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate light backscattering (LB) in corneal layers in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (SSDE) utilizing in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCM) and to determine the eventual association with the lacrimal functional test values.MethodsA complete ophthalmic evaluation, Schirmer test with and without stimulation, break‐up time (BUT) and IVCM were performed on 55 patients affected by SSDE and in an age‐ and sex‐matched cohort of healthy participants (HP). Light backscattering, measures as light reflectivity unit (LRU), detected by IVCM at Bowman's membrane (BM) at 50 μm, at 100 μm and at 200 μm deeper than BM was compared in the two groups. The correlations between LB values and lacrimal function results were evaluated.ResultsIn patients affected by SSDE, LB was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in each corneal layer examined (+14 ± 6.33 LRU at BM), compared with HP. A good reverse correlation between the light reflectivity measures at BM with Schirmer test with (r = −0.91) and without (r = −0.90) stimulation and BUT (r = −0.88) was found. Correlations were lower in the deeper corneal layers.ConclusionEven if our results should be confirmed in further studies with a larger population, these findings show that IVCM is a device able to detect alterations in corneal layers in SSDE patients related to the lacrimal function. Light backscattering (LB) could be very useful for clinical diagnosis and management of SSDE