8 research outputs found
Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD-FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD-FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ-FDRs, 867 BD-FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ-FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD-FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ-FDRs (d = â0.42, p = 3 Ă 10â5), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD-FDRs (d = â0.23, p =.045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group-effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ-FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD-FDRs. To conclude, SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment
Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
Firstâdegree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZâFDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. Firstâdegree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BDâFDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BDâFDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a metaâanalysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZâFDRs, 867 BDâFDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZâFDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BDâFDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZâFDRs (d = â0.42, p = 3âĂâ10â5), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BDâFDRs (d = â0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the groupâeffects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZâFDRs and more pronounced effects in BDâFDRs. To conclude, SZâFDRs and BDâFDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZâFDRs and BDâFDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment
Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial highârisk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
Firstâdegree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZâFDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. Firstâdegree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BDâFDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BDâFDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a metaâanalysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZâFDRs, 867 BDâFDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZâFDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BDâFDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZâFDRs (d = â0.42, p = 3âĂâ10â5), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BDâFDRs (d = â0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the groupâeffects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZâFDRs and more pronounced effects in BDâFDRs. To conclude, SZâFDRs and BDâFDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZâFDRs and BDâFDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment
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Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD-FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD-FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ-FDRs, 867 BD-FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ-FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD-FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ-FDRs (d = -0.42, p = 3âĂâ10-5 ), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD-FDRs (d = -0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group-effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ-FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD-FDRs. To conclude, SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment
Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD-FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD-FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ-FDRs, 867 BD-FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ-FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD-FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ-FDRs (d= -0.42,p= 3 x 10(-5)), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD-FDRs (d= -0.23,p= .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group-effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ-FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD-FDRs. To conclude, SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment
Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD-FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD-FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ-FDRs, 867 BD-FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ-FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD-FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ-FDRs (d = â0.42, p = 3 Ă 10â5), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD-FDRs (d = â0.23, p =.045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group-effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ-FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD-FDRs. To conclude, SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment
Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
Firstâdegree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZâFDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. Firstâdegree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BDâFDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BDâFDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a metaâanalysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZâFDRs, 867 BDâFDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZâFDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BDâFDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZâFDRs (d = â0.42, p = 3âĂâ10(â5)), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BDâFDRs (d = â0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the groupâeffects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZâFDRs and more pronounced effects in BDâFDRs. To conclude, SZâFDRs and BDâFDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZâFDRs and BDâFDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment