MEFV gene mutations in neuro-Behçet's disease and neuro-Sweet disease

ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology. 6(12): 2595-2600 (2019)journal articl

Globetrotting strangles: the unbridled national and international transmission of Streptococcus equi between horses.

The equine disease strangles, which is characterized by the formation of abscesses in the lymph nodes of the head and neck, is one of the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases of horses around the world. The causal agent, Streptococcus equi subspecies equi, establishes a persistent infection in approximately 10 % of animals that recover from the acute disease. Such 'carrier' animals appear healthy and are rarely identified during routine veterinary examinations pre-purchase or transit, but can transmit S. equi to naïve animals initiating new episodes of disease. Here, we report the analysis and visualization of phylogenomic and epidemiological data for 670 isolates of S. equi recovered from 19 different countries using a new core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) web bioresource. Genetic relationships among all 670 S. equi isolates were determined at high resolution, revealing national and international transmission events that drive this endemic disease in horse populations throughout the world. Our data argue for the recognition of the international importance of strangles by the Office International des Épizooties to highlight the health, welfare and economic cost of this disease. The Pathogenwatch cgMLST web bioresource described herein is available for tailored genomic analysis of populations of S. equi and its close relative S. equi subspecies zooepidemicus that are recovered from horses and other animals, including humans, throughout the world. This article contains data hosted by Microreact

Review of the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level

This study reviews the fiscal theory of the price level (FTPL). Our goal is to briefly explain the following three points. First, how is an equilibrium determined in a simple model where prices are perfectly flexible and only oneperiod government bonds? Second, what is the intuition for equilibrium determination? Third, how does introducing long-term bonds or nominal price rigidities change results in the simplest case

Should the fiscal authority avoid implementation lag?

Implementation lags are one of policymakers’ concerns about fiscal policies, as these may reduce their efficacy. Using a standard New Keynesian model with an effective lower bound on the nominal interest rate, we compare the impacts of fiscal stimulus on output across various lengths of implementation lag. We show that despite concerns among policymakers, a fiscal authority can enhance the efficacy of government purchases on output with implementation lags when the economy is caught in a liquidity trap