Multi-institutional study of the variability in target delineation for six targets commonly treated with radiosurgery

<p><b>Background:</b> Although accurate delineation of the target is a key factor of success in radiosurgery there are no consensus guidelines for target contouring. </p> <p><b>Aim:</b> The aim of the present study was therefore to quantify the variability in target delineation and discuss the potential clinical implications, for six targets regarded as common in stereotactic radiosurgery.</p> <p><b>Material and methods:</b> Twelve Gamma Knife centers participated in the study by contouring the targets and organs at risks and performing the treatment plans. Analysis of target delineation variability was based on metrics defined based on agreement volumes derived from overlapping structures following a previously developed method. The 50% agreement volume (AV₅₀), the common and the encompassing volumes as well as the Agreement Volume Index (AVI) were determined.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Results showed that the lowest AVI (0.16) was found for one of the analyzed metastases (range of delineated volumes 1.27–3.33 cm³). AVI for the other two metastases was 0.62 and 0.37, respectively. Corresponding AVIs for the cavernous sinus meningioma, pituitary adenoma and vestibular schwannoma were 0.22, 0.37 and 0.50.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> This study showed that the variability in the contouring was much higher than expected and therefore further work in standardizing the contouring practice in radiosurgery is warranted.</p