Differentiated Use of Small Business Credit Scoring by Relationship Lenders and Transactional Lenders: Evidence from firm-bank matched data in Japan

This paper examines the ex-post performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that obtained small business credit scoring (SBCS) loans. Using a unique Japanese firm-bank matched dataset, we identify whether an SME has obtained an SBCS loan and, if so, from which type of bank: a relationship lender or a transactional lender. We find that the ex-post probability of default after the SBCS loan was provided significantly increased for SMEs that obtained an SBCS loan from a transactional lender. We also find that the lending attitude of relationship lenders in the midst of the recent global financial crisis became much more severe if a transactional lender had extended an SBCS loan to a firm. These findings suggest that SBCS loans by a transactional lender are detrimental to a relationship lender's incentive to monitor SMEs and maintain relationships. In contrast, we do not find such detrimental effects for SBCS loans extended by a relationship lender.

Verdade processual e estratégias de silenciamento das denúnicas de violência policial na guerra contra as drogas

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, 2014.O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as relações que se estabelecem entre a verdade processual e a tortura e, a partir disso, buscar compreender de que forma as denúncias de violência policial são silenciadas na atuação dos juízes e dos tribunais brasileiros. Com esse enfoque, foram examinados processos que tratavam do tráfico de entorpecentes e que tramitaram em varas criminais de Salvador-BA, Curitiba-PR e Brasília-DF. ____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the relations between torture and procedural truth and understand how the allegations of police violence are silenced by brazilian judges and courts. With this approach, cases involving drug trafficking which were processed in the criminal courts of Salvador-BA, Curitiba-PR and Brasilia-DF were examined

タバコ懸濁培養細胞におけるアルミニウムの二価鉄、銅およびカドミウム毒性に対する影響

The effects of aluminum (Al) on the cytotoxicity of ferrous iron (Fe(Ⅱ)), copper(Cu) and cadmium(Cd) were studied. Log-phase cells were treated with either FeSO4,CuSO4, or CdCl2 in the presence or absence of AlCl3(120μM) for 18h at pH 4.0. After the treatment, the viability was determined as relative growth of the metal-treated cells to the untreated control cells during the post-treated culture. A single treated with either Al, Fe(Ⅱ) or Cd did not inhibit the growth at the metal concerntrations up to 300 μM, 200 μM and 500 μM, respectively, whereas the growth was markedly inhibited at 15 μM Cu. Thus,the cells were relatively insensitive to Al, Fe(Ⅱ) and Cd and sensitive to Cu. When cells were treated with both Fe(Ⅱ)(120 μM)and Al(120μM), the growth was significantly inhibited and the cellular contents of both Al and Fe increased synergistically. After the treatment with Cu(0 to 10 μM) with or without Al, the cells grew more vigorously when they were treated in the presence of Al, althrouh the Cu content of the cells were not alterd by Al. The presence of Al during the treatmemt with Cd(0 to 2 μM) had no effect on the degree of growth inhibition by Cd. Thus, Al interacts with the toxicity of Fe(Ⅱ), Cu and Cd in different manners; synergistic with Fe(Ⅱ), antagonistic with Cu and apparently no effeco on Cd.二価鉄[Fe(Ⅱ)]、銅（Cu)およびカドミウム（Cd）の細胞毒性に対するアルミニウム（Al）の効果について検討した。120μM AlCl3の存在もしくは非存在下において、対数増殖期の細胞をFeSO4,CuSO4,CdCl2で各々18時間、pH4.0で処理した。処理後の生存率は、処理後の細胞を増殖させたのちに、未処理細胞（コントロール）の増殖に対する金属で処理した細胞の相対増殖率で求めた。Al,Fe(Ⅱ),Cdの単独処理による増殖阻害は、各々300μM、200μM、500μMの濃度まで観察されなかったが、Cuでは15μMで大きく阻害された。このように、タバコ細胞は相対的にAl、Fe（Ⅱ）、Cdには感受性が低く、Cuには感受性が高かった。細胞をFe（Ⅱ）およびAlの両方で処理すると、増殖は著しく阻害され、AlおよびFeの細胞内含量も相乗的に増加した。Cuで処理した場合、Alを加えることにより逆に増殖率が増加した。しかし、細胞内Cu含量はAlの影響を受けなかった。Cd処理の場合、Alを加えてもCdによる増殖阻害の程度は変わらなかった。このように、AlはFe（Ⅱ）、Cu、Cd毒性に対して各々異なる相互作用を示し、Fe（Ⅱ）に対し、相乗効果を、Cuに対しては拮抗的な阻害を示したが、Cdに対してはみかけ上効果がなかった

ラット大脳白質病変モデルの作製とその応用

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 岩坪 威, 東京大学教授 辻 省次, 東京大学教授 笠井 清登, 東京大学教授 餐場 篤, 東京大学准教授 星 和人University of Tokyo(東京大学

〈報告〉日本語・日本事情遠隔教育拠点報告2018

本稿では、2017年度後半から2018年度前半に日本語・日本事情遠隔教育拠点で行った事業について報告する。まずコンテンツ開発については、2017年度前半から続くコンテンツ開発に加え、日本で生活する外国人を対象にした多文化共生サポートアプリの制作計画について述べた。次に日本語拠点の事業に留まらず、日本語教育で行われている様々な実践を多くの方々に共有する目的で行った5つの講演会について、その概要をまとめた。最後に、日本語拠点の事業を海外のイベントなどでも発信することで国際的なネットワークの構築に向けて動きだしている点についても触れた。This report presents the activities and projects carried out at the Center of Distance Learning of Japanese and Japanese Issues stretching from the 2nd half of the fiscal year 2017 to the 1st half of the fiscal year 2018. First, we address our achievements in content development. Besides the ongoing content development project running since the 1st half of the fiscal year 2017, we also report on a newly developed software application. Next, we cover five lectures that were organized to share the varied practices in Japanese Language Education with a wide audience. Finally, we outline how by promoting our projects at international level events abroad, we strive to launch an international network

Prototyping Hexagonal Light Concentrators Using High-Reflectance Specular Films for the Large-Sized Telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

We have developed a prototype hexagonal light concentrator for the Large-Sized Telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array. To maximize the photodetection efficiency of the focal-plane camera pixels for atmospheric Cherenkov photons and to lower the energy threshold, a specular film with a very high reflectance of 92-99% has been developed to cover the inner surfaces of the light concentrators. The prototype has a relative anode sensitivity (which can be roughly regarded as collection efficiency) of about 95 to 105% at the most important angles of incidence. The design, simulation, production procedure, and performance measurements of the light-concentrator prototype are reported.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in JINS

Differentiated Use of Small Business Credit Scoring by Relationship Lenders and Transactional Lenders : Evidence from Firm-Bank Matched Data in Japan

This paper examines the ex-post performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that obtained small business credit scoring (SBCS) loans by using a unique Japanese firm-bank matched dataset. The ex-post probability of default after the SBCS loan was provided significantly increased for SMEs that obtained an SBCS loan from a transactional lender. Also, the lending attitude of relationship lenders during the recent global financial crisis was more severe if a transactional lender had extended an SBCS loan to a firm. These findings suggest that SBCS loans by a transactional lender are more prone to type II errors and detrimental to a relationship lender’s incentive to provide “liquidity insurance”