Knowledge of Sports Teachers in a Rhythmic Gymnastics Training Program

The purpose of this research was to examine the level of knowledge of sports teachers in the rhythmic gymnastics training program in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This was descriptive research and data were collected through a questionnaire. Purposive sampling was used and the sample size was 24. Data were analyzed though descriptive statistics. The results showed that the level of knowledge of sports teachers in the rhythmic gymnastics training program were as follows: 54.2% in the top level (excellent), 41.7% in the second level, 4.2 % in the third level, and 0% in the bottom level. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the level of knowledge of these sports teachers is acceptable. Keywords: sports teachers, coaches, rhythmic gymnastics, training progra

Kit Deteksi Kanker Leher Rahim Berbasis Antibodi Telomerase: Pendekatan secara Immunomolekular

Cervical cancer is the first leading cause of cancer death in Indonesia. About 95% telomerase activity is associated with cervical cancer's Malignancy. Therefore, telomerase is very potential as a biomarker for cervical cancer detection. This research's purpose is to produce cut-off point of cervical cancer telomerase. Telomerase antibody is produced and detected using Western Blotting and ELISA, 15 samples of each cancer and normal patients were collected from RSSA. ELISA Absorbance value of antibody and antigen binding were collected and analyzed using independent t-test and ROC. cut off point is found at 0.092 with 81,25% specificity and 80% sensitivity

Efek Antibodi Telomerase Pada Sel Kanker Leher Rahim : Pendekatan Secara Biomolekular

Kanker leher rahim merupakan salah satu kanker dengan angka kematian tertinggi di Indonesia. Hingga saat ini belum ditemukan pengobatan yang adekuat pada kanker leher rahim. Telomerase merupakan molekul yang terdapat pada kanker leher rahim. Ditemukan aktifitas telomerase lebih dari 95% pada kanker leher rahim. Telomerase tidak ditemukan pada sel normal, telomerase berperan sangat aktif dalam pembelahan sel kanker. Pengobatan kanker leher rahim melalui penghambatan protein telomerase diharapkan dapat menjadi suatu terapi yang spesifik dan memberikan efek samping yang minimal pada sel normal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan antibodi poliklonal dan mengujicobakanya pada sel HeLa. Produksi antibodi menggunakan vektor kelinci, antibodi yang dihasilkan kelinci dipurifikasi menggunakan metode SAS. Antibodi selanjutnya dideteksi menggunakan metode Western Blotting dan ELISA. Antibodi diujicobakan pada sel HeLa dan diamati menggunakan immunositokimia dan aktifitas proliferasinya diamati menggunakan MTT assay. Hasilnya terdapat pita pada western blotting pada berat molekul 58 Kda dan juga hasil ELISA menunjukan adanya kesamaan titer antibodi dengan konsep immunologi. Immunositokimia menunjukan adanya peningkatan ikatan antigen antibodi setiap kali dosis antibodi ditingkatkan. Hasil MTT assay menunjukan terdapat penurunan aktifitas proliferasi sel HeLa pada dosis optimum 2 µL dengan p=0.032. kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah antibodi telomerase berpotensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai suatu pengobatan kanker leher rahim

Efek siRNA E6 Dan siRNA E7 HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) Terhadap Proliferasi Dan Jumlah Sel Yang Mengekspresikan Protein hTERT (Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) Pada Sel Hela

Kanker merupakan suatu manifestasi dari ketidakseimbangan antara onkogen dan tummor supressor protein. Ketidak seimbangan ini mengakibatkan terjadinya peningkatan proliferasi yang berlebihan dan mengakibatkan sel kehilangan kemampuan untuk mengendalikan pembelahanya. Pembelahan yang terus menerus menimbulkan efek akumulasi dari berbagai mutasi yang terjadi pada sel, sehingga pada keadaan tertentu kanker dapat bermetastase menuju jaringan tubuh lainya. Kanker serviks merupakan kanker dengan angka kematian tertinggi akibat kanker di Indonesia (25,91%). Kanker serviks merupakan manifestasi dari infeksi kronis dari HPV (human papilloma virus) tipe onkogenik. HPV tipe onkogenik mengakibatkan terjadinya ekpresi protein E6 dan E7 yang memiliki fungsi dalam meregulasi fungsi normal fisiologis sel. Protein E6 mampu berinteraksi dengan E6-AP yang mengakibatkan terjadinya degradasi dari protein p53. Sedangkan protein E7 melalui CR (conserved region) 1 dan 2 mampu berikatan dengan Rb (retinoblastoma) protein dan mendegradasi protein ini. Degradasi yang terjadi pada protein p53 dan pRB mengakibatkan sel kehilangan stabilisator dalam proliferasinya. Hal ini mengakibatkan sel mengalami proliferasi yang tidak terkontrol dan pada keadaan kronis, hal ini akan mengakibatkan terjadinya kanker serviks. Salah satu protein yang berperan penting dalam perkembangan sel normal menjadi sel kanker adalah adanya ekspresi dari hTERT ( human telomerase reverse transcriptase). Sel kanker serviks diketahui mengekspresikan lebih dari 95% dari hTERT. E6 mampu menginduksi terjadinya akselerasi dalam ekspresi hTERT sementara E7 berperan dalam menginduksi promotor hTERT. Inhibisi yang paling sering digunakan dalam menginduksi penurunan protein E6 dan E7 adalah siRNA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari siRNA E6 dan E7 dalam menginduksi penurunan proliferasi dan ekspresi hTERT pada sel HeLa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain experimental laboratorik post test only control group dengan sel HeLa sebagai sampel penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap. Tahap pertama dilakukan untuk mengetahui dosis optimum siRNA E6 dan E7 dalam menginduksi penurunan proliferasi sel HeLa. Dosis siRNA E6 atau E7 yang dipaparkan adalah dosis 0 ug sebagai kontrol, 0,5 ug, 1 ug, dan E6 2 ug. Pada tahap kedua penelitian, dosis optimum dari siRNA E6 (0,5 ug) dan dosis optimum dari siRNA E7 (0,5 ug) digabungkan untuk melihat penurunan proliferasi dan ekspresi hTERT pada sel HeLa. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah MTT assay dan flowcytometry. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat trend penurunan proliferasi dari sel HeLa setelah dipaparkan pada siRNA E6 0,5 ug (p= 0.00, (p 0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penurunan proliferasi sel HeLa juga diamati pada pemberian siRNA E7 dengan dosis 0,5 ug (p= 0.01, (p 0.05)) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pemberian dosis kombinasi siRNA E6 0,5 ug dan E7 0,5 ug menurunkan proliferasi sel HeLa (p= 0.00, (p 0.05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol, dan terdapat penurunan jumlah sel yang mengekspresikan hTERT (p= 0.00, (p 0.05)) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah dosis optimum siRNA E6 dalam menurunkan proliferasi sel HeLa adalah 0,5 ug, dan dosis optimum siRNA E7 dalam menurunkan proliferasi sel HeLa adalah 0,5 ug. Pemberian dosis kombinasi antara siRNA E6 0,5 ug dan siRNA E7 0,5 ug mengakibatkan penurunan proliferasi yang paling signifikan dibandingkan dengan pemberian salah satu siRNA E6/E7, dan juga pemberian dosis optimum siRNA E6 dan E7 mengakibatkan penurunan jumlah sel yang mengekspresikan hTERT dibandingkan dengan pemberian salah satu siRNA E6/E7. Terdapat efek aditif pada pemberian dosis kombinasi siRNA E6 0,5 ug dan E7 0,5 ug pada penurunan proliferasi dan sel HeLa yang mengekspresikan protein hTERT

A systematic review and meta-analysis of intraarterial chemotherapy for non muscle invasive bladder cancer: Promising alternative therapy in high tuberculosis burden countries

Introduction: Local therapies for high risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) such as intravesical chemotherapy (IVC) have shown a high rate of progression and recurrence (1). Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for local therapies has been shown to reduce progression and recurrence in patient with NMIBC. However, its potential role is limited in high burden countries for tuberculosis (TB) due to its low specificity that can cause wrong diagnosis or false positive in patients with clinically diagnosed tuberculosis. BCG vaccine that has to be given for most people in tuberculosis endemic countries will induce trained immunity that could reduce the effectivity of intravesical BCG for NMIBC Moreover, intravesical BCG is contraindicated in patient with or previous tuberculosis. The potential clinical benefit of intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) in delaying the recurrence and progression of high-risk NMIBC have been investigated with promising results (2, 3). We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the potential anti-tumor effect of IAC in NMIBC. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of published articles in Cochrane Library, Pubmed, and Science-Direct to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing IAC alone or combined with IVC versus IVC/BCG alone in NMIBC. The protocol of preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) was applied to this study. Results: Four RCTs and 4 cohort observational studies were eligible in this study and 5 studies were included in meta-analysis. The risk ratio of tumor recurrence was reduced by 35% (RR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.49-0.87; p = 0.004) in IAC plus IVC, while recurrence-free survival (RFS) was prolonged by 45% (HR: 0.55; 95% CI, 0.44-0.69; p < 0.001). The risk of tumor progression was reduced by 45% (RR = 0.55; 95% CI 0.41-0.75; p = 0.002) and tumor progression-free survival (PFS) was also prolonged by 53% (HR: 0.47; 95% CI, 0.34-0.65; p < 0.001). Some RCT’s had high or unclear risk of bias, meanwhile 4 included cohort studies had overall low risk of bias, therefore the pooled results need to be interpreted cautiously. Subgroup analysis revealed that the heterogeneity outcome of tumour recurrence might be attributed to the difference in NMIBC stages and grades. Conclusions: The IAC alone or combined with IVC following bladder tumor resection may lower the risk of tumor recurrence A systematic review and meta-analysis of intraarterial chemotherapy for non muscle invasive bladder cancer: Promising alternative therapy in high tuberculosis burden countries Zakaria Aulia Rahman 1, 2, Furqan Hidayatullah 1, 2, Jasmine Lim3, Lukman Hakim1, 4 1 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga; 2 Dr. Soetomo General-Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; 3 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 4 Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2024.12154 Summary and progression. These findings highlight the importance of further multi institutional randomized controlled trials with bigger sample size using a standardized IAC protocol to validate the current results

Male Reproductive Tract Involvement and Sperm Parameters in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose: There is a growing concern regarding the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male reproductive tract due to ACE2 receptor expression, however, its impact remains unclear. We performed this review to evaluate whether SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the male reproductive system. Materials and Methods: We conducted a search in the Embase, Scopus, and MEDLINE databases, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Eligible studies comprised articles reporting viral RNA presence in semen, sperm parameters, and orchitis or orchiepididymitis occurrence in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Observational studies’ quality was determined using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Case reports were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)’s checklist. Results: A total of 32 relevant articles were included. Viral RNA was found in 7% of infected patients’ semen (95% CI, -0.01 to 0.15) from 3 studies. There were also only 7% of patients with orchitis or orchiepididymitis clinical manifestations (95% CI, 0.05–0.10). The semen volume and concentration were 2.34 mL (95% CI, 1.87–2.81) and 51.73 million/mL (95% CI, 31.60–71.85). The progressive and total motility percentages were 36.11% (95% CI, 28.87–43.35) and 43.07% (95% CI, 28.57–57.57), respectively. The morphology was 6.03% (95% CI, -1.05 to 13.10). There is a difference in semen volume between moderate and severe infections (MD, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.27–0.76; p<0.0001) and concentration between mild and moderate (MD, 18.74; 95% CI, 1.02–36.46; p=0.04), mild and severe (MD, 43.50; 95% CI, 13.86–73.14; p=0.004), as well as moderate and severe (MD, 22.25; 95% CI, 9.33–35.17; p=0.0007). Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in decreased sperm concentration in severe cases and the mechanism relates to potential reproductive tract inflammation. The absence of large viral RNA detection in the semen indicates a systemic effect, although this is largely unproven

Knowledge of Sports Teachers in A Rhythmic Gymnastics Training Program

The purpose of this research was to examine the level of knowledge of sports teachers in the rhythmic gymnastics training program in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This was descriptive research and data were collected through a questionnaire. Purposive sampling was used and the sample size was 24. Data were analyzed though descriptive statistics. The results showed that the level of knowledge of sports teachers in the rhythmic gymnastics training program were as follows: 54.2% in the top level (excellent), 41.7% in the second level, 4.2 % in the third level, and 0% in the bottom level. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the level of knowledge of these sports teachers is acceptable. Keywords: sports teachers, coaches, rhythmic gymnastics, training progra

Male Reproductive Tract Involvement and Sperm Parameters in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Purpose: There is a growing concern regarding the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male reproductive tract due to ACE2 receptor expression, however, its impact remains unclear. We performed this review to evaluate whether SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the male reproductive system. Materials and methods: We conducted a search in the Embase, Scopus, and MEDLINE databases, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Eligible studies comprised articles reporting viral RNA presence in semen, sperm parameters, and orchitis or orchiepididymitis occurrence in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Observational studies' quality was determined using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Case reports were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)'s checklist. Results: A total of 32 relevant articles were included. Viral RNA was found in 7% of infected patients' semen (95% CI, -0.01 to 0.15) from 3 studies. There were also only 7% of patients with orchitis or orchiepididymitis clinical manifestations (95% CI, 0.05-0.10). The semen volume and concentration were 2.34 mL (95% CI, 1.87-2.81) and 51.73 million/mL (95% CI, 31.60-71.85). The progressive and total motility percentages were 36.11% (95% CI, 28.87-43.35) and 43.07% (95% CI, 28.57-57.57), respectively. The morphology was 6.03% (95% CI, -1.05 to 13.10). There is a difference in semen volume between moderate and severe infections (MD, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.27-0.76; p<0.0001) and concentration between mild and moderate (MD, 18.74; 95% CI, 1.02-36.46; p=0.04), mild and severe (MD, 43.50; 95% CI, 13.86-73.14; p=0.004), as well as moderate and severe (MD, 22.25; 95% CI, 9.33-35.17; p=0.0007). Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in decreased sperm concentration in severe cases and the mechanism relates to potential reproductive tract inflammation. The absence of large viral RNA detection in the semen indicates a systemic effect, although this is largely unproven

Intraurethral lidocaine use during urodynamics in female patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Pain and discomfort may occur in catheterization during a urodynamic examination. A lidocaine gel combined with a water-based lubricant is sometimes used to reduce pain during catheterization. Several studies claimed that intraurethral lidocaine administration could cause inaccurate urodynamic parameters results. However, its definite effects in urodynamics testing on humans are still not clear. We aimed to evaluate the effects of intraurethral lidocaine on pain and urodynamic study parameters in patients undergoing an invasive urodynamic examination. A systematic search adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was performed in the MEDLINE, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The bias of the studies is evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool by two independent reviewers. The analyses of continuous outcomes were displayed as mean difference (MD), whereas odds ratio is used to analyze dichotomous data. Heterogeneity between studies is determined using the I2 value. A total of three RCTs out of 622 discovered that articles were eligible for analysis. Forest plot analysis of the mean visual analogue scale difference of the studies indicated an insignificant difference between the lidocaine and placebo group (MD –7.68; 95% CI –34.04 to –18.68, P ¼ .57). All urodynamic parameter results were also similar between the two groups (P > .05). Routine intraurethral lidocaine injection prior to a urodynamic study does not affect pain intensity and urodynamic parameters

Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in penile cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background: Penile cancer is rare among male malignancies. Various biomarkers have been used to predict the prognosis of cancer, one of which is the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of NLR in penile cancer. Methods: This review was conducted following the PRISMA guideline. Several databases, including Scopus, Science-direct, and PubMed, were systematically searched. The primary outcomes were lymph node metastasis (LNM), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). All statistical analyses were processed using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4. Results: A total of six retrospective studies were included in the analysis. The cut-off values of NLR in the included studies ranged from 2.6 to 3.59. Meta-analysis showed that penile cancer patients with high NLR had worse LNM and CSS based on the univariate analysis (OR 3.56, 95% CI 2.38, 5.32, p < 0.01; HR 4.19, 95% CI 2.19, 8.01, p = 0.0; respectively). Furthermore, the meta-analysis revealed that NLR is an independent predictor of LNM and CSS (OR 6.67, 95% CI 2.44, 18.22, p < 0.01; HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.23, 3.73, p < 0.01; respectively). However, NLR failed to show as independent predictor for OS (HR 1.69,95% CI 0.95,3.00, p = 0.07)