Levels of molecular angiogenic and antiangiogenic in pregnant women with risk of preeclampsia

Background: Angiogenic and antiangiogenic imbalances play a major role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Increased production of sFlt-1 by the placenta causes free circulating PIGF and VEGF concentrations to lower because it is bound by sFlt-1. Measuring levels of angiogenic and antiangiogenic proteins as biomarkers indicates placental dysfunction and distinguishes preeclampsia from other disorders. This study aims to analyze the levels of angiogenic and antiangiogenic molecules in pregnant women at risk for preeclampsia.Methods: The study with a cross-sectional design was carried out in 11-15 weeks gestational age whom had a risk of preeclampsia with 30 samples in primary health care starting April-August 2018. Blood serum was measured by molecular levels of VEGF, PlGF, sFlt-1, and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio using the ELISA method. Data analysis used Pearson product moment test.Results: The mean of VEGF levels are 15.5±21.6, PlGF 89.7±55.5, sFlt-1 11519.4±5126.0 and the ratio sFlt-1/PlGF 166.7±102.1. Correlation value of risk factors for preeclampsia with molecular levels of VEGF r= -0.05; p = 0.76, PlGF r= -0.21; p = 0.26, sFlt r= 0.01; p =0.99 and ratio sFlt-1/PlGF r = 0.10; p = 0.58.Conclusions: The higher the total score of preeclampsia risk factor, the lower the molecular level of VEGF and PlGF is. Moreover, the higher the total score of preeclampsia risk factor, the higher the molecular level sFlt-1 and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio is. There are no significant correlation between total score of preeclampsia risk factor and levels of molecule VEGF, PlGF, sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio

The Differences of Malondialdehyde Serum Level, Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and the Area of Endometriotic Implants in Administration of Kebar Grass Extract (Biophytum petersianum) and Green Tea Extract (Camelia sinensis) to Mice

The pathological pathway of endometriosis remains unclear and involves complex etiologies. Increased oxidative stress is understood to be related to this disease. Oxidative stress produces reactive oxygen species, causes inflammation that is characterized by recruiting lymphocytes and phagocyte activation, produces cytokines that induce oxidation enzyme, and supports epithelium growth. Oxidative stress conjointly will increase angiogenesis and promotes the proliferation of endometriosis tissue within the peritoneal cavity. Kebar grass and green tea contain high antioxidants, are expected to extend antioxidant defense leading to reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, and reduced endometriosis tissue implants. The objective is to analyze the consequences of Kebar grass and green tea extract to MDA serum level, TNF-α, and VEGF expression, and the area of the endometriotic implants in the mice models.  The study was an experiment designed. It has been conducted within the Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Airlangga University. Twenty-one mice were divided into three groups, i.e., the first group of mouse models was given Kebar extract 3 mg/day; the second group was assigned green tea extract 1.1 mg/day; therefore the third group was a control group contains the untreated endometriosis mice. Each treatment was given for fourteen days. MDA serum level was measured by specto-photometric examination, the area of the endometriotic implants was measured by computer tracing technique, whereas TNF-α and VEGF expression of endometriotic implants were measured by IHC using Rammele Scale Index (ImmunoReactive Score). The MDA serum levels of the groups treated with Kebar grass extract and green tea extract were significantly lower than the control group (0.09±0.022 mmol, 0.07±0.019 mmol, and 0.30±0.062 mmol, respectively; p=0.001). TNF-α expression of the groups supplied with each treatment also lower than the control groups (2.43±1.521, 3.66±1.422, and 7.26±2.898, respectively; p=0.002). However, VEGF expression was not significantly different between Kebar grass extract group, green tea group, and the control (4.34±2.402, 4.57±1.998, 7.40±3.495, respectively; p=0.089). Finally, the area of the endometriotic implants of the mice models administered with all treatment was smaller than the control group (0.01±0.025 mm2, 8.76±18.776 mm2, and 34.80±13.079 mm2, respectively; p=0.003). Conclusion: Kebar grass extract, as well as green tea extract administration to endometriosis model mice, resulted in lower MDA serum level and TNF-α expression, smaller the area of endometriotic implants compared, but not resulted in a significant difference of VEGF expression

Antioxidant Herbs Supplementation Inhibits Endometriosis Extension in Mice

Background: Increased oxidative stress causes inflammation and increases angiogenesis. It presumed to promote the proliferation of endometriosis tissue. Kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum) and other herbs such as green tea and Cucumis melo, which contain high antioxidants, are expected to decrease oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, and reduced endometriosis implants.Objective: To investigate the effects of Kebar grass, green tea, and Cucumis melo to malondialdehyde serum, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and the area of the endometriotic implants.Methods: Twenty-eight mice were divided into four groups, i.e., the first group of endometriosis mice was given Kebar grass extract; the second group was assigned green tea extract, the third group was given the combination of Cucumis melo extract–gliadin, and the last containing the untreated endometriosis mice as the control. Each treatment was given for 14 days. The data of MDA serum level, the area of the endometriotic implants, TNF-α, and VEGF expression were collected and analyzed.Results: The MDA serum levels of the groups treated with Kebar grass extract, green tea extract, and Cucumis melo extract – gliadin were significantly lower (p=0.001) than the control group. TNF-α expression of the groups provided with each treatment also lower than the control groups (p=0.002). However, only the administration of the Cucumis melo extract–gliadin resulted in lower VEGF expression compare with the control (p=0.017). Finally, the area of the endometriotic implants of the mice models administered with each treatment was smaller than the control group (p=0.003).Conclusion: Kebar grass as well as green tea and Cucumis melo–gliadin inhibits endometriotic implants extension by decreasing MDA serum and TNF-α expression

Differences of Ampicillin and Cefazolin Effects in Reducing hs-CRP Level in Premature Rupture of Membranes

Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a rupture of amniotic sac before delivery. PROM is associated with an increased incidence of preterm labor and infection. The use of prophylactic antibiotic may reduce the risks of infection. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is an acute-phase reactant protein that is associated with PROM. How much effect of prophylactic antibiotic to hs-CRP level remains unclear.Objective: To compare the reduction in hs-CRP levels in premature rupture of membranes before and after given ampicillin or cefazolin.Methods: The design of this study was true experimental design (pre and post-test) conducted at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Medical Center Semarang and Kartini General Hospital Jepara from September 2019 to January 2020. Study samples are pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes that came to the Emergency Department and Maternity Ward Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Medical Center Semarang and Kartini General Hospital Jepara. Samples were divided into two groups, a group treated with ampicillin and the other with cefazolin therapy. All samples were subjected to a hs-CRP examination. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon.Results: There are no significant differences in the age variable (28.8 ± 6.54 vs 29.1 ± 5.93), gestational age (36.3 ± 2.55 vs 36.3 ± 2.90), and parity (2,2 ± 0.99 vs 2.47 ± 1.19) in the ampicillin and cefazolin groups (p> 0.05). In this study, 37.1% patients have a history of PROM while 62.9%. had no history of PROM. Reduction in hs-CRP levels after administration of ampicillin and cefazolin was significant (4.4 ± 2.65 mg/L vs 6.3 ± 4.43 mg/L, respectively, p = 0.03). The difference in the decrease in hs-CRP levels before and after given ampicillin and cefazolin was significant (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: There is a decrease in hs-CRP levels after the administration of ampicillin or cefazolin in PROM, whereas cefazolin induced higher reduction in hs-CRP levels. Ampicillin can still be used as a first-line prophylactic antibiotic in primary healthcare facilities

Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on FSH, LH Levels and Folliculogenesis

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that often occurs in women of reproductive age. The main therapy currently used to treat PCOS patients is insulin sensitizer. In PCOS, there is an imbalance in the intestinal flora which causes activation of the immune system and an inflammatory response that leads to insulin resistance. The effect of probiotic supplementation on insulin resistance can have an impact on changes in reproductive hormone levels in PCOS women. Objective: Analyze the effect of probiotic supplementation on levels of FSH, LH, and folliculogenesis in a study of PCOS Wistar rats. Methods: Experimental research with a post-test only controlled group design. The research sample was 35 Wistar rats which were divided into 5 groups, (K-) were healthy rats, (K+) were PCOS rats without treatment, (P1) were PCOS rats received Metformin, (P2) were PCOS rats received Probiotics, and (P3) were PCOS rats that received Metformin + Probiotics. The intervention was carried out for 14 days. The dependent variables were levels of FSH, LH and folliculogenesis. Research data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test, Fisher Exact test. Differences between groups and controls were tested with Dunnett's post hoc test. Significant p<0.05Results: Metformin + probiotic supplementation resulted in increased FSH levels, decreased LH levels and increased folliculogenesis when compared to the PCOS rats without treatment (K+).Conclusion: Metformin + probiotic supplementation causes levels of FSH, LH and folliculogenesis activity in PCOS rats to resemble healthy rats

Betel Leaf Decoction as an Antiseptic for Perineal Wound Healing

Perineal wound after delivery often causes infection. Perineal wound care can be done by washing the wound using an antiseptic solution. This study is aimed to compare the affectivity of betel leaf decoction for Perineal Wound Healing with the well-known antiseptic, 10% povidone iodine solution. We employed a quasy-experimental research design with non-randomized repeated measure with control group and post-test design. A total of thirty-four normal postpartum women with spontaneous delivery were recruited from a health centers in Banyuurip, Purworejo district, in December 2013 to February 2014, using a purposive sampling technique. The respondents were then distributed equally to control and experimental group. The normal postpartum women at the experimental group obtained betel leaf decoction for the wound recovery whilst the control group washed the wound with a 10%-povidone iodine solution. Either betel leaf decoction or a 10%- povidone iodine solution was given 20ml/day for washing the wound 2 times a day. By the result, we revealed the betel leaf decoction was effectively as 10% povidone iodine solution to heal the perineal wound regarding to the upper arm circumference (UAC), duration of perineal wound recovery, and Hg Level. As the conclusion we recommend betel leaf decoction as a natural antiseptic for perineal wound healing among the normal postpartum women

the Effect of Aromatherapy and Endorphin Massage to Decrease Anxiety Level of Premenopause Women in West Semarang Health Center

Every woman will definitely experience menopause. Complaints in postmenopause women aged 45-54 years include fear, anxiety, irritability, hot flushes, anxiety and depression, headache, fatigue, difficult to concentrate, and forgetfulness. Aromatherapy can be an effective treatment of menopause whilst endorphin massage is one way to stimulate endorphins from human body. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship aroma therapy and massage endorphins provision in decreasing anxiety level of premenopausal women.This research was a quasi experiment with One Group Pre-test and Post-test without Control Groupdesign. The intervention consisted of three treatment groups: aromatheraphy, endorphin massage and combination of both. Each group consisted of 16 respondents.The study found, combination of aromatherapy and endorphin massage contributed the most in decreasing anxiety level, compared to aromatheraphy and endorphin massage as inidividual treatment.

BIRD’S NEST EXTRACT CREAM: TREATMENT FOR PERINEAL WOUND IN RATTUS NORVEGICUS

Background: Perineal rupture occurs almost in all the first labor and not infrequently in the next labor. Complex perineal wounds are at risk for non healing and infection. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of bird’s nest extract on perineal wound healing on rattus norvegicus. Methods: This was a randomised posttest only group design conducted in October 2016 at Animal Laboratory Unit of Diponegoro University, Semarang. There were 30 samples recruited in this study, divided into three groups: 1) The control group (with providine iodine 10% solution), 2) The first treatment group with a bird’s nest 50% cream, and 3) The second treatment group with a bird’s nest 70% cream. The REEDA scale was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency distribution, and one way anova. Results: There were statistically significant mean differences between the three groups with p-value 0.000 (< 0.05). The time of the wound healing was 5-6 days for Iodine 10% group, 4- 5 days for bird’s nest 50% group, and 3 days for bird’s nest 70% group. The degree of perineal wound density in the bird’s nest 70% group (0.37) was also better than the bird’s nest 50% group (0.13) and iodine 10% group (0.02). Conclusion: Bird’s nest has a significant effect on wound healing process. Findings indicated that the bird’s nest 70% extract was very effective to accelerate wound healing than bird’s nest 50% extract and Iodine 10%

Analisis Farmakokinetik dan Toksisitas pada Bunga Telang (Clitoria Ternatea): In Silico Study

This study explores the pharmacokinetic and toxicity aspects of Clitoria ternatea, which is well-known in traditional medicine for its promising pharmacological potential. Using computational methods, research seeks to unravel the interaction of active compounds in the human body, predicting not only pharmacokinetic properties but also exploring the correlation between chemical structure and parameters such as lipophilicity and P-glycoprotein substrate status, which improves our understanding of the compound's behaviour. The urgency of this research stems from the need for a safe source of therapeutics. Through in-depth in silico toxicity assessments, potential side effects of compounds are carefully identified, ensuring a comprehensive safety evaluation. This important step lays the foundation for responsible pharmacological development. This research introduces a new perspective on exploring traditional medicinal plants, emphasising the importance of safe therapeutic alternatives. The ultimate goal is to establish a solid foundation to further develop C. ternatea as a valuable resource for pharmacological applications and advance natural medicine. The results revealed many compounds with significant pharmacological potential, which show promise for future natural medicine applications. However, the imperative for additional research and experimental validation underscores our commitment to understanding the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of these compounds.Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi aspek farmakokinetik dan toksisitas dari Clitoria ternatea, yang terkenal dalam pengobatan tradisional karena potensi farmakologisnya yang menjanjikan. Dengan menggunakan metode komputasi, penelitian ini berupaya mengungkap interaksi senyawa aktif dalam tubuh manusia, melibatkan prediksi tidak hanya sifat farmakokinetik tetapi juga mengeksplorasi korelasi antara struktur kimia dan parameter seperti lipofilisitas dan status substrat P-glikoprotein. Urgensi penelitian ini berasal dari kebutuhan akan sumber terapi yang aman. Melalui penilaian toksisitas in silico yang mendalam, potensi efek samping dari senyawa diidentifikasi dengan cermat, untuk memastikan evaluasi keamanan yang komprehensif.. Penelitian ini memperkenalkan perspektif baru dalam mengeksplorasi tanaman obat tradisional, dengan menekankan pentingnya alternatif terapi yang aman. Tujuan utamanya adalah untuk membangun fondasi yang kuat untuk mengembangkan C. ternatea lebih lanjut sebagai sumber daya yang berharga untuk aplikasi farmakologis dan memajukan pengobatan alami. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan banyak senyawa dengan potensi farmakologis yang signifikan, yang menunjukkan harapan untuk aplikasi pengobatan alami di masa depan. Namun, keharusan untuk penelitian tambahan dan validasi eksperimental menggarisbawahi komitmen kami untuk memahami aspek farmakologis dan toksikologis dari senyawa ini