Types And Density Of Seagrass In The Genting Beach, Tanjung Medang Village, Rupat Utara District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province

Seagrass is present in the Genting Beach. During the low tide, however, propeler of fishermen ship damage the seagrass habitat in general. To understand the types and density of seagrass in Genting Beach, a study has been conducted in April – June 2018. There were 3 sampling points, in the river mouth of the Genting River (SP I), in the shipping line (SP II), and in the mangrove area (SP III). Seagrass were taken from 3 quadrants (1x1 m) in each sampling point. Sampling were conducted once. The seagrass was then identified. Results shown that there was one type of seagrass species, namely Enhalus acoroides. Seagrass density range from 17.99 – 90.78 organism/m2 and the coverage of seagrass was around 3.04% – 14.39%, water temperature was 31.66 - 32ºC, salinity 32‰, pH 8, clarity 0.26 – 0.33 m, current flow 0.37 – 0.42 m/s, sandy mud substrate, nitrate 0.033 – 0.075 mg/L, phosphate 0.035 – 0.104 mg/L and organic material was 20.50 – 27.57%. The seagrass density in the Genting Beach is classified as rare and the coverage as low

Analisis Taksometri Anthurium Schott (Araceae)

Anthurium Schott is one of the commercial ornamental plants in Indonesia. This genus has a high morphological variation amongst its species. This study aims to determine the similarity relationship amongst Anthurium based on morphological characters including stems, leaves, and inflorescences. This study was carried out from June to July 2012 in several locations in Purwokerto and Baturraden area, and Balai Benih Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura (B2TPH) Banyumas Regency. This study used explorative method with purposive random sampling. The results of the analysis using the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) showed that there were 17 taxa which can be classified into 4 groups. Group I consisted of A. andraeanum “Renoir Pink”, A. andraeanum “Safari”, A. andraeanum “White”, A. andraeanum “Tropical”, A. andraeanum “cv. 1”, A. andraeanum “Amigo”, and A. nymphaeifolium. Group II consisted of A. pedatoradiatum ssp. helleborifolium, A. crystallinum, A. andicola “Kuku Bima” and A. andicola “Red List”. Group III consisted of A. crassinervium “Crispimarginatum” and A. plowmanii. Group IV consisted of A. hookeri “Garuda”, A. hookeri “Red Hookeri”, A. bonplandii ssp. guayanum, and A. jenmanii. Group I was the sister group of Group II, as well as Group III to Group IV. The closest similarity relationship was between A. andraeanum “Renoir Pink” and A. andraeanum “Safari”, whereas the farthest one was between A. bonplandii ssp. guayanum and A. andraeanum “Tropical”

Hubungan Dimensi Ketanggapan Waktu Tunggu Pasien, Kejelasan Informasi, dan Kerahasiaan Informasi Pelayanan Kesehatan dengan Karakteristik Anggota Rumah Tangga dan Status Sosioekonomi di Unit Rawat Inap Puskesmas

Backgound: Nowadays, health care facilities have become a gate toward health care professional. Health care facilities as first level which have developed by the government particularly Public Health Centers should be a partner with others facilities in community. Furthermore, one of the current issues still being discussed today is inpatient health care related tothree main dimensions of responsiveness. The three dimensions involve waiting time, clarity of information, and confidentiality of health care information. Methods: The objectives of the study are to analyze the relationship among the characteristics of household members, socioeconomic status with responsiveness dimensions of waiting time, clarity of information and confidentiality of health care information at the inpatient Public Health Centers, and to analyze health care discrimination for Family Poor Insurance with responsiveness dimensions of waiting time, clarity of information and confidentiality of healthcare information at the inpatient Public Health Centers. A Cross Sectional research design was performed with sample sizes in this study was 5342. Quantitative data collection involved secondary data of Baseline Health Research 2007 that was analyzed using SPSS 18 with unpaired T-test procedures. Results: The results indicate that Area Classifications, and Family Poor Insurance were significantly associated with Waiting Times at Inpatient Public Health Centers (p < 0.05). Age of household members, Education Level, and Area Classifications were significantly associated with Clarity of Information at Inpatient Public Health Centers (p < 0.05), Whereas, Age of household members and Education level were significantly associated with Confidentiality of Health Care Information at Inpatient Public Health Centers (p < 0. 05). Conclusions: As a pointed out that there was Health Care Discrimination of Family Poor Insurance for Waiting Time dimensions. Thus, it need the active roles each element, it also adopting the health information technology to supports integrating health care performance in public health centers in which quality, equity, and accountability

Uji Efektifitas Ekstrak Etanol pada Daun Ketepeng Cina (Cassia Alata L.) terhadap Mikroba Penyebab Sariawan (Stomatitis Aphtosa)

Ketepeng cina Casia alata L. merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai obat tradisional dimana berfungsi mengobati panu, kadas, kurap, cacingan, sembelit, dan sariawan. Adapun kandungan dari daun ini yaitu alkaloid, tanin, asam krisofanat, senyawa glikosida, aloeemodina, zat pahit, zat samak, dan flavonoid. Dalam hal ini kita meneliti kandungan flavonoid dari daun Ketepeng Cina sebagai obat sariawan. Stomatitis aphtosa atau sariawan adalah radang yang terjadi di daerah mukosa mulut, biasanya berupa bercak putih kekuningan dengan permukaan yang agak cekung, bercak itu dapat berupa bercak tunggal maupun kelompok. Sariawan dapat disebabkan oleh luka tergigit, mengkonsumsi air dingin atau air panas, alergi, stress, kekurangan vitamin C, vitamin B dan zat besi. Pada luka yang telah terbentuk di mukosa mulut ini, akan terdapat jamur Candida albicans. Untuk mengetahui kandungan flavonoid dilakukan percobaan pada daun Ketepeng Cina dengan cara perkolasi dimana daun Ketepeng Cina dirajang terlebih dahulu kemudian diperkolasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol setelah itu diidentifikasi flavanoidnya. Flavanoid menurut beberapa literatur berfungsi sebagai obat sariawan. Oleh karena itu obat sariawan yang didapatkan dari penyarian daun ketepeng cina sebagai bahan alam kedepan sangat penting peranannya Karena kebanyakan obat-obat sariawan yang beredar dimasyarakat sekarang ini kebanyakan dari bahan-bahan kimia yang cenderung jauh lebih banyak efek sampingnya jika dibandingkan dengan bahan alam. Selain itu bahan alam ini mudah didapatkan dan relatif membutuhkan sedikit pengeluaran dari segi financial. Ekstrak etanol yang telah diperole selanjutnya diuji efektifitasnya terhadap bakteri penyebab sariawan. Dari pengujian yang telah dilakukan terlihat bahwa flavonoida yang terdapat dalam ekstrak etanol daun ketepeng cina (Cassia alata L.) mampu untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab sariawan, yang ditandai dengan penurunan jumlah koloni. Semakain tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak, maka jumlah koloni bakteri penyebab sariawan semakin berkurang

Dam Break Analysis of Batu Dam using Hec-Ras

Dam is commonly built in Malaysia as it provides benefits to the local population, mainly agricultural activity and flood control measures. However, its massive potential energy reservoir would impose risk of sudden containment breach leading to loss of life and property at inhabited downstream area. Simulations of dam break events are crucial to characterizing and reducing threats due to potential dam failures. In all post-event natural disasters, where most structural countermeasures have been lost, the preparation of a smoother evacuation mechanism remains the most critical prevention tool for successful evacuation planning. The urgency of designing an appropriate emergency planning is important in response to the disaster. To perform a dam break analysis, hydraulic modeling is required, which involves routing the inflow flood through a reservoir, estimating dam breach characteristics, and downstream routing/modeling issues. The HEC-RAS (River Analysis System) software is commonly used for dam break studies. The software provides information on how to perform a dam break analysis, including the unique hydraulic modeling aspects that are required. Batu dam has the highest percentage of the population at risk (PAR) and most likely exposed to the flood disaster due to dam break. From flood boundary maps, it was estimated that 78% of residential areas would be affected if a dam break disaster occurs. From the simulation, the maximum depth can reach up to 18m with an estimated flow speed between 0.2 – 3m/s. At these depth and flow speed, people may lose strength and unable to control themselves in flood and would cause death and injury. Flood arrival time took 15 to 22 hours for flooding to arrive downstream with a maximum flood depth of 5.07m at Persiaran Jasa Utama and the highest depth of 12.62m at Kampung Baru Batu Caves with flood velocity between 1.60m/s to 1.46m/s. Analysis and simulation of embankment dam breach events and the resulting floods are crucial for distinguishing and mitigating dangers from potential dam failures. Accurate forecast of inundation levels and the time of flood wave arrival at downstream key places is required for the development of effective emergency response plans

Third-order nonlinearity with subradiance dark-state in ultra-strong excitons and surface plasmon coupling using self-antiaggregation organic dye

A strong coupling regime with dressed states is formed when a propagating surface plasmon (PSP) mode coherently exchanges energy with an ensemble of excitons at a rate faster than the system's losses. These states are superpositions of superradiance excitons and PSP modes, accompanied by remaining subradiance or 'dark' exciton states. Dark-states are ubiquitous, especially in disordered systems, and they rise in number as the number of excitons increases. Here, the ultra-strong coupling regime was experimentally observed with the coupling strength to bare energy as high as g/${E}_{exciton}\,$∼ 0.23 using a self-antiaggregation organic dye, BOBzBT2 in an Otto-SPR configuration. We show that the hybrid system of excitons in a nonlinear organic dye layer and a PSP mode can be described by employing dark-state in a theory of nonlinear third-order sum-frequency generation (TSFG). Close agreement between the theory and the experiment has been demonstrated. The study opens up a new perspective for establishing a relationship between the optical properties of a third-order nonlinear material and the extent of strong coupling

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Exploiting a strong coupling regime of organic pentamer surface plasmon resonance based on the Otto configuration for creatinine detection

The sandwiched material-analyte layer in the surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-Otto configuration emulates an optical cavity and, coupled with large optical nonlinearity material, the rate of light escaping from the system is reduced, allowing the formation of a strong coupling regime. Here, we report an organic pentamer SPR sensor using the Otto configuration to induce a strong coupling regime for creatinine detection. Prior to that, the SPR sensor chip was modified with an organic pentamer, 1,4-bis[2-(5-thiophene-2-yl)-1-benzothiopene]-2,5-dioctyloxybenzene (BOBzBT2). To improve the experimental calibration curve, a normalisation approach based on the strong coupling-induced second dip was also developed. By using this procedure, the performance of the sensor improved to 0.11 mg/dL and 0.36 mg/dL for the detection and quantification limits, respectively