Improved Lower Bounds for Online Hypercube Packing

Packing a given sequence of items into as few bins as possible in an online fashion is a widely studied problem. We improve lower bounds for packing hypercubes into bins in two or more dimensions, once for general algorithms (in two dimensions) and once for an important subclass, so-called Harmonic-type algorithms (in two or more dimensions). Lastly, we show that two adaptions of the ideas from the best known one-dimensional packing algorithm to square packing also do not help to break the barrier of 2

Scanning Raman spectroscopy of graphene antidot lattices: Evidence for systematic p-type doping

We have investigated antidot lattices, which were prepared on exfoliated graphene single layers via electron-beam lithography and ion etching, by means of scanning Raman spectroscopy. The peak positions, peak widths and intensities of the characteristic phonon modes of the carbon lattice have been studied systematically in a series of samples. In the patterned samples, we found a systematic stiffening of the G band mode, accompanied by a line narrowing, while the 2D mode energies are found to be linearly correlated with the G mode energies. We interpret this as evidence for p-type doping of the nanostructured graphene

Low-temperature photocarrier dynamics in monolayer MoS2

The band structure of MoS$_2$ strongly depends on the number of layers, and a transition from indirect to direct-gap semiconductor has been observed recently for a single layer of MoS$_2$. Single-layer MoS$_2$ therefore becomes an efficient emitter of photoluminescence even at room temperature. Here, we report on scanning Raman and on temperature-dependent, as well as time-resolved photoluminescence measurements on single-layer MoS$_2$ flakes prepared by exfoliation. We observe the emergence of two distinct photoluminescence peaks at low temperatures. The photocarrier recombination at low temperatures occurs on the few-picosecond timescale, but with increasing temperatures, a biexponential photoluminescence decay with a longer-lived component is observed.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure

Fairly Allocating Contiguous Blocks of Indivisible Items

In this paper, we study the classic problem of fairly allocating indivisible items with the extra feature that the items lie on a line. Our goal is to find a fair allocation that is contiguous, meaning that the bundle of each agent forms a contiguous block on the line. While allocations satisfying the classical fairness notions of proportionality, envy-freeness, and equitability are not guaranteed to exist even without the contiguity requirement, we show the existence of contiguous allocations satisfying approximate versions of these notions that do not degrade as the number of agents or items increases. We also study the efficiency loss of contiguous allocations due to fairness constraints.Comment: Appears in the 10th International Symposium on Algorithmic Game Theory (SAGT), 201

Mailed Human Papillomavirus Self-Collection With Papanicolaou Test Referral for Infrequently Screened Women in the United States

Testing for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection using mailed, self-collected samples is a promising approach to increase screening in women who do not attend clinic screening at recommended intervals

Non-geniculate coralline algae (Carallinales, Rhodophyta) on Heron Reef, Great Barrier Reef (Australia)

This is the first modern, comprehensive account of non-geniculate coralline algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) occurring on the Great Barrier Reef (Heron Reef). Species were identified in a modern context, using reproductive and vegetative anatomy as diagnostic features. In a collection of 300 specimens, 11 different species were identified. Eight of the species were found exclusively on calcareous substrata, one was exclusively epiphytic, while the remaining two were both epiphytic and found growing on calcareous substrata. Although none of the species are new to science, one is newly recorded for Australia (Hydrolithon reinboldii) and 5 are newly recorded for the Great Barrier Reef region (Spongites fruticulosus, Lithophyllum frondosum, L. pustulatum, Mastophora pacifica and Mesophyllum erubescens). Collections made by A. B. Cribb in the 1960s on Heron Reef were also studied, once again using reproductive and vegetative anatomy as diagnostic features. Illustrations of each species and a tabular key are provided to facilitate non-geniculate coralline algal identification on Heron Reef. Information on their distribution and growth-forms are provided along with references to more detailed morphological accounts and published illustrations. The reported species are compared to findings from other tropical reef systems

A prospective open-label treatment trial of olanzapine monotherapy in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of olanzapine in the treatment of acute mania in children and adolescents. METHODS: This was an 8-week, open-label, prospective study of olanzapine monotherapy (dose range 2.5-20 mg/day) involving 23 bipolar youths (manic, mixed, or hypomanic; 5-14 years old). Weekly assessments were made using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Clinical Global Impressions Severity Scale (CGI-S), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Children\u27s Depression Rating Scale. Adverse events were assessed through self-reports, vital sign and weight monitoring, laboratory analytes, and extrapyramidal symptom rating scales (Barnes Akathisia Scale, Simpson-Angus Scale, and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale). RESULTS: Twenty-two of the 23 youths (96%) completed the study. Olanzapine treatment was associated with significant improvement in mean YMRS score (-19.0 +/- 9.2, p \u3c 0.001). Using predefined criteria for improvement of \u3e or = 30% decline in the YMRS and a CGI-S Mania score of \u3c or = 3 at endpoint, the overall response rate was 61%. Overall, olanzapine was well tolerated, and extrapyramidal symptom measures were not significantly different from baseline. Body weight increased significantly over the study (5.0 +/- 2.3 kg, p \u3c 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Open-label olanzapine treatment was efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment of acute mania in youths with bipolar disorder. Future placebo-controlled, double-blind studies are warranted

The genus phymatolithon in the Gulf of Maine

New information on anatomy, cytology and the development of reproductive structures is presented to show that Phymatolithon is a genus distinct from both Clathromorphum and the branching members of Lithothamnium . Also, a new species of Phymatolithon , Ph. rugulosum , is described. The reproductive cycles and geographic and bathymetric distributions of Ph. laevigatum and Ph. rugulosum in the Gulf of Maine are presented and discussed. There is strong indication that the geographic distribution of crustose corallines in the region is controlled primarily by maximum summer temperatures. The depth distributions are apparently controlled primarily by decrease of light with depth, though temperatures and substrate are also factors.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42883/1/10750_2004_Article_BF00170412.pd

Diversidade de resultados no estudo do transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade

Com este artigo pretende-se abordar a problemática da diversidade de dados na investigação do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). Apresenta-se uma revisão da literatura centrada na heterogeneidade de conclusões relativas à caracterização do transtorno, à distinção dos subtipos, aos contextos de informação, às diferenças de gênero e à comorbidade. Na tentativa de compreender a disparidade de conclusões, salientam-se potenciais fatores explicativos, nomeadamente a heterogeneidade das amostras, a diversidade de metodologias e de procedimentos de investigação, entre outros.With this paper we aimed at addressing the problem of data diversity in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) research. We present a literature review based on the heterogeneity of findings about the characterization of the disorder, subtypes differentiation, sources of information, sex differences and comorbidities. In an effort to understand the variety of findings, we underline potential explanations, such as the sample’s heterogeneity or the multiplicity of methods and procedures, among others.(undefined

A Mathematical Approach Lights up The Way to End Cholera Transmission

Killed, oral cholera vaccines have proven safe and effective, and several large-scale mass cholera vaccination efforts have demonstrated the feasibility of widespread deployment. This study uses a mathematical model of cholera transmission in Bangladesh to examine the effectiveness of potential vaccination strategies.We developed an age-structured mathematical model of cholera transmission and calibrated it to reproduce the dynamics of cholera in Matlab, Bangladesh. We used the model to predict the effectiveness of different cholera vaccination strategies over a period of 20 years. We explored vaccination programs that targeted one of three increasingly focused age groups (the entire vaccine-eligible population of age one year and older, children of ages 1 to 14 years, or preschoolers of ages 1 to 4 years) and that could occur either as campaigns recurring every five years or as continuous ongoing vaccination efforts. Our modeling results suggest that vaccinating 70% of the population would avert 90% of cholera cases in the first year but that campaign and continuous vaccination strategies differ in effectiveness over 20 years. Maintaining 70% coverage of the population would be sufficient to prevent sustained transmission of endemic cholera in Matlab, while vaccinating periodically every five years is less effective. Selectively vaccinating children 1-14 years old would prevent the most cholera cases per vaccine administered in both campaign and continuous strategies.We conclude that continuous mass vaccination would be more effective against endemic cholera than periodic campaigns. Vaccinating children averts more cases per dose than vaccinating all age groups, although vaccinating only children is unlikely to control endemic cholera in Bangladesh. Careful consideration must be made before generalizing these results to other regions