A New Framework for Congestion Management with Exact Modeling of Impacting Factors

Congestion in the transmission lines is one of the technical problems that appear particularly in the deregulated environment. The voltage stability issue gets more important because of heavy loading in this environment. The main factor causing instability is the inability of the power system to meet the demand for reactive power. This paper presents a new approach for alleviation congestion relieving cost by feeding required reactive power of system in addition to re-dispatching active power of generators and load shedding. Furthermore with considering different static load models in congestion management problem with both thermal and voltage instability criteria, tries to the evaluated congestion management cost become more real, accurate and acceptable. The voltage stability is a dynamic phenomenon but often static tools are used for investigating the stability conditions, so this work offers new method that considers two snapshots after contingency to consider voltage stability phenomena more accurate. This algorithm uses different preventive and corrective actions to improve unsuitable voltage stability margin after contingency. The proposed method is tested on IEEE 24-bus Reliability test system, the simulation results shows the effectiveness of the method

The Effect of Financial Market Development on Economic Growth in Iran: 1966-2007

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of financial market development on economic growth in the context of the Iranian economy in short and long-run over the period 1966–2007. Two financial developments indices (rate of financial saving to GDP and rate of domestic credit to GDP), has been used in two separate econometric models "Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)" in order to investigates the effects of financial market development on the economic growth. In order to explain the private sector behavior, the rate of claims on private sector to domestic credit has been used as an independent variable. The empirical results in two models suggest that in the short and long run, the financial development has negative effect on economic growth. This result supports the opinion about negative effect of financial development on economic growth in developing countries with a weak control on loans. In both models the influence of openness on economic growth is positive. The results also show the economic adjustment policies had negative effect on economic growth

Effect of Motor Imagery and Self-Talk Combined with Physical Exercise on Motor Memory Consolidation in Adolescents

Background: Consolidation in motor memory depends on various factors. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of physical exercise (PE (combined with motor imagery (MI) and self-talk (ST) on motor memory consolidation in adolescents. Method: The participants were 45 unskilled right-handed young males (13 ± 1.8 years), randomly divided into three groups of PE, ST + PE, and MI + PE. After the pre-test participants practiced finger overhead passing and forearm passing for 3 sessions on three consecutive days. The acquisition test was performed immediately after the last training session and the retention one a week after that. Results: The results of ANOVA with repeated measures indicated that all three groups had experienced consolidation. We found that better performance means of the combined ST+PE group with that of the MI+PE one and the PE group (P = 0.005). Comparing motor performance indicated that the combined ST group, more than the other two groups, and the combined MI group experienced more enhancements in consolidating their motor memory than the PE group (P = 0.005). Conclusion: Overall, these findings indicated the importance of ST in improving motor memory consolidation. <div class="msocomtxt" id="_com_1" language="JavaScript" onmouseout="msoCommentHide('_com_1')" onmouseover="msoCommentShow('_anchor_1','_com_1')"

Electrospun of polymer/bioceramic nanocomposite as a new soft tissue for biomedical applications

Iranian Gum Tragacanth (IGT) is among the most natural polymers which has interesting properties such as nontoxic nature, biodegradability and high resistance to bacterial attacks making it applicable for tissue scaffolds, protective clothing, and wound healing. In the current work, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/IGT nanocomposite fibre is prepared by using the electrospinning (ELS) technique in an aqueous solution with different volume ratios of 60/40, 70/30, 80/20, and 90/10. To enhance the chemical and mechanical stability of the produced samples, different amounts of nanoclay powder (1% and 3%) are added also to the solution. The blended nanofibres are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and bioactivity evaluation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions. The FTIR analysis indicated that PVA and IGT may have H+ bonding interactions. The results revealed that with a higher amount of IGT, a superior degradation as well as a higher chemical and biological stability could be obtained in the nanobiocomposite blend fibres. Furthermore, the blend nanofibre samples of 80/20 and 3% nanoclay powder exhibit a significant improvement during evaluation of its properties

Evaluation of the Interaction of Curcumin and Nigella Sativa on Brain Antitumor Molecule Using an Equilibrium Dynamics Simulation Tool for Biomedical Applications

Curcumin and nigellin-1.1's atomic interactions on brain antitumor molecule are significant in medical research. For the first time, Molecular dynamic simulations based on Newton's law were utilized to predict the destruction of brain antitumor structure by curcumin and nigellin-1.1 with structure in the current research. To depict the atomic development of curcumin, nigellin-1.1, and brain antitumor molecule, DREIDING and universal force fields are used to model C, H, N, O, and S atoms. We calculate the total energy, center of mass distance, diffusion coefficient, and volume of atomic structures to explain the atomic interaction between these structures. The calculated rates for these physical parameters reveal an attraction force between curcumin and brain antitumor structure, as well as nigellin-1.1 and brain antitumor structure, with COM distances between curcumin and brain antitumor structures varying from 1.16 Å to 1.14 Å after 2 ns, and COM distances between nigellin-1.1 structures varying from 2.01 Å to 1.93 Å after 2 ns. The volume of a brain antitumor increases structurally from 1.33×106 Å3 to 2.24×106 Å3 following atomic contact with curcumin, and increases structurally from 1.33×106 Å3 to 2.83×106 Å3 after atomic interaction with nigellin-1.1, indicating tumor eradication

A Molecular Dynamic Approach to a Theory on the Dynamical Behaviour of HIV (3LPU Protein) - Water Molecules Interactions in Atomic Structures

Molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the structure of the H2O molecule and its dynamical behaviour near an HIV (3LPU protein). This study simulated the atomic interaction between 3LPU protein and H2O molecules using a precise atomic arrangement. The interaction between 3LPU protein and H2O molecules is influenced by temperature and pressure. According to our simulated findings, the amplitude of atomic oscillation increases as the atom's temperature rises to 400 K. As a result of this occurrence, the interatomic force of structures increases. As a result, as the temperature rises, the diffusion coefficient of H2O molecules into 3LPU protein changes from 0.421 to 0.861 μm2/ms. The dynamical behaviour of atomic structures is also influenced by pressure. The diffusion coefficient of H2O molecules into the 3LPU protein structure fell from 0.587 to 0.052 μm2/ms when the pressure of the simulated structures was increased from 0 to 4 bar