Аactualization of the Methodological Basis of Developing General Plans in the Context of Modern Threats and Challenges to Urban Development

The article notes that modern methodology development of the general plans for large cities do not contribute to the efficiency of the projects; do not satisfy modern challenges and threats in urban development. One of the most important challenges is the process of globalization, when a special role is assigned to the large cities. Cities compete for the attracting investments, modern industrial facilities, and skill creative specialists. The concept of a competitive city is the motto under which the general plans of major foreign cities are developed. The main differences between the domestic and foreign practices of designing cities are given. First of all, they relate to the links between socio-economic and urban planning policies. In the foreign practice, the modern general plans are developed while taking into account the mission of the city and the strategic goals of the city development; as defined in the general Plans or the Strategies of Social and Economic Development. As a part of the modern strategies of social and economic development (2030-2035) of large Russian cities (St. Petersburg, Kazan) the mission of the city, strategic goals and even the conceptual basis of urban policy defines. It creates prerequisites for more effective communication of socio-economic and territorial planning in comparison with the established urban code, which provides for the mapping of the planned objects. The low social validity of general plans is noted. Possible directions for the improving methodological basis of developing general plans based on the attitude to the general plan as an instrument for creating the town-planning prerequisites for the realization of the city's mission and strategic goals are given

Types and annotation of reply relations in computer-mediated communication

This paper presents types and annotation layers of reply relations in computer- mediated communication (CMC). Reply relations hold between post units in CMC interactions and describe references from one given post to a previous post. We classify three types of reply relations in CMC interactions: first, technical replies, i. e. the possibility to reply directly to a previous post by clicking a ‘reply’ button; second, indentations, e. g. in wiki talk pages in which users insert their contributions in the existing talk page by indenting them and third, interpretative reply relations, i. e. the reply action is not realised formally but signalled by other structural or linguistics means such as address markers ‘@’, greetings, citations and/or Q-A structures. We take a look at existing practices in the description and representation of such relations in corpora and examples of chat, Wikipedia talk pages, Twitter and blogs. We then provide an annotation proposal that combines the different levels of description and representation of reply relations and which adheres to the schemas and practices for encoding CMC corpus documents within the TEI framework as defined by the TEI CMC SIG. It constitutes a prerequisite for correctly identifying higher levels of interactional relations such as dialogue acts or discussion trees.Der vorliegende Artikel stellt Typen und Annotationsebenen von Antwortrelationen in der internetbasierten Kommunikation (IBK) vor. Antwortrelationen bestehen zwischen Posts in IBK-Interaktionen und beschreiben Referenzen, die zwischen einem Initialbeitrag und einem Folgebeitrag bestehen. Wir klassifizieren drei Arten von Antwortrelationen in IBK-Interaktionen: erstens, technische Antwortrelationen, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet sind, dass durch das Betätigen einer „Antwort“-Schaltfläche eine Antwort initiiert wird, bspw. in Blogs; zweitens, Einrückungen, z. B. auf Wikipedia-Diskussionsseiten, in denen Benutzer ihre Beiträge in die entsprechende Stelle des Diskussionsverlaufs einfügen, indem sie ihre Beiträge einrücken und drittens, interpretative Antwortrelationen, bei denen die Antwort nicht formal realisiert wird, sondern durch andere strukturelle oder linguistische Mittel signalisiert werden, wie z. B. dem Adressierungsmarker „@“, Begrüßungs- und Verabschiedungsformeln, Zitaten und/oder Frage-Antwort-Strukturen. Wir analysieren die bestehenden Praktiken bei der Beschreibung und Darstellung solcher Relationen in Korpora und geben Beispiele für Chat, Wikipedia-Diskussionsseiten, Twitter und Blogs. Anschließend präsentieren wir einen Annotationsvorschlag, der die verschiedenen Ebenen der Beschreibung und Darstellung von Antwortrelationen kombiniert und sich an die Praktiken zur Kodierung von IBK-Korpusdokumenten innerhalb der Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), wie sie von der TEI CMC SIG definiert wurde, hält. Die Annotation von Antwortrelationen stellt eine Voraussetzung für die korrekte Identifizierung höherer interaktionaler Ebenen, wie z. B. die Klassifizierung von Dialogakten oder Baumstrukturen, dar.Este documento introduce tipos y capas de anotación de las relaciones de respuesta en la comunicación mediada por ordenador (CMC). Las relaciones de respuesta se mantienen entre las unidades de mensaje de las interacciones de CMC y describen referencias de un mensaje dado a un mensaje anterior. Clasificamos tres tipos de relaciones de respuesta en las interacciones de CMC: primero, las respuestas técnicas, es decir, la posibilidad de responder directamente a un mensaje anterior usando el botón “responder”; segundo, hendiduras, por ejemplo, en las páginas de discusión de Wikipedia en las que los usuarios insertan sus contribuciones en la página de conversación existente al indentarlos, y la tercera, relaciones interpretativas de respuesta, es decir, la acción de respuesta no se realiza formalmente, sino que se señala por otros medios estructurales o lingüísticos, como los marcadores de dirección ‘@’, saludos, citas y/o estructuras de pregunta y respuesta. Vamos a mirar a las prácticas existentes en la descripción y representación de tales relaciones en los corpus y ejemplos de chat, páginas de discusión de Wikipedia, Twitter y blogs. A continuación, proporcionamos una propuesta de anotación que combina los diferentes niveles de descripción y representación de las relaciones de respuesta y que se adhiere a los esquemas y prácticas para codificar documentos de corpus CMC dentro del marco TEI, tal como se define en el TEI CMC SIG. Esto forma un prerrequisito para identificar correctamente los niveles más elevados de relaciones interaccionales, como los actos de diálogo o los árboles de discusión

Einführung in die Produktentwicklung im Rahmen eines Schülerlabors am Beispiel des PROJECT 10|2018

Die Digitalisierung stellt die Unternehmen über alle Industrien hinweg vor große Herausforderungen (Fitzgerald 2014). Im Kontrast dazu, bieten die neuen Technologien und die damit verbundenen Methoden ein riesiges Potential für den Erfolg eines jeden einzelnen Unternehmens. Um diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen und die Mehrwerte aus den neuen Technologien zu schöpfen, sind im Themengebiet der Digitalisierung gut informierte und gut ausgebildete Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter ein wichtiger Faktor. Die Belegschaft von morgen sind die Schülerinnen und Schüler von heute. Diese jungen Talente müssen mit geeigneten Maßnahmen an die Digitalisierung und die entsprechenden Arbeitsweisen herangeführt werden. Dies ist insbesondere im Prozess der Berufs- und Studienorientierung wichtig (Hammer 2010). Allerdings werden diese Kompetenzen kaum oder nicht in Schulen vermittelt (Reher 2010). Eine Möglichkeit dafür bilden Schülerlabore, die als außerschulischer Lernort einen Raum zum Entwerfen, Entwickeln und Erleben bieten (Streller 2011). Hauptziel der Schülerlabore ist es, die Interessen für die Fachgebiete zu wecken, und die Technologien, die Methoden und deren Berufsbilder zu vermitteln (Engeln 2004). Die drei Phasen, Entwerfen, Entwickeln und Erleben sollen am Beispiel des PROJECT 10|2018, einem gemeinsamen Ferienprojekt der Schülerlabore Create IT Studio von SAP und dem Future Mobility Campus von VW, verdeutlicht werden. In Abschnitt 2 werden die Begrifflichkeiten eines Schülerlabors näher erläutert und das Beispiel des Create IT Studios aufgezeigt. Danach folgt die theoretische Auseinandersetzung mit den Effekten auf Schülerinnen und Schüler durch regelmäßiges Experimentieren im Rahmen eines Schülerlabors in Abschnitt 3. Abschnitt 4 beschreibt die Produktentwicklung im Rahmen des Projektes 10|2018. Das Projekt wird durch eine Auswertung des Feedbacks der Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer evaluiert und Rückschlüsse für die nächsten Projekte im Rahmen von Schülerlaboren getroffen. [... aus Punkt 1

Torsion and vibration-torsion levels of the S1 and ground cation electronic states of para-fluorotoluene

We investigate the low-energy transitions (0–570 cm-1) of the S1 state of para-fluorotoluene (pFT) using a combination of resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) and zero-kinetic-energy (ZEKE) spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. By using various S1 states as intermediate levels, we obtain zero-kinetic-energy (ZEKE) spectra. The differing activity observed allows detailed assignments to be made of both the cation and S1 low-energy levels. The assignments are in line with the recently-published work on toluene from the Lawrance group [J. Chem. Phys. 143, 044313 (2015)], which considered vibration-torsion coupling in depth for the S1 state of toluene. In addition, we investigate whether two bands that occur in the range 390–420 cm-1 are the result of a Fermi resonance; we present evidence for weak coupling between various vibrations and torsions that contribute to this region. This work has led to the identification of a number of misassignments in the literature, and these are corrected

Observation of the onset of torsion-induced, mode-specific dissipative intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR)

Evidence is found showing that coupling with vibration-torsion (“vibtor”) levels of both in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations is instrumental in causing dissipative intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR). Both zero-electron-kinetic-energy (ZEKE) spectroscopy and two-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence (2D-LIF) spectroscopy are employed to investigate a series of bands located ∼1200 cm−1 above the S1 ← S0 origin in p-fluorotoluene. Transitions in this wavenumber region have been the focus of a number of studies probing IVR. By recording both ZEKE and 2D-LIF spectra, a prepared S1 population is projected onto both the ground state cation and ground state neutral energy states, respectively, giving added confidence to the assignments. The spectral region under discussion is dominated by a pair of fundamental bands, but for the first time, we present explicit evidence that this is complicated by contributions from a number of overtones and combinations, including vibtor levels. We deduce that very different extents of coupling are present across a 60 cm−1 window of the spectrum, even though the density of states is similar; in particular, one of the fundamentals couples efficiently to the increasing bath of levels, while one does not. We explain this by the influence of serendipitous near-coincidences of same-symmetry levels

Identification of separate isoenergetic routes for vibrational energy flow in p-fluorotoluene

A deceptively simple feature in the S1 ← S0 spectrum of p-fluorotoluene (pFT), 1013 cm−1 above the origin, is studied using both zero-electron-kinetic-energy (ZEKE) and two-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence (2D-LIF) spectroscopy. It is found to consist of a cornucopia of overlapped transitions to eigenstates that arise from numerous interacting levels. A significant variation in the activity is seen employing both the ZEKE and 2D-LIF techniques. Detailed insight into the complicated spectra can be achieved, owing to the large number of vibrational wavenumbers that have been previously determined for the S0, S1, and D0+ states, summarized herein. It is found that the activity is dominated by two overtones, which are individually interacting with other levels, so providing largely independent routes for vibrational energy flow at the same internal energy. Additionally, other weak features located 900–1050 cm−1 above the origin are examined

Job satisfaction and motivation of health workers in public and private sectors: cross-sectional analysis from two Indian states

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ensuring health worker job satisfaction and motivation are important if health workers are to be retained and effectively deliver health services in many developing countries, whether they work in the public or private sector. The objectives of the paper are to identify important aspects of health worker satisfaction and motivation in two Indian states working in public and private sectors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cross-sectional surveys of 1916 public and private sector health workers in Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, India, were conducted using a standardized instrument to identify health workers' satisfaction with key work factors related to motivation. Ratings were compared with how important health workers consider these factors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There was high variability in the ratings for areas of satisfaction and motivation across the different practice settings, but there were also commonalities. Four groups of factors were identified, with those relating to job content and work environment viewed as the most important characteristics of the ideal job, and rated higher than a good income. In both states, public sector health workers rated "good employment benefits" as significantly more important than private sector workers, as well as a "superior who recognizes work". There were large differences in whether these factors were considered present on the job, particularly between public and private sector health workers in Uttar Pradesh, where the public sector fared consistently lower (<it>P </it>< 0.01). Discordance between what motivational factors health workers considered important and their perceptions of actual presence of these factors were also highest in Uttar Pradesh in the public sector, where all 17 items had greater discordance for public sector workers than for workers in the private sector (<it>P </it>< 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There are common areas of health worker motivation that should be considered by managers and policy makers, particularly the importance of non-financial motivators such as working environment and skill development opportunities. But managers also need to focus on the importance of locally assessing conditions and managing incentives to ensure health workers are motivated in their work.</p

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Online chemical adsorption studies of Hg, Tl, and Pb on SiO2 and Au surfaces in preparation for chemical investigations on Cn, Nh, and Fl at TASCA

Online gas-solid adsorption studies with single-atom quantities of Hg, Tl, and Pb, the lighter homologs of the superheavy elements (SHE) copernicium (Cn, Z =112), nihonium (Nh, Z =113), and flerovium (Fl, Z =114), were carried out using short-lived radioisotopes. The interaction with Au and SiO 2 surfaces was studied and the overall chemical yield was determined. Suitable radioisotopes were produced in fusion-evaporation reactions, isolated in the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA, and flushed rapidly to an adjacent setup of two gas chromatography detector arrays covered with SiO 2 (first array) and Au (second array). While Tl and Pb adsorbed on the SiO 2 surface, Hg interacts only weakly and reached the Au-covered array. Our results contribute to elucidating the influence of relativistic effects on chemical properties of the heaviest elements by providing experimental data on these lighter homologs